PROJECT PORTFOLIO FRED MARTIN 5/08/2010  Dr. Giorgi BIOSC 3
C. elegans on Nikon 80i, DIC 20x DIC, Bin 1x1, 8 bit, Exp = 10.0ms, Black 495 White 4095 gamma 1.0
e BF Nikon 80i Yucca Stem 20 f BF Nikon 80i Cerebellum, human 19 h Phase Olympus Drospophilia Wing  18 g,f BF Olympus Corn Root Tip 17 a,d DIC  Zeiss FluoCells prepared slide #4: Intestine 16 g BF, DAPI LP filter Leica BF Pseudo Stratified Ciliated Columnar Epithelial  15 g BF Leica BF Pseudo Stratified Ciliated Columnar Epithelial  14 g BF Nikon 80i Brine Shrimp 13 g BF  Nikon 80i Lycodopia pollen 12 e BF, RL Olympus Abutilon x hybridium  11 a RL Nikon 80i Lypha Root Tip 10 a,d RL + DIC Nikon 80i Lily Anther 9 a RL Nikon 80i Lily Anther 8 a,b RL Zeiss FluoCells® prepared slide #1: BPAEC 7 a,b RL Zeiss FluoCells® prepared slide #1: BPAEC  6 a,b RL Zeiss FluoCells prepared slide #2: BPAE  5 a,b RL Nikon 80i FluoCells prepared slide #4: Intestine 4 a,b RL Nikon 80i FluoCells prepared slide #4: Intestine 3 a,d RL + DIC Nikon 80i C. elegans 2 d DIC  Nikon 80i C. elegans 1 Requirement Technique Scope Specimen Slide # Project Image Index
Image Index Project Slide # Specimen Scope Technique Requmt b,f RL Nikon 80i FluoCells prepared slide #2: BPAE  38 i Confocal SP5 FluoCells® prepared slide #6: Muntjac Fibroblast  37 c Confocal SP5 FluoCells® prepared slide #6: Muntjac Fibroblast 36 c Confocal SP5 FluoCells® prepared slide #6: Muntjac Fibroblast  35 c,j Confocal SD Lily Anther pollen 34 c Confocal SD Lily Anther pollen 33 c Confocal SD Lily Anther pollen 32 c Confocal SP5 C. elegans 31 c Confocal Zeiss710 C. elegans 30 c Confocal Zeiss710 C. elegans 29 c  Confocal Zeiss710 C. elegans 28 l RL Nikon 80i C. elegans 27 l RL Nikon 80i C. elegans 26 j RL Nikon 80i C. elegans 25 c,h Confocal SP5 Buccal cells 24 c,h Confocal SP5 Buccal cells 23 c,h Confocal SP5 Buccal cells 22 d DIC  Nikon 80i C. elegans 21
Project SS: C. elegans on Nikon 80i, 3 channel RL + DIC 20x DIC, Bin 1x1, 8 bit, Exp = 10.0ms, Black 495 White 4095 gamma 1.0 DAPI 2.59s, FITC 9.76s, TRITC 4.9s
Invt4_10x_CompositeRGB_002.jpg 20091207 /Nikon2 /10x ; DIC: 73ms/ 1,503/ 0.95/ 4,095 R: 97ms/ 79/ 0.63/ 4,095 G: 200ms/ 239/ 0.95/4,095 B:500ms/223/0.77/4,095  SPECIMEN (A1) NIKON, FLUORESENCE, MOLECULAR PROBES SLIDE: TISSUE
invt4_a1_Composite_RG_DapiLUT_75.jpg 20091123 /Nikon2 /20x ; DIC: 20ms/ 79/ 0.94/ 3,310 R: 47ms/ 79/ 0.94/ 3,310 G: 41ms/ 95/ 0.67/3,054 B:392ms/159/0.51/2,830  SPECIMEN (A2) NIKON, FLUORESENCE, MOLECULAR PROBES SLIDE: TISSUE
FluoCells prepared slide #2:   BPAE bovine pulmonary artery endothelial cells Image A - 20091105: Zeiss #1 20x ZEISS, FLUORESENCE, MOLECULAR PROBES SLIDE: CELLS
FluoCells ®  prepared slide #1:   BPAEC, Zeiss 63x 20091016_INVG1_AREA3_CompositeAdj_jpg.jpg ZEISS, FLUORESENCE, MOLECULAR PROBES SLIDE: CELLS
NIKON, FLUORESENCE, MOLECULAR PROBES SLIDE: CELLS FM_INVT1_A1_CompositeAdjRGB_xDIC BPAE CELLS INVITROGEN #1
20x_LilyAnther_Fluro_RGB.jpg 20091123 /Nikon2 /20x ; R: 47ms/ 79/ 0.94/ 3,310 G: 41ms/ 95/ 0.67/3,054 B:392ms/159/0.51/2,830  SPECIMEN (B) NIKON, FLUORESENCE
FM_lycopodiumCaptured_FluoroRGBnDIC_20x_2.jpg 20091123 /Nikon2 /20x ; DIC: 20ms/ 79/ 0.94/ 3,310 R: 47ms/ 79/ 0.94/ 3,310 G: 41ms/ 95/ 0.67/3,054 B:392ms/159/0.51/2,830  SPECIMEN (C) NIKON, FLUORESENCE + DIC
SPECIMEN (F) Typha_10x_Composite_001_RGB_Adj 20091207 /Nikon2 /10x ; DIC: 73ms/ 1,503/ 0.95/ 4,095 R: 97ms/ 79/ 0.63/ 4,095 G: 200ms/ 239/ 0.95/4,095 B:500ms/223/0.77/4,095  COMPOSITE CHANNEL: RED CHANNEL: GREEN CHANNEL: BLUE NIKON, FLUORESCENSE (3 CHANNELS + OVERLAY)
Pollen Grain: Abutilon x hybridium @ 20x EM Channel: Green  Exp: 96.7ms Gain:7.1 Offset: -876 EM Channel: Red  Exp: 96.7ms Gain:7.1 Offset: -876 EM Channel: (BF)  Exp: 16.7ms Gain: 4.5 Offset: -161 Composite OLYMPUS, OWN SPECIMEN, FLUORO OVERLAY + 3 CHANNELS
fm__pseudocolor_lycopod_20x_CompositeRGBnDIC.jpg SPECIMEN (D) 20091207 /Nikon2 /20x ; “R”: 13ms/ 159/ 0.51/ 2,830 “G”: 6.6ms/ 159/ 0.51/ 2,830 “B”: 12.0ms/ 159/ 0.51/ 2,830  NIKON, BRIGHTFIELD (3 CHANNEL PSEUDO-COLORIZATION)
Multichannel _Shrimp_Pseudocolor2_RGB.jpg SPECIMEN (E) 20091118 /Nikon4 /20x ; R: --ms/ --/ --/ -- G:  --ms/ --/ --/ -- --B: ms/ --/ --/ --  Note: metadata not logged NIKON, BRIGHTFIELD (3 CHANNEL PSEUDO-COLORIZATION)
Cilia PSCCE Cells Basal   Lamina Pseudo Stratified Ciliated Columnar Epithelial  Cross section: area 3 image Cilia Basal   Lamina Nucleus Cilia (Apparent Stratification) Exp. 500.7ms Hist: 79/252 Gamma: 0.99 Auto_exp: OFF Gain: 3.1x 2009.10.01 Leica #2  60x (dry) Nucleolus {  } LEICA, BRIGHTFIELD
PSCCE Cells Cell Membrane Cilia (Apparent Stratification) Nuclei Basal Lamina LEICA, BRIGHTFIELD 48 BitDepth: 20 / 255 Histogram: On Auto_Exp? 0.97 Gamma: 2009-10-07 DateImage: 53 % Brightness: 2.2 x Gain: 1.0 s Exposure:
ZEISS, DIC FM_INVT4_A1_DIC-0005.JPG 20091209 /ZEISS 1 /20x ; DIC : EXP 69ms/ CT -0.50 / GAMMA 1.0 / BRT 1.0
Interphase Metaphase Anaphase Telophase Prophase RESULTS: DIGITAL COUNT DETAIL – FIELD OF VIEW A: Onion Root Tip Meta Data Scope: Olympus 3 (A) 10x, rheo: full Iris ~ 30% 1.1 ms 2.8 gain -1,860 offset Note: Manual count done at 20x on  Olympus3 OLYMPUS, MORPHOMETRY
OLYMPUS, OWN SPECIMEN, Phase Contrast
4x 10x 20x Area Hunt B : Same Field of View at different magnifications: comparison of gross tissue structure/features and unique “target” reference point (marked with  * ) * * * * These different Field of View images  are representative of the reference  sketches I made…
Project Marvelous Motorization: Montage (Yucca Stem c.s.) denotes stitch line Montage is 6 x 4 frames Red Nikon, 4x, exp. = 750 ų s, B/W level: 35/3900
Project Marvelous Motorization: Montage (C. elegans) denotes stitch line Montage is 2 x 1 frames Red Nikon, 20x, DIC w/  ¼ wave plate in, exp. = 10ms, B/W level: 495/4095
Own Buccal Cells cells stained with ER Tracker, : max projection   of 66 slice Z-stack Leica SP5 Confocal: Lily Anther Pollen, FITC channel
Buccal Cells Series013  – ER Tracker, Max Projection 54 slice Z-stck, 3.7 zoom factor Note: peri-nuclear staining differences Peri-nuclear membrane staining with apparent  channels / invaginations showing
Buccal Cells – ER Tracker, Max Projection 33 slice Z-stck Note: peri-nuclear staining differences Dead cells? RER? SER?
Z stack: slice series (C. elegans) Nikon, 63x oil, Z-series: 21steps @ 0.6ų/step DAPI channel exp. = 1s, B/W level: 123/3013
Z stack: Max. Projection (C. elegans) Nikon ,  63x oil, Projection of Z-series: 21steps @ 0.6ų/step DAPI channel exp. = 1s, B/W level: 123/3013
Z stack: 3D surface representation (C. elegans) Nikon ,  63x oil, 3d rep. of Z-series: 21steps @ 0.6ų/step DAPI channel exp. = 1s, B/W level: 123/3013
C. elegans on Zeiss 710 (63x oil, Max projection – 32 slice Area showing meitotic divisions in sperm formation: capsules around sperm  were the structure of interest in the study)
Project SS: C. elegans on Zeiss 710 (63x oil, max projection 17 slice) Area near tail of male c. elegans showing spicuola
CONFOCAL: C. elegans on Zeiss 710 (63x oil)
C. elegans on Leica SP5 Slice 37 of 87 from z stack (MetaData at end of presentation)
Leica SD Confocal:   Lily Anther Pollen, Max projection overlay (eGFP,TxRed)
Leica SD Confocal: Lily Anther Pollen, eGFP channel: max projection
Project SD: Lily Anther Pollen, view of all Z slices: screen shot
Frame 1 @ 0.33sec   Frame 2 @ 0.67sec   Frame 3 @ 1.00sec   Frame 4 @ 1.33sec   Frame 5 @ 1.67sec   Frame 6 @ 2.00sec   Frame 7 @ 2.33sec   Frame 8 @ 2.67sec   Frame 9 @ 3.00sec   Frame 10 @ 3.33sec   Frame |  1  |  2  |  3  |  4  |  5  |  6 |  7  |  8  |  9 |  10  |  Lambda Scan from 550-610nm: Image Series above correlate to each wavelength/intensity reading in chart/graph to right Structure is fibroblast actin  labeled with Alexa Fluor 488: weaker, post-peak EM signal
Original Separation 1 Separation   2 Dye Separation Series:  3 channels, Auto- separate,  weak  strength Original
SP5 Confocal: Mark/Find Function: 3 random x,y,z coordinates identified & recaptured later Top row series: manual images before defining xyz positions with “Mark” function Bottom row series: Auto images captured with “Find” function by recalled xyz positions
Morphometry Project: Comparison of Manual counts in NIS Elements vs Image Pro DAPI Channel Manual Counts Vs Image Pro Variance Comparison FOV 1 FOV 2 FOV 3 FOV 4 FOV 1 count = 27 FOV 2 count = 18 FOV 3 count = 15 (net13) FOV 4  count = 14 Counted as 3 vs 1 (+2) Counted as 1 vs 0 (+1) Counted as 1 vs 2 <same> Not Counted vs 2 (+2)

Fred Martin Imaging Portfolio2

  • 1.
    PROJECT PORTFOLIO FREDMARTIN 5/08/2010 Dr. Giorgi BIOSC 3
  • 2.
    C. elegans onNikon 80i, DIC 20x DIC, Bin 1x1, 8 bit, Exp = 10.0ms, Black 495 White 4095 gamma 1.0
  • 3.
    e BF Nikon80i Yucca Stem 20 f BF Nikon 80i Cerebellum, human 19 h Phase Olympus Drospophilia Wing 18 g,f BF Olympus Corn Root Tip 17 a,d DIC Zeiss FluoCells prepared slide #4: Intestine 16 g BF, DAPI LP filter Leica BF Pseudo Stratified Ciliated Columnar Epithelial 15 g BF Leica BF Pseudo Stratified Ciliated Columnar Epithelial 14 g BF Nikon 80i Brine Shrimp 13 g BF Nikon 80i Lycodopia pollen 12 e BF, RL Olympus Abutilon x hybridium 11 a RL Nikon 80i Lypha Root Tip 10 a,d RL + DIC Nikon 80i Lily Anther 9 a RL Nikon 80i Lily Anther 8 a,b RL Zeiss FluoCells® prepared slide #1: BPAEC 7 a,b RL Zeiss FluoCells® prepared slide #1: BPAEC 6 a,b RL Zeiss FluoCells prepared slide #2: BPAE 5 a,b RL Nikon 80i FluoCells prepared slide #4: Intestine 4 a,b RL Nikon 80i FluoCells prepared slide #4: Intestine 3 a,d RL + DIC Nikon 80i C. elegans 2 d DIC Nikon 80i C. elegans 1 Requirement Technique Scope Specimen Slide # Project Image Index
  • 4.
    Image Index ProjectSlide # Specimen Scope Technique Requmt b,f RL Nikon 80i FluoCells prepared slide #2: BPAE 38 i Confocal SP5 FluoCells® prepared slide #6: Muntjac Fibroblast 37 c Confocal SP5 FluoCells® prepared slide #6: Muntjac Fibroblast 36 c Confocal SP5 FluoCells® prepared slide #6: Muntjac Fibroblast 35 c,j Confocal SD Lily Anther pollen 34 c Confocal SD Lily Anther pollen 33 c Confocal SD Lily Anther pollen 32 c Confocal SP5 C. elegans 31 c Confocal Zeiss710 C. elegans 30 c Confocal Zeiss710 C. elegans 29 c Confocal Zeiss710 C. elegans 28 l RL Nikon 80i C. elegans 27 l RL Nikon 80i C. elegans 26 j RL Nikon 80i C. elegans 25 c,h Confocal SP5 Buccal cells 24 c,h Confocal SP5 Buccal cells 23 c,h Confocal SP5 Buccal cells 22 d DIC Nikon 80i C. elegans 21
  • 5.
    Project SS: C.elegans on Nikon 80i, 3 channel RL + DIC 20x DIC, Bin 1x1, 8 bit, Exp = 10.0ms, Black 495 White 4095 gamma 1.0 DAPI 2.59s, FITC 9.76s, TRITC 4.9s
  • 6.
    Invt4_10x_CompositeRGB_002.jpg 20091207 /Nikon2/10x ; DIC: 73ms/ 1,503/ 0.95/ 4,095 R: 97ms/ 79/ 0.63/ 4,095 G: 200ms/ 239/ 0.95/4,095 B:500ms/223/0.77/4,095 SPECIMEN (A1) NIKON, FLUORESENCE, MOLECULAR PROBES SLIDE: TISSUE
  • 7.
    invt4_a1_Composite_RG_DapiLUT_75.jpg 20091123 /Nikon2/20x ; DIC: 20ms/ 79/ 0.94/ 3,310 R: 47ms/ 79/ 0.94/ 3,310 G: 41ms/ 95/ 0.67/3,054 B:392ms/159/0.51/2,830 SPECIMEN (A2) NIKON, FLUORESENCE, MOLECULAR PROBES SLIDE: TISSUE
  • 8.
    FluoCells prepared slide#2: BPAE bovine pulmonary artery endothelial cells Image A - 20091105: Zeiss #1 20x ZEISS, FLUORESENCE, MOLECULAR PROBES SLIDE: CELLS
  • 9.
    FluoCells ® prepared slide #1: BPAEC, Zeiss 63x 20091016_INVG1_AREA3_CompositeAdj_jpg.jpg ZEISS, FLUORESENCE, MOLECULAR PROBES SLIDE: CELLS
  • 10.
    NIKON, FLUORESENCE, MOLECULARPROBES SLIDE: CELLS FM_INVT1_A1_CompositeAdjRGB_xDIC BPAE CELLS INVITROGEN #1
  • 11.
    20x_LilyAnther_Fluro_RGB.jpg 20091123 /Nikon2/20x ; R: 47ms/ 79/ 0.94/ 3,310 G: 41ms/ 95/ 0.67/3,054 B:392ms/159/0.51/2,830 SPECIMEN (B) NIKON, FLUORESENCE
  • 12.
    FM_lycopodiumCaptured_FluoroRGBnDIC_20x_2.jpg 20091123 /Nikon2/20x ; DIC: 20ms/ 79/ 0.94/ 3,310 R: 47ms/ 79/ 0.94/ 3,310 G: 41ms/ 95/ 0.67/3,054 B:392ms/159/0.51/2,830 SPECIMEN (C) NIKON, FLUORESENCE + DIC
  • 13.
    SPECIMEN (F) Typha_10x_Composite_001_RGB_Adj20091207 /Nikon2 /10x ; DIC: 73ms/ 1,503/ 0.95/ 4,095 R: 97ms/ 79/ 0.63/ 4,095 G: 200ms/ 239/ 0.95/4,095 B:500ms/223/0.77/4,095 COMPOSITE CHANNEL: RED CHANNEL: GREEN CHANNEL: BLUE NIKON, FLUORESCENSE (3 CHANNELS + OVERLAY)
  • 14.
    Pollen Grain: Abutilonx hybridium @ 20x EM Channel: Green Exp: 96.7ms Gain:7.1 Offset: -876 EM Channel: Red Exp: 96.7ms Gain:7.1 Offset: -876 EM Channel: (BF) Exp: 16.7ms Gain: 4.5 Offset: -161 Composite OLYMPUS, OWN SPECIMEN, FLUORO OVERLAY + 3 CHANNELS
  • 15.
    fm__pseudocolor_lycopod_20x_CompositeRGBnDIC.jpg SPECIMEN (D)20091207 /Nikon2 /20x ; “R”: 13ms/ 159/ 0.51/ 2,830 “G”: 6.6ms/ 159/ 0.51/ 2,830 “B”: 12.0ms/ 159/ 0.51/ 2,830 NIKON, BRIGHTFIELD (3 CHANNEL PSEUDO-COLORIZATION)
  • 16.
    Multichannel _Shrimp_Pseudocolor2_RGB.jpg SPECIMEN(E) 20091118 /Nikon4 /20x ; R: --ms/ --/ --/ -- G: --ms/ --/ --/ -- --B: ms/ --/ --/ -- Note: metadata not logged NIKON, BRIGHTFIELD (3 CHANNEL PSEUDO-COLORIZATION)
  • 17.
    Cilia PSCCE CellsBasal Lamina Pseudo Stratified Ciliated Columnar Epithelial Cross section: area 3 image Cilia Basal Lamina Nucleus Cilia (Apparent Stratification) Exp. 500.7ms Hist: 79/252 Gamma: 0.99 Auto_exp: OFF Gain: 3.1x 2009.10.01 Leica #2 60x (dry) Nucleolus { } LEICA, BRIGHTFIELD
  • 18.
    PSCCE Cells CellMembrane Cilia (Apparent Stratification) Nuclei Basal Lamina LEICA, BRIGHTFIELD 48 BitDepth: 20 / 255 Histogram: On Auto_Exp? 0.97 Gamma: 2009-10-07 DateImage: 53 % Brightness: 2.2 x Gain: 1.0 s Exposure:
  • 19.
    ZEISS, DIC FM_INVT4_A1_DIC-0005.JPG20091209 /ZEISS 1 /20x ; DIC : EXP 69ms/ CT -0.50 / GAMMA 1.0 / BRT 1.0
  • 20.
    Interphase Metaphase AnaphaseTelophase Prophase RESULTS: DIGITAL COUNT DETAIL – FIELD OF VIEW A: Onion Root Tip Meta Data Scope: Olympus 3 (A) 10x, rheo: full Iris ~ 30% 1.1 ms 2.8 gain -1,860 offset Note: Manual count done at 20x on Olympus3 OLYMPUS, MORPHOMETRY
  • 21.
    OLYMPUS, OWN SPECIMEN,Phase Contrast
  • 22.
    4x 10x 20xArea Hunt B : Same Field of View at different magnifications: comparison of gross tissue structure/features and unique “target” reference point (marked with * ) * * * * These different Field of View images are representative of the reference sketches I made…
  • 23.
    Project Marvelous Motorization:Montage (Yucca Stem c.s.) denotes stitch line Montage is 6 x 4 frames Red Nikon, 4x, exp. = 750 ų s, B/W level: 35/3900
  • 24.
    Project Marvelous Motorization:Montage (C. elegans) denotes stitch line Montage is 2 x 1 frames Red Nikon, 20x, DIC w/ ¼ wave plate in, exp. = 10ms, B/W level: 495/4095
  • 25.
    Own Buccal Cellscells stained with ER Tracker, : max projection of 66 slice Z-stack Leica SP5 Confocal: Lily Anther Pollen, FITC channel
  • 26.
    Buccal Cells Series013 – ER Tracker, Max Projection 54 slice Z-stck, 3.7 zoom factor Note: peri-nuclear staining differences Peri-nuclear membrane staining with apparent channels / invaginations showing
  • 27.
    Buccal Cells –ER Tracker, Max Projection 33 slice Z-stck Note: peri-nuclear staining differences Dead cells? RER? SER?
  • 28.
    Z stack: sliceseries (C. elegans) Nikon, 63x oil, Z-series: 21steps @ 0.6ų/step DAPI channel exp. = 1s, B/W level: 123/3013
  • 29.
    Z stack: Max.Projection (C. elegans) Nikon , 63x oil, Projection of Z-series: 21steps @ 0.6ų/step DAPI channel exp. = 1s, B/W level: 123/3013
  • 30.
    Z stack: 3Dsurface representation (C. elegans) Nikon , 63x oil, 3d rep. of Z-series: 21steps @ 0.6ų/step DAPI channel exp. = 1s, B/W level: 123/3013
  • 31.
    C. elegans onZeiss 710 (63x oil, Max projection – 32 slice Area showing meitotic divisions in sperm formation: capsules around sperm were the structure of interest in the study)
  • 32.
    Project SS: C.elegans on Zeiss 710 (63x oil, max projection 17 slice) Area near tail of male c. elegans showing spicuola
  • 33.
    CONFOCAL: C. eleganson Zeiss 710 (63x oil)
  • 34.
    C. elegans onLeica SP5 Slice 37 of 87 from z stack (MetaData at end of presentation)
  • 35.
    Leica SD Confocal: Lily Anther Pollen, Max projection overlay (eGFP,TxRed)
  • 36.
    Leica SD Confocal:Lily Anther Pollen, eGFP channel: max projection
  • 37.
    Project SD: LilyAnther Pollen, view of all Z slices: screen shot
  • 38.
    Frame 1 @0.33sec Frame 2 @ 0.67sec Frame 3 @ 1.00sec Frame 4 @ 1.33sec Frame 5 @ 1.67sec Frame 6 @ 2.00sec Frame 7 @ 2.33sec Frame 8 @ 2.67sec Frame 9 @ 3.00sec Frame 10 @ 3.33sec Frame | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | Lambda Scan from 550-610nm: Image Series above correlate to each wavelength/intensity reading in chart/graph to right Structure is fibroblast actin labeled with Alexa Fluor 488: weaker, post-peak EM signal
  • 39.
    Original Separation 1Separation 2 Dye Separation Series: 3 channels, Auto- separate, weak strength Original
  • 40.
    SP5 Confocal: Mark/FindFunction: 3 random x,y,z coordinates identified & recaptured later Top row series: manual images before defining xyz positions with “Mark” function Bottom row series: Auto images captured with “Find” function by recalled xyz positions
  • 41.
    Morphometry Project: Comparisonof Manual counts in NIS Elements vs Image Pro DAPI Channel Manual Counts Vs Image Pro Variance Comparison FOV 1 FOV 2 FOV 3 FOV 4 FOV 1 count = 27 FOV 2 count = 18 FOV 3 count = 15 (net13) FOV 4 count = 14 Counted as 3 vs 1 (+2) Counted as 1 vs 0 (+1) Counted as 1 vs 2 <same> Not Counted vs 2 (+2)