The document summarizes C.S. Lewis's analysis of the four main types of love - affection, friendship, eros, and charity - as discussed in his book The Four Loves. Lewis states that these four loves are based on the four Greek words for love. He argues that just as Lucifer fell from grace through pride, so too can love become corrupt if it presumes itself to be something it's not. The document then provides further details on Lewis's perspective for each type of love - affection being natural familial love, friendship being a freely chosen bond, eros being romantic love, and charity being unconditional love that must subordinate the other loves.
How does Markus Zusak use colour to illustrate how Death is "haunted by humans"?Latifah S
International Baccalaureate Extended Essay
Group 1 English (Category 1)
Based on Markus Zusak's 'The Book Thief'
May 2014 exams
This essay got 35/36 as its final mark
This essay is for reference only for future IBDP candidates, please do not plagiarise. Copyright is with me.
How does Markus Zusak use colour to illustrate how Death is "haunted by humans"?Latifah S
International Baccalaureate Extended Essay
Group 1 English (Category 1)
Based on Markus Zusak's 'The Book Thief'
May 2014 exams
This essay got 35/36 as its final mark
This essay is for reference only for future IBDP candidates, please do not plagiarise. Copyright is with me.
This is the updated version of the lecture I give to my biology students each year on Valentine's Day. Please leave me a comment if you enjoyed it. If you download it for your own use, please leave me a comment telling me how you will be using it.
Invited talk at the European Research Council-Brussels (Scientific Seminar, 12 April 2013): "Love for Science or 'academic prostitution'". In this talk I present a personal revision (sometimes my own vision) of some issues that I consider key for doing Science. It was focused on the expected audience, mainly Scientific Officers with background in different fields of science and scholarship, but also Agency staff.
Abstract: In a recent Special issue of Nature concerning Science Metrics it was claimed that " Research reverts to a kind of 'academic prostitution' in which work is done to please editors and referees rather than to further knowledge."If this is true, funding agencies should try to avoid falling into the trap of their own system. By perpetuating this 'prostitution' they risk not funding the best research but funding the best sold research.
Given the current epoch of economical crisis, where in a quest for funds researchers are forced into competitive game of pandering to panelists, its seems a good time for deep reflection about the entire scientific system.
With this talk I aim to provoke extra critical thinking among the committees who select evaluators, and among the evaluators, who in turn require critical thinking to the candidates when selecting excellent science.
I will present some initiatives (e.g. new tracers of impact for the Web era- 'altmetrics'), and on-going projects (e.g. how to move from publishing advertising to publishing knowledge), that might enable us to favor Science over marketing.
What actually is love from a scientific point of view? In the field of neurochemistry and neuropsychiatry love is explained by 8 different chemicals your body produces.
This is the updated version of the lecture I give to my biology students each year on Valentine's Day. Please leave me a comment if you enjoyed it. If you download it for your own use, please leave me a comment telling me how you will be using it.
Invited talk at the European Research Council-Brussels (Scientific Seminar, 12 April 2013): "Love for Science or 'academic prostitution'". In this talk I present a personal revision (sometimes my own vision) of some issues that I consider key for doing Science. It was focused on the expected audience, mainly Scientific Officers with background in different fields of science and scholarship, but also Agency staff.
Abstract: In a recent Special issue of Nature concerning Science Metrics it was claimed that " Research reverts to a kind of 'academic prostitution' in which work is done to please editors and referees rather than to further knowledge."If this is true, funding agencies should try to avoid falling into the trap of their own system. By perpetuating this 'prostitution' they risk not funding the best research but funding the best sold research.
Given the current epoch of economical crisis, where in a quest for funds researchers are forced into competitive game of pandering to panelists, its seems a good time for deep reflection about the entire scientific system.
With this talk I aim to provoke extra critical thinking among the committees who select evaluators, and among the evaluators, who in turn require critical thinking to the candidates when selecting excellent science.
I will present some initiatives (e.g. new tracers of impact for the Web era- 'altmetrics'), and on-going projects (e.g. how to move from publishing advertising to publishing knowledge), that might enable us to favor Science over marketing.
What actually is love from a scientific point of view? In the field of neurochemistry and neuropsychiatry love is explained by 8 different chemicals your body produces.
Theme of love and mysticism in English and Pakistani poetry with reference to...Premier Publishers
The original concept of love may differ from person to person as well as society to society and culture to culture. It can be interpreted differently. Love is a remarkable thing which has bounded the society and the people always to each other. Mysticism would best be assumption of as a gathering of individual practices, sermons, scripts, institutes, societies, and familiarities aimed at human alteration, variously defined in different traditions. The person is known as William James which has tried to clear the concept of mysticism. The research will find out how the works of two different poets living in different continents and having opposite cultural backgrounds are addressing the same ideas and incorporating similar notions about mysticism and love. This study is devised out of curiosity weather William Wordsworth and Ameer Hamza Shinwari’s poetry contains the elements of mysticism and love. This study tries to see the different dimension of his work and give the proper and the required conclusion.
An Essay On Love. 001 Do People Really Fall In Love Essay Sample Essays On T...Michelle Wang
Essay on Love | Love Essay for Students and Children in English - A .... Love Is an Emotion Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays .... essay examples: essay about love.
The word "love" can have a variety of related but distinct meanings in different contexts. Many other languages use multiple words to express some of the different concepts that in English are denoted as "love"; one example is the plurality of Greek concepts for "love" (agape, eros, philia, storge) .[13] Cultural differences in conceptualizing love thus doubly impede the establishment of a universal definition.[14]
Although the nature or essence of love is a subject of frequent debate, different aspects of the word can be clarified by determining what isn't love (antonyms of "love"). Love as a general expression of positive sentiment (a stronger form of like) is commonly contrasted with hate (or neutral apathy). As a less-sexual and more-emotionally intimate form of romantic attachment, love is commonly contrasted with lust. As an interpersonal relationship with romantic overtones, love is sometimes contrasted with friendship, although the word love is often applied to close friendships or platonic love. (Further possible ambiguities come with usages "girlfriend", "boyfriend", "just good friends"
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptxRaedMohamed3
An EFL lesson about the current events in Palestine. It is intended to be for intermediate students who wish to increase their listening skills through a short lesson in power point.
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Embracing GenAI - A Strategic ImperativePeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
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Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
1. The Four Loves
In his remaining four chapters, Lewis treats of love under four categories ("the highest does not stand
without the lowest"), based in part on the four Greek words for love: affection, friendship, eros, and
charity. Lewis states that just as Lucifer—a former archangel—perverted himself by pride and fell into
depravity, so too can love—commonly held to be the arch-emotion—become corrupt by presuming itself
to be what it is not.
A fictional treatment of these loves is the main theme of Lewis's novel Till We Have Faces.
Storge – affection
Affection (storge, στοργή) is fondness through familiarity (a brotherly love), especially between family
members or people who have otherwise found themselves together by chance. It is described as the
most natural, emotive, and widely diffused of loves: natural in that it is present without coercion; emotive
because it is the result of fondness due to familiarity; and most widely diffused because it pays the least
attention to those characteristics deemed "valuable" or worthy of love and, as a result, is able to
transcend most discriminating factors.
Affection, for Lewis, included both Need-love and Gift-love; he considered it responsible for 9/10th of all
solid and lasting human happiness.
[8]
Ironically, however, affection's strength is also what makes it vulnerable. Affection has the appearance of
being "built-in" or "ready made", says Lewis, and as a result people come to expect it irrespective of their
behavior and its natural consequences.
[9]
Both in its Need and its Gift form, affection then is liable to 'go
bad', and to be corrupted by such forces as jealousy, ambivalence and smothering.
[10]
Phileo – friendship
Phileo (Greek: υιλία) is the love between friends. Friendship is the strong bond existing between people
who share common interest or activity.
[11]
Lewis immediately differentiates Friendship Love from the other
Loves. He describes friendship as, "the least biological, organic, instinctive, gregarious and
necessary...the least natural of loves"
[12]
- our species does not need friendship in order to reproduce - but
to the classical and medieval worlds the more profound precisely because it is freely chosen.
Lewis explains that true friendships, like the friendship between David and Jonathan in the Bible, are
almost a lost art. He expresses a strong distaste for the way modern society ignores friendship. He notes
that he cannot remember any poem that celebrated true friendship like that between David and
Jonathan, Orestes and Pylades, Roland and Oliver, Amis and Amiles. Lewis goes on to say, "to the
Ancients, Friendship seemed the happiest and most fully human of all loves; the crown of life and the
school of virtue. The modern world, in comparison, ignores it".
Growing out of Companionship, friendship for Lewis was a deeply Appreciative love, though one which he
felt few people in modern society could value at its worth, because so few actually experienced true
friendship.
[13]
Nevertheless Lewis was not blind to the dangers of friendships, such as its potential for cliqueyness, anti-
authoritarianism, and pride.
[14]
2. Eros – romance
Eros (ἔ ρως) for Lewis was love in the sense of 'being in love' or 'loving' someone, as opposed to the raw
sexuality of what he called Venus: the illustration Lewis uses was the distinction between 'wanting a
woman' and wanting one particular woman - something that matched his (classical) view of man as
a rational animal, a composite both of reasoning angel and instinctual alley-cat.
[15]
Eros turns the need-pleasure of Venus into the most appreciative of all pleasures;
[16]
but nevertheless
Lewis warned against the modern tendency for Eros to become a god to people who fully submit
themselves to it, a justification for selfishness, even a phallic religion.
[17]
After exploring sexual activity and its spiritual significance in both a pagan and a Christian sense, he
notes how Eros (or being in love) is in itself an indifferent, neutral force: how "Eros in all his
splendour...may urge to evil as well as good".
[18]
While accepting that Eros can be an extremely profound
experience, he does not overlook the dark way it may lead even to the point of suicide pacts or murder,
as well as to furious refusals to part, "mercilessly chaining together two mutual tormentors, each raw all
over with the poison of hate-in-love".
[19]
Agape – unconditional love
Charity (agapē, ἀ γάπη) is the love that brings forth caring regardless of the circumstance. Lewis
recognizes this as the greatest of loves, and sees it as a specifically Christian virtue. The chapter on the
subject focuses on the need of subordinating the natural loves - as Lewis puts it, "The natural loves are
not self-sufficient"
[20]
- to the love of God, who is full of charitable love, to prevent what he termed their
'demonic' self-aggrandisement.
[21]