2. Frustration
■ Frustration refers to the blocking of behaviour directed towards a goal. Desires or
motives, which are not fulfilled due to certain barrier or obstacles, leads to
frustration.
■ Following factors can produce it:
1. With holding the reinforcement
2. Conflict
3. Thwarting (mechanically preventing)
Example :
■ Motive : students to go for a movie
■ Withheld reinforcement: not getting the ticket for the movie.
■ Thwarting: not getting the permission from the teacher or warden
■ Conflict: Either movie or party
3. ■ Sources of Frustration:
1. Environmental factors : These factors can frustrate the satisfaction of
motives. It may be physical or people.
■ Physical – locked door or lack of money
■ People – teachers, parents
2. Personal frustration : People are often frustrated because they aspire to
goals, have a level of inspiration beyond their capacity to perform.
3. Conflict-Produced Frustration : It is a major source of frustration, in which
the expression of one motive interferes with the expression of other motives.
4. ■ CONSEQUENCES OF FRUSTRATION:
Frustratio
n
Restlessness
Apathy
Sterotyped bahaviour
Aggressiveness
Fantasy (daydreaming)
Regression
5. Solutions:
■ Frustration cause stress and anxiety causing harm to the body. Some common
restrictions to frustrations are persistence, escape, and aggression.
■ Some methods of Relieving frustration are as follows:
1. Identify the source of frustration. Try to control it or accept the situation.
2. Check everything out carefully before making a change in your job or
residence.
3. Try to find compromises. Look for positive things when all choice seems
negative.
4. Seek reliable help from advisors, teachers and other counselors.
5. Stick with your decisions and forget about the other choices unless you are
clearly wrong.
6. By using ego defence mechanisms.