FREEDOM: The Primary Motivator
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Freedom is a prime motivator in human nature that is consistently desired across all people. Freedom means having the ability to act autonomously according to one's own desires and laws rather than being constrained or dominated by others. The history of the world involves an ongoing struggle between totalitarianism and anarchy as people constantly seek to either dominate others or resist being dominated themselves in their pursuit of independence and self-determination. The deep human desire for freedom is reflected in celebrations like Independence Day and remains one of the greatest motivating forces known to humanity.
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Freedom - the great desire of humanity
Freedom is a prime motivator for humans according to the document. It argues that freedom means autonomy or "self-law" - the ability to do things according to one's own preferences. The document cites examples that people from young children to teenagers dislike being constrained and desire independence. It concludes that the desire for freedom is one of the greatest forces in humanity, as seen in celebrations of Independence Day and through history as societies have moved along the continuum from totalitarianism to anarchy.
Initial ideas
The document contains two plot ideas:
1. A young man struggles with severe OCD and social anxiety, which causes him to live an isolated lifestyle. He wants to be part of society but finds it a daily mental battle.
2. A racist judge wrongly sentences a young black man to 12 years in prison. Ten years later, the man seeks revenge on the judge by slowly manipulating his mind, dramatically impacting his life, career, and sanity.
The openings for each plot are described. The first involves a black screen with clock sounds and the protagonist's daily routine narrated. The second shows a title sequence over lower/middle class contrast and courtroom scenes of the judge delivering a guilty verdict.
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Freedom is complex with different types and levels. True freedom requires responsibility and self-control over passions. Freedom of will allows choice but we must accept consequences. Freedom and responsibility are intertwined - as we gain responsibility, we gain freedom. Laws protect freedom by establishing order and safety for all. True freedom leads to goodness, not license to harm others.
"The Many Faces of Freedom:" by Tibor Molnar
This document discusses different philosophical perspectives on the concept of freedom. It begins by describing how freedom is typically viewed as having real choices and the ability to choose from those options. However, it notes that from a physical perspective, free will is difficult to reconcile with deterministic laws of physics. The document then explores metaphysical views of freedom as the absence of external interference. It discusses thinkers like Hobbes, Locke, and Foucault and their views on freedom involving coercion. The document also examines how internal states like passion or addiction may compromise freedom by overriding reason and choice. In the end, it raises questions about where to draw the line between acceptable passion and compulsion that limits free choice.
Philosophers for Social 30-2
Thomas Hobbes believed that humans are inherently selfish and egoistic, and that a peaceful society requires an absolute ruler with total control to enforce laws and prevent chaos. However, he also argued that subjects retain certain natural liberties or rights, such as the right to defend their own lives, that cannot be transferred away.
John Locke disagreed with Hobbes' view of absolute rule and believed that humans form societies through social contracts for impartial justice and protection of private property rights. Locke emphasized that governments are appointed by and responsible to the people, who hold the ultimate authority. He argued that the most important individual right is the right to own private property, as it stems from one's own labor.
John Stuart Mill warned
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If you were tasked with assembling a 'toolkit' using only free or open source tools to perform network security assessment.
(1) What software applications or "tools" would you use?
(2)What platform (Operating System) would you use?
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Chapter 7
Although many of us believe we can do and act how we want, whenever we want to, philosophers have augured that this is not the case. There are various views on the notion of human freedom. Free will is the notion that people make choices and have the capacity to do otherwise than they choose. Determinism is the idea that all actions and events are determined or happen necessarily and that human actions are no different. Humanity is as free as a weather vane—a weather vane moves with the direction of the wind, and humans do too. Or to put it more pre- cisely, humans move and act in accordance with desires, impulses, and causes that are beyond our control. For the determinist, there is no freedom of the will. Indeterminism, on the other hand, claims that not all actions are determined and that humans have some amount of freedom. In other words, people have some amount of free will.
Our perception of reality seems to indicate to each of us that we are free and have free will; upon closer examination, it is not so obvious. Many philosophers argue that there is no way that humans can have such a thing as free will at all. They call this the dilemma of determinism, as the British philosopher, Colin McGinn (b. 1950), states in his Problems in Philosophy: The Limits of Inquiry (1993), that “Either determinism is true or it is not. If it is true, then all our chosen actions are uniquely necessitated by prior states of the world, just like every other event. But then it can- not be the case that we could have acted otherwise, since this would require a possi- bility determinism rules out. Once the initial conditions are set and the laws fixed, causality excludes genuine freedom.”
“On the other hand, if indeterminism is true,” McGinn continues, “then, though things could have happened otherwise, it is not the case that we could have chosen otherwise, since a merely random event is no kind of free choice. That some events occur causelessly, or are not subject to law, or only to probabilistic law, is not sufficient for those events to be free choices.”
“Man’s life is a line that nature commands him to describe upon the surface of the earth, without his ever being able to swerve from it, even for an instant. He is born without his own consent; his organization does in no way depend upon himself; his ideas come to him involuntarily; his habits are in the power of those who cause him to contract them; he is
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Recommended
Freedom - the great desire of humanity
Freedom is a prime motivator for humans according to the document. It argues that freedom means autonomy or "self-law" - the ability to do things according to one's own preferences. The document cites examples that people from young children to teenagers dislike being constrained and desire independence. It concludes that the desire for freedom is one of the greatest forces in humanity, as seen in celebrations of Independence Day and through history as societies have moved along the continuum from totalitarianism to anarchy.
Initial ideas
The document contains two plot ideas:
1. A young man struggles with severe OCD and social anxiety, which causes him to live an isolated lifestyle. He wants to be part of society but finds it a daily mental battle.
2. A racist judge wrongly sentences a young black man to 12 years in prison. Ten years later, the man seeks revenge on the judge by slowly manipulating his mind, dramatically impacting his life, career, and sanity.
The openings for each plot are described. The first involves a black screen with clock sounds and the protagonist's daily routine narrated. The second shows a title sequence over lower/middle class contrast and courtroom scenes of the judge delivering a guilty verdict.
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"The Many Faces of Freedom:" by Tibor Molnar
This document discusses different philosophical perspectives on the concept of freedom. It begins by describing how freedom is typically viewed as having real choices and the ability to choose from those options. However, it notes that from a physical perspective, free will is difficult to reconcile with deterministic laws of physics. The document then explores metaphysical views of freedom as the absence of external interference. It discusses thinkers like Hobbes, Locke, and Foucault and their views on freedom involving coercion. The document also examines how internal states like passion or addiction may compromise freedom by overriding reason and choice. In the end, it raises questions about where to draw the line between acceptable passion and compulsion that limits free choice.
Philosophers for Social 30-2
Thomas Hobbes believed that humans are inherently selfish and egoistic, and that a peaceful society requires an absolute ruler with total control to enforce laws and prevent chaos. However, he also argued that subjects retain certain natural liberties or rights, such as the right to defend their own lives, that cannot be transferred away.
John Locke disagreed with Hobbes' view of absolute rule and believed that humans form societies through social contracts for impartial justice and protection of private property rights. Locke emphasized that governments are appointed by and responsible to the people, who hold the ultimate authority. He argued that the most important individual right is the right to own private property, as it stems from one's own labor.
John Stuart Mill warned
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If you were tasked with assembling a 'toolkit' using only free or open source tools to perform network security assessment.
(1) What software applications or "tools" would you use?
(2)What platform (Operating System) would you use?
(3)How does this toolkit differ from that you would use for an application security assessment, wireless security assessment? You can list other types of related assessments if you know if how you might adjust for the given scenario.
Chapter 7
Although many of us believe we can do and act how we want, whenever we want to, philosophers have augured that this is not the case. There are various views on the notion of human freedom. Free will is the notion that people make choices and have the capacity to do otherwise than they choose. Determinism is the idea that all actions and events are determined or happen necessarily and that human actions are no different. Humanity is as free as a weather vane—a weather vane moves with the direction of the wind, and humans do too. Or to put it more pre- cisely, humans move and act in accordance with desires, impulses, and causes that are beyond our control. For the determinist, there is no freedom of the will. Indeterminism, on the other hand, claims that not all actions are determined and that humans have some amount of freedom. In other words, people have some amount of free will.
Our perception of reality seems to indicate to each of us that we are free and have free will; upon closer examination, it is not so obvious. Many philosophers argue that there is no way that humans can have such a thing as free will at all. They call this the dilemma of determinism, as the British philosopher, Colin McGinn (b. 1950), states in his Problems in Philosophy: The Limits of Inquiry (1993), that “Either determinism is true or it is not. If it is true, then all our chosen actions are uniquely necessitated by prior states of the world, just like every other event. But then it can- not be the case that we could have acted otherwise, since this would require a possi- bility determinism rules out. Once the initial conditions are set and the laws fixed, causality excludes genuine freedom.”
“On the other hand, if indeterminism is true,” McGinn continues, “then, though things could have happened otherwise, it is not the case that we could have chosen otherwise, since a merely random event is no kind of free choice. That some events occur causelessly, or are not subject to law, or only to probabilistic law, is not sufficient for those events to be free choices.”
“Man’s life is a line that nature commands him to describe upon the surface of the earth, without his ever being able to swerve from it, even for an instant. He is born without his own consent; his organization does in no way depend upon himself; his ideas come to him involuntarily; his habits are in the power of those who cause him to contract them; he is
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- Aristotle and Aquinas viewed freedom as rooted in reason and self-determination. For Aquinas, perfect happiness is found in God and love transforms humanity more than law.
- For Sartre, existence precedes essence - humans are defined by their actions and have radical freedom to choose their path.
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- It outlines three major positions on this issue: hard determinism which denies free will, libertarianism which believes in free will, and soft determinism which believes actions are determined but individuals can still be morally responsible.
- It provides examples of how these perspectives would view scenarios like a soldier shooting a civilian, and addresses philosophers like Kant and Sartre who argued that free will and moral responsibility are inherently linked.
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The document discusses various concepts related to freedom and its limitations. It begins by defining freedom and providing examples of different types of freedom such as physical, spiritual, and political freedom. It then discusses factors that can limit individual freedom such as living in society, law and order, customs, and complexity in society.
The document also examines concepts like human rights, social contract theories, and constitutional protections of freedom. Specifically, it outlines several fundamental liberties protected by the Malaysian constitution such as life and liberty, freedom of speech and movement, and prohibition of slavery. However, it notes that some of these rights have limitations and exceptions under law. Overall, the document provides a broad overview of the philosophical underpinnings and legal frameworks related
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Often we use words like freedom and liberty without ever thinking about what these words mean. We assume that we all mean the same thing by these words; however, in reality, we all live by different personal definitions of freedom and liberty. Our definitions are not based on a dictionary but are informed by our unique personal life experiences. Consider the diversity even in this course. How might someone understand words like liberty and freedom from a background, culture, age, gender, or even race that is different from yours? Each of us has a unique story that has brought us to this point – and each of our stories is intrinsically valuable and important.
If we think about this level of diversity – how and why do such different individuals come together to exist together in a society?
The State of Nature, or Life Without Government
Simply, freedom and liberty are not the same thing. Let’s consider what we mean by freedom. For our purposes, freedom is doing whatever you want to do, whenever you want to do it.
If everyone had absolute freedom and could do whatever they wanted whenever they wanted what would our world look like? What would our relationships with each other look like?
These are the questions that political philosophers such as Thomas Hobbes and John Locke asked. These are also question that our founders asked as they pondered the creation of a new nation. They called this condition of absolute freedom the State of Nature – a state in which people lived in absolute freedom with no social structures or government.
For Hobbes, life in this state of nature looked very terrible. Hobbes described the state of nature as:
“In such condition there is no place for industry, because the fruit thereof is uncertain: and consequently no culture of the earth; no navigation, nor use of the commodities that may be imported by sea; no commodious building; no instruments of moving and removing such things as require much force; no knowledge of the face of the earth; no account of time; no arts; no letters; no society; and which is worst of all, continual fear, and danger of violent death; and the life of man, solitary, poor, nasty, brutish, and short…”
Additionally, Hobbes suggested:
“For before constitution of sovereign power, as hath already been shown, all men had right to all things, which necessarily causeth war.”
For Hobbes, freedom was each individual having the right to all things. If you have new car, in the state of nature, I have right to take your new car – even by force and violence.
Hobbes is saying that in the state of nature, or trying to live life without government, no form of cooperation between individuals is possible and thus there will be no grocery stores, no computers, no smartphones, no art, and each individual will suffer a very quick and violent death.
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- Several philosophers are discussed in relation to human freedom, including Aristotle, Aquinas, Sartre, Hobbes, and Rousseau.
- Aristotle and Aquinas viewed freedom as rooted in reason and self-determination. For Aquinas, perfect happiness is found in God and love transforms humanity more than law.
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- It introduces the debate around whether humans truly have free will to make decisions or if all actions are determined by prior causes and circumstances outside of one's control.
- It outlines three major positions on this issue: hard determinism which denies free will, libertarianism which believes in free will, and soft determinism which believes actions are determined but individuals can still be morally responsible.
- It provides examples of how these perspectives would view scenarios like a soldier shooting a civilian, and addresses philosophers like Kant and Sartre who argued that free will and moral responsibility are inherently linked.
Humanity presentations
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Humanity presentations
The document discusses the role of religion and faith in human life. It references quotes from Aldous Huxley's Brave New World that discuss using the drug soma as a replacement for religion and tears. The document also discusses how religion can be manipulated to cause tension and violence in society, but also how it provides comfort and reliance for many. It cites several sources on topics like religious manipulation, salvation, toxic religion, and the role of religion in the world.
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An Introduction to Philosophy
Lecture 05: Free Will
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Open Studies
The University of Edinburgh
j.mooney@ed.ac.uk
www.filmandphilosophy.com
@film_philosophy
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Enlightenment thinkers
The document summarizes the political theories of Enlightenment thinkers Thomas Hobbes, John Locke, and Montesquieu. It describes Hobbes' belief in strong authoritarian government to control selfish human nature. It outlines Locke's view of natural individual rights and that government's power comes from people. It notes Montesquieu's idea that separation of government powers prevents tyranny.
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The document also examines concepts like human rights, social contract theories, and constitutional protections of freedom. Specifically, it outlines several fundamental liberties protected by the Malaysian constitution such as life and liberty, freedom of speech and movement, and prohibition of slavery. However, it notes that some of these rights have limitations and exceptions under law. Overall, the document provides a broad overview of the philosophical underpinnings and legal frameworks related
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Often we use words like freedom and liberty without ever thinking about what these words mean. We assume that we all mean the same thing by these words; however, in reality, we all live by different personal definitions of freedom and liberty. Our definitions are not based on a dictionary but are informed by our unique personal life experiences. Consider the diversity even in this course. How might someone understand words like liberty and freedom from a background, culture, age, gender, or even race that is different from yours? Each of us has a unique story that has brought us to this point – and each of our stories is intrinsically valuable and important.
If we think about this level of diversity – how and why do such different individuals come together to exist together in a society?
The State of Nature, or Life Without Government
Simply, freedom and liberty are not the same thing. Let’s consider what we mean by freedom. For our purposes, freedom is doing whatever you want to do, whenever you want to do it.
If everyone had absolute freedom and could do whatever they wanted whenever they wanted what would our world look like? What would our relationships with each other look like?
These are the questions that political philosophers such as Thomas Hobbes and John Locke asked. These are also question that our founders asked as they pondered the creation of a new nation. They called this condition of absolute freedom the State of Nature – a state in which people lived in absolute freedom with no social structures or government.
For Hobbes, life in this state of nature looked very terrible. Hobbes described the state of nature as:
“In such condition there is no place for industry, because the fruit thereof is uncertain: and consequently no culture of the earth; no navigation, nor use of the commodities that may be imported by sea; no commodious building; no instruments of moving and removing such things as require much force; no knowledge of the face of the earth; no account of time; no arts; no letters; no society; and which is worst of all, continual fear, and danger of violent death; and the life of man, solitary, poor, nasty, brutish, and short…”
Additionally, Hobbes suggested:
“For before constitution of sovereign power, as hath already been shown, all men had right to all things, which necessarily causeth war.”
For Hobbes, freedom was each individual having the right to all things. If you have new car, in the state of nature, I have right to take your new car – even by force and violence.
Hobbes is saying that in the state of nature, or trying to live life without government, no form of cooperation between individuals is possible and thus there will be no grocery stores, no computers, no smartphones, no art, and each individual will suffer a very quick and violent death.
The founders of our nation shared Hobbes’ fairly pessimistic outlook regarding human nature. James Madison famously wrote i.
Evolution of human rights in time and place
The document discusses how concepts of human rights and justice have evolved over time and differed across places. It outlines several key periods in the evolution of human rights: in ancient societies rights were tied to one's social group; during feudal times rights were only afforded to those in power; the Enlightenment era saw the emergence of beliefs in universal and natural rights; and the 19th-20th centuries brought expanded rights movements addressing slavery, women's suffrage, and more. The document also notes factors like a place's resources, social groups, economy, and technology can impact the development of human rights and justice norms in that location.
The Question Of Human Freedom
The document discusses different perspectives on human freedom and determinism. It describes hard determinism as the view that human actions are fully determined by external forces outside of a person's control, such as genetics, environment or circumstances. Soft determinism/indeterminism holds that while events are largely controlled, humans still possess a limited degree of freedom and choice. The document also outlines arguments for the existence of human freedom, such as the idea that moral systems would not exist if humans had no control over their actions.
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Biological theories of crime propose that criminal behavior may be influenced by biological factors. Cesare Lombroso's theory claimed that criminals have distinct physical characteristics showing their evolutionarily primitive nature. The Y chromosome theory links criminal behavior to an extra Y chromosome. William Sheldon's somatotype theory associated criminality with a mesomorphic body type. While these theories provide biological explanations for crime, they have been criticized for ignoring free will and failing to account for social and environmental influences on criminal behavior.
Freedom
The document discusses different views on determinism and freedom. It describes several types of determinism that suggest factors like predestination, social institutions, economic class, conditioning, genetics and genes limit human freedom. It also discusses libertarian views that propose the possibility of free will. These include the ideas that free will allows both positive and negative outcomes, and that indeterminism means the world is random due to people's unpredictable actions. The document also discusses psychoanalysis as a way to free the mind and existentialist views that while we have freedom to choose our faiths and actions, we must accept responsibility for the consequences.
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The document discusses different views on determinism and freedom. It describes several types of determinism that suggest factors like predestination, social institutions, economic class, conditioning, genetics and genes limit human freedom. It also discusses libertarian views that propose the possibility of free will. These include the ideas that free will allows both positive and negative outcomes, and that indeterminism means the world is random due to people's unpredictable actions. The document also discusses psychoanalysis as a way to free the mind and existentialist views that while we have freedom to choose our faiths and actions, we must accept responsibility for the consequences.
Human rights
The document discusses the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and the Declaration of the Rights of the Child. It provides background on the development of the UDHR after World War II and its importance in establishing fundamental rights for all people. It then summarizes key aspects of the Declaration of the Rights of the Child such as its focus on protecting children's needs and interests. The document concludes by presenting two short examples of cases where children's rights were violated to emphasize the ongoing issues.
Trabalho human rights
The document summarizes two key declarations on human rights:
1) The Universal Declaration of Human Rights, adopted by the UN in 1948, which established fundamental human rights that all people are inherently entitled to, such as justice, dignity, freedom of speech, and freedom of religion.
2) The Declaration of the Rights of the Child, adopted by the UN in 1959, which built upon the Universal Declaration and established special protections for children, recognizing that they need special care and that all actions concerning children must consider their best interests. It aimed to give children equal dignity and respect as adults but also protect their additional needs.
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FREEDOM: The Primary Motivator
- 1. FREEDOM: THE PRIME MOTIVATOR Dr. Jim Bohn – Pro/Axios
- 2. Across the human experience … •Something in human nature cries out for independence and freedom from restraint.
- 3. Across the human experience … • If you constrain a 6-month-old child, he or she will react with extreme frustration. • Being “grounded” is a terrible sentence for teenagers. • When we incarcerate, we punish those who do crimes by removing their freedom.
- 4. Across the human experience … •Freedom is highly coveted by people: • because they desire expression. • because they fear suppression.
- 5. Auto-nomy • Operationally defined, freedom means the ability to do things my way. • Auto–nomy comes from two ancient greek words “autes” and “nomos”. Autes from authentic or self, as in autobiographical, and nomos which means law. • Thus we could say freedom means “self- law” to do things according to how I see fit.
- 6. Auto-nomy • Like the song says, “People just want to be free.” Young Rascals, 1969. • Freedom is of great value to us all, and a prime motivator in human nature.
- 7. The great challenge of humanity Continuum of freedom TOTALITARIANISM ANARCHY This is the history of the world.
- 8. Freedom and suppression • In some way, every day, people are … • dominating others • or being dominated by others • or desiring to dominate others • or resisting domination by others. This is the history of the world.
- 9. Consistent across time, culture, geography, ethnicity, gender, race, and creed … Across the world, across time, across culture … the desire for freedom is the greatest force known to humanity.
- 10. FREEDOM! Independence Day is a reflection of the deepest desire of humanity … to be free.