A computer system consists of hardware, software, and people working together to perform tasks. The basic computer model includes input, output, a central processing unit (CPU) for processing, and storage. Computers are found everywhere and their reliability is measured by factors like uptime and mean time between failures. Systems are protected against failure through hardware redundancy, disaster recovery methods like RAID systems, and following professional coding standards for comments, indentation, and meaningful identifiers. Development methods like waterfall and rapid application development (RAD) were discussed. Standards are needed for legal, environmental, and other considerations.

1. FUNDAMENTALS OF COMPUTER SYSTEMS
Basic Computer System Model

2. WHAT IS A COMPUTER SYSTEM?
▪ A computer system is a combination of working
together to perform a given task.
is any physical thing that makes up the computer.
is any program that runs on the computer.

3. BASIC COMPUTER MODEL
Input Output
CPU
(Processing)
Storage

4. IMPORTANCE OF COMPUTERS
▪ Where do you see computers?
▪ How to measure the reliability?
▪ Availability – Up time
▪ MTBF – Mean Time Between Failure

5. PROTECTING AGAINST SYSTEM FAILURES
▪ Hardware redundancy - having more than one of a critical component
▪ Disaster recovery – eg: use of raid systems
what is is

7. PROFESSIONAL STANDARDS
▪ Analyzing and planning are done before start developing computer system.
Common Professional standards in coding
Use of
comments in
the code.
Indents clearly
to different
code sections
Use of
meaningful
identifiers.eg:
instead of X use

8. WATERFALL METHOD
 Defines steps that are completed one at a time.
 Each step leads to the next step with a specific output
 Can return to the previous step if necessary
This model is simple and easy to understand and use.
Waterfall model works well for smaller projects where
requirements are very well understood.
Disadvantages
No working software is produced until late during the life cycle.
High amounts of risk and uncertainty.
Not a good model for complex and object-oriented projects.

9. RAPID APPLICATION DEVELOPMENT (RAD)
• Mostly client involves in the development process
• Starts with a prototype which is developed to a full solution
• Reduced development time.
• Increases reusability of components
• Quick initial reviews occur
• Encourages customer feedback
• Requires highly skilled developers/designers.
• High dependency on modelling skills
• Inapplicable to cheaper projects as cost of modelling
and automated code generation is very high.

10. WHY DO WE NEED STANDARDS

11. LEGAL CONSIDERATION
Companies with computer systems that store any personal data must have
processes and security mechanisms designed into the system to meet this requirement
Designers should consider how easy systems will be to use and
any health implications there might be based on their choices of software, screen layout, input
methods and the hardware used.
makes it illegal to use software without buying the
appropriate licence.

12. ENVIRONMENTAL CONSIDERATION