1) The document discusses various options for eco-friendly and natural air fresheners as alternatives to traditional toxic air fresheners. 2) It recommends making your own air fresheners using essential oils or using other natural methods like baking soda, herbs, or houseplants. 3) Proper ventilation and opening windows is also suggested as the simplest way to naturally freshen indoor air.

1. Environment
Non linear Text 1
Read the information on air fresheners below. Then, answer questions (a)-(i)
Fighting odours with earth-friendly and organic air fresheners is safer for people and pets, and
healthier for the planet, too.
Why Traditional Air Fresheners Should be Avoided
Toxic air fresheners rarely do the job they're supposed to do. Instead of breaking down or
neutralising odours, they simply mask them. Worse still, many air fresheners contain nerve-
deadening chemicals that cause headaches and nausea or aggravate asthma.
Shopping for Eco-Friendly Options
Finding plant-based air fresheners these days is fairly easy, and they offer a variety of earth-
friendly benefits. Greener options come in non-aerosol sprays and are biodegradable. Most eco-
friendly odour-eliminating products also shun animal testing and utilize recyclable packaging.
Pesticide-free lavender and citrus essential oils are most often used in organic air fresheners.
Making Natural Air Fresheners
Another way to avoid introducing toxins into your home is to make your own air freshener. FiJi a
spray bottle with purified or distilled water and add several drops of an organic essential oil, like
lemon, orange and lavender.
More Ways to Clear the Air
The simplest, most effective way to freshen the air inside your home is to open the windows, but
you might also set small dishes of baking soda or vinegar throughout the house to absorb
offensive odours. Simmering spices such as clove and cinnamon in a saucepan filled with water,
knocks out cooking odours and adds a delicious aroma to the air. Tucking organic herb sachets
throughout the house leaves a subtle fragrance. Another natural way to freshen your space is to
nurture your green thumb; houseplants significantly improve indoor air quality by removing
carbon dioxide and other toxins.

2. Questions (a) - (d):
Based on the information, state whether the following statements are TRUE or FALSE.
(a) Fighting odours with organic air fresheners is safer for people and pets. ______________
(b) We should use traditional air fresheners. _______________
(c) Finding plant-based air fresheners is quite easy these days. _______________
(d) Another way to avoid introducing toxins into your home is _______________
to make your own air fresheners.
Questions (e)-(i):
Read the information carefully and answer the questions below
(e) Why should we avoid traditional air fresheners?
______________________________________________________________________________
(f) What do organic air fresheners contain?
______________________________________________________________________________
(g) Fill in the table with an appropriate phrase from the text.
Meaning Phrase
i. disguise them
ii. make the asthmatic condition worse _______________________________________
(h) How are the greener options of the air fresheners packaged?
______________________________________________________________________________
(i) What is another way to avoid introducing toxins in your home?
______________________________________________________________________________

3. (j) Your friend wants to learn how to freshen the air in his apartment the natural way. In about 50
words, email to your friend on how to do this. In your email:
• encourage him to use eco-friendly options
• give reasons to support your choice
• add other relevant information to make your writing interesting

4. Non-linear text 2
Read the pamphlet given below. Then, answer questions (a)-(i).
What is compost?
Compost is a combination of decomposed plant and animal materials and other organic materials that are being
decomposed largely through aerobic decomposition into a rich black soil.
Why compost?
• Compost replenishes soil with organic matter (humus) which improves texture, nutrient content,moisture retention
and encourages micro-organism activity and plant growth.
• Compost is good for the environment. It is a simple, cost-effective and natural way of recycling organic kitchen
and garden waste.
• A valuable resource is conserved.
Compost Methods
• Compost heap - a pile of material, covered with carpet or polythene
• Compost bin - buy a plastic bin or make your own from timber or concrete blocks. For large gardens use several
bins at once
• Rotating drum - turn regularly to mix the composting material and provide oxygen
• Trenching - for big gardens,bury kitchen rubbish in trenches in your garden, cover with a good amount of soil and
plant on top
• Bokashi - great for apartment dwellers, small gardens. This systemferments kitchen waste in an airtight double
bucket.
• Worm farm - worms help the composting process
Materials you can compost
There are two types of organic material you can include in a compost heap - greens and browns.
Precautions
Compost and soil contain living organisms that can cause illness and allergies in humans. For this reason, it is
important to take the following precautions:
• Wash your hands after handling soil or compost
• Avoid confined spaces for handling soil or compost
• Keep compost moist to prevent spores and dust problems

5. Questions (a) - (d):
Based on the pamphlet, state whether the following statements are TRUE or FALSE.
(a) Compost replenishes soil with organic matter. _______________
(b) Composting is an expensive way of recycling waste. _______________
(c) Worms help the composting process. _______________
(d) Wash your hands after handling soil or compost. _______________
Questions (e)-(i):
Read the pamphlet carefully and answer the questions below.
(e) Why must we turn the rotating drum regularly when composting material?
______________________________________________________________________________
(f) Which is the best way to compost material in an apartment?
______________________________________________________________________________
(g) Fill in the table with an appropriate phrase from the pamphlet.
Meaning Phrase
i. saving money
ii. decomposes food scraps _________________________________
(h) Name one way to protect the person from harmful organisms in the compost.
_____________________________________________________________________________
(i) Name an example of a green material that you can include in a compost heap.
______________________________________________________________________________

6. (j) Your friend, Adam, has asked for your advice on how to do composting in his garden. In
about 50 words, write an email to him. In your email:
• tell him the compost method
• give reasons to support your choice
• add other relevant information to make your writing interesting

7. Non linear text 3
Read the notice below. Then, answer questions (a)-(j).

8. Questions (a) - (d): Based on the notice, state whether the following statements are TRUE or
FALSE
(a) The notice is for scuba divers. _______________
(b) Dead coral can be collected and brought home. _______________
(c) Litter is not harmful to marine life. _______________
(d) Coral reefs are important in the undersea ecosystem. _______________
Questions (e) - (i): Read the provided information carefully and answer the questions below,
(e) Other than scuba divers, who else should observe the proper reef etiquette?
_____________________________________________________________________________
(f) What happens when you stand on coral?
______________________________________________________________________________
(g) Fill in the table with an appropriate word from the text.
Meaning Word
(i) weak and easily hurt
(ii) an object which floats on
the sea
_____________________
(h) Where will you likely find this notice?
______________________________________________________________________________
(i) Why must we observe the reef etiquette?
______________________________________________________________________________

9. (j) Your friend is going for a scuba diving session in Pulau Payar, Langkawi. You would like to
inform him/her to observe the reef etiquette.
In about 50 words, write an email to him/her.
In your email:
• your reason for writing
• the proper reef etiquette
• add other relevant details to make your e-mail interesting

10. Non linear text 4
Read the travel brochure below. Then, answer questions (a)-(j).
NATURAL WONDERS OF MALAYSIA
DEER CAVE
Locateci in Mulu National Park, this world's largest cave passage is over 2 kilometre long and 174 metre
high. Two to three million bats from over 12 different species live here.
MOUNT KINABALU
This is the highest mountain in Malaysia and is part of the Kinabalu Park. It is a haven for unique and
beautiful plants. Apart from conquering the mountain, you get to see oaks, chestnuts and laurels trees.
There are also many varieties of orchids and pitcher-plants around the park.
MANGROVES
These trees grow along coastlines and help prevent erosion. They can adapt to the changing mix of salt
water and fresh water. Mangroves are an important sanctuary for various species of animals that live
among their roots. Mangrove swamps can be found in Langkawi Island, Bako National Park and Kuching
Wetlands National Park.
RAFFLESIA
This parasite flower is up to one meter in diameter but does not have any roots, leaves or stem, if that
doesn't make it unique, here is another fascinating fact. It only blooms for three to five days before it rots.
The best place to see the world's largest flower is in Gunung Gading National Park in Sarawak. You can
also head to Taman Negara or other parks in East Malaysia to see them.
ENDANGERED TURTLES
There are seven types of turtle species in the world and amazingly, four of them are found in Malaysia.
The hawksbill and the green turtle nest within the Turtle Islands National Park in Sabah. These species
as well as the olive Ridley and the giant leatherback can be found in the waters off Peninsular Malaysia, if
diving is your passion, head to Redang Island to see green and hawksbill turtles as well as colourful
corals and tropical fish.
Questions (a) - (d): Based on the brochure, state whether the following statements are TRUE or FALSE.
(a) Mulu National Park is the largest national park in the world. _______________
(b) Many species of orchids can be found in Gunung Gading National Park. _______________
(c) Mangrove trees can only be found along certain coastlines of East Malaysia. _______________
(d) Diving enthusiasts may spot green turtles in Pulau Redang. _______________

11. Questions (e) - (i): Read the brochure carefully and answer the questions below.
(e) What does the word They refer to?
______________________________________________________________________________
(f)Where can tourists go to see turtles nesting?
______________________________________________________________________________
(g) Fill in the table with an appropriate word from the brochure.
Meaning Word
i. a place that is safe and peaceful
ii. produces flowers ______________________
(h) What is another fascinating fact' about the rafflesia?
______________________________________________________________________________
(i) Why are mangrove trees important to the ecosystem?
______________________________________________________________________________
(j) You plan to visit one of the country's wonders and would like to invite your friend to join you.
Complete the message below.
In your message:
• state the place you plan to visit
• give reasons to support your choice
• add other relevant information to make your writing interesting