Fundamentals of Computer Programming in C++

1. Fundamentals of
Computer Programming
Summary of Key Concepts
Chere L. (M.Tech)
Lecturer, SWEG, AASTU

2. Chapter One
Basic Concepts of Programming
Chapter 1
2

3. Outline
 Basics of Program Development
 What is computer programming?
 Reasons to study programming
 An Overview of Program Development Life Cycle
 Problem Solving Skills
 Algorithm Design using flow chart and Pseudo codes
 Programming Languages Generations
 Programming Languages Paradigms
Chapter 1
3

4. Chapter Two
Basic Programming Constructors
Chapter 1
4

5. Outline
 Structure (Anatomy) of C++ program
 Preprocessor and library functions
 main() function
 Statement and Block
 Compilation Process and running programs:
 Basic Elements of program (Syntax and Semantics)
 Input/output standards
 Variables and Data types, Constants
 Operators and expression
 Debugging and Programming Errors
 Formatting Program {Comment, braces, Indentation and White space}
 Formatted Input-Output
Chapter 2
5

6. Chapter Three
Program Flow Control
Chapter 1
6

7.  Introduction to flow controls
 Branching flow controls (selection statements)
 One-way selection
 Two-way selection
 Multiple selection
 switch statement
 Iterative flow controls (Looping statements)
 for loop
 while loop
 do . . . while loop
 Jumping statements
- break statement, continue statement, goto statement
 Program termination statements (return, exit, abort)
Outline

8. Chapter Four
Array and String
Chapter 1
8

9.  Introduction to array - foundation Concepts
 Array Declaration
 One Dimension Array and Two Dimension Array
 Array Initialization (During declaration and After declaration)
 One Dimension Array and Two Dimension Array
 Accessing Array Elements
 Assignment, Copying, Input/Output, and Other Array
manipulation
 An Overview of Strings
 String Declaration and Initialization
 String Manipulation
 I/O operation, Copying, Compare, Concatenate, Case
conversion, string length, string search, string replace, string
remove etc.
Outline

10. Chapter Five
Pointers
Chapter 1
10

11. Outline
▪ Variables in a Memory
▪ Basics of Pointers
▪ What is pointer?
▪ Why pointers
▪ Pointer Declaration
▪ Pointers Initialization
▪ Pointer Operators (& and *)
▪ Types of Pointers
 NULL Pointer
 Void pointers
 Pointers of Pointer
 Dangling Pointers
 Wild Pointers
▪ Pointers Expression
 Pointers Arithmetic
 Pointers Comparison
▪ Pointers and Constants
▪ Pointers and Arrays/Strings
▪ Pointers with Function
 Parameter pass-by-address
 Pointer as return type/value
▪ Dynamic Memory Management
 Memory Allocation (new)
 Memory Allocation (delete)
▪ Smart Pointers (new)
Chapter 5 11

12. Chapter Six
Function
Chapter 1
12

13.  Function Declaration and Definition (prototype)
 Type of functions (built in and user-defined)
 Function Calling and return value
 Calling by (variable, constant, literal, other function)
 Return value (variable, literal, expression, other function)
 Function Parameter
 Syntax (formal syntax and informal/unusual style )
 Types of Parameter (Actual parameters and formal
parameters)
 Parameter passing (by value, reference, pointer)
 Default parameter (order of parameter will matter)
Outline
Parameter pass
by pointer will
discussed in later
chapter

14.  Categories of user-defined functions (based on return value &
parameters)
 Function Overloading
 Variable scope (local & global) & resolution operator
 Special types of function
 Inline function
 Recursive function (factorial, Fibonacci series, binary search,
Euclidean algorithm)
 Function with array
 Calling function with array elements
 Passing Array as parameter (formal and actual parameter)
1D &2D
 Array as a return
Outline

15. Chapter Seven
Structure
Chapter 1
15

16.  Introduction to User Defined Data type (structure)
 Defining structure (with tag and without tag)
 Declaring structure variable
 At the time of defining structures {definition + declaration}
 After defining the structures
 Initializing structure elements
 While you defining the structures {definition + declaration
+ initialization}
 During structure variable declaration {declaration +
initialization}
 Accessing structure elements
 Array inside structure (as structure element)
 Nested structure
 Defining structure within structure
 Using structure variable other structure definition
Outline

17.  Array of structure
 Structure with function
 Structure variable as parameters
 Returning structure variable
 Other user defined data type
 Class and Object
 Anonymous unions (union)
 Enumerated types (enum)
 Typedef
Outline

18. Chapter Eight
File Handling
Chapter 1
18

19.  An Overview File Management
• Types of file - text and binary file
• Declaration of file stream object
• Opening and closing files
• Reading from and Writing to files
 Text files
 Binary files
• File modes
• File functions
• Files offset
• Files access methods
 Sequential access
 Random access
Outline

20. Chapter Nine
Templates and Vectors
Chapter 1
20

21.  An Overview File Management
Outline

22. Thank You
For Your Attention!!
22