BASED ON NCERT BOOK CLASS X We share this planet with millions of other living beings, starting from micro-organisms and bacteria, lichens to banyan trees, elephants and blue whales. This entire habitat that we live in has immense biodiversity. We humans along with all living organisms form a complex web of ecological system in which we are only a part and very much dependent on this system for our own existence. For example, the plants, animals and micro-organisms re-create the quality of the air we breathe, the water we drink and the soil that produces our food without which we cannot survive. Forests play a key role in the ecological system as these are also the primary producers on which all other living beings depend.

1. FOREST AND WILDLIFE
Biodiversity or Biological Diversity Flora and Fauna in India.
Vanishing Forests.
Asiatic Cheetah: Where did they go?
The Himalayan Yew in trouble.
Conservation of forest and wildlife in India Project Tiger.
Types and distribution of forests and wildlife resources.
Community and Conservation
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2. IMPORTANCE OF BIO DIVERSITY
FOREST PLAY KEY
ROLE
Complex
web of
ecological
system
Plant animals
micro organism
recreates
quality
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3. FLORA AND FAUNA IN INDIA
• India is one of the world’s richest countries in
terms of its vast array of biological diversity.
10% Wild flora
20% of its
mammals
threatened list
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4. CLASSIFICATION OF SPECIES
BASIS OF ITS CONSERVATION
• cattle,
sal, pine,
rodents,
etc.
Normal
Species
•black buck,
crocodile,
Indian
rhino, wild
ass
Endangered
Species
•Blue sheep,
Asiatic
elephant,
Gangetic
dolphin,
etc.
Vulnerable
Species
• Himalayan
brown
bear,
desert fox
and
hornbill
etc
Rare Species
•Andaman
teal, Nicobar
pigeon,
Andaman
wild pig etc
Endemic
Species
• Asiatic
cheetah,
pink
head
duck etc
Extinct Species
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5. CAUSES
OF
DEPLETION
Colonial
Period
Expansion of
agriculture
Deforestation
and
urbanization
Large scale
development
and river
valley
projects
Mining
Overgrazing
and fuel
collection
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6. Causes of Decline of Indian Biodiversity
•Unequal access and consumption of resources
•Habitat destruction
•Hunting
•Poaching
•Over population
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7. EFFECTS ON SOCIAL LIFE
Biological
loss
Cultural loss
Health
problems to
women
Drought and
deforestation
induce flood
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8. CHEC POINT 01 (G2)
1. Explain different categories of existing
species based on International Union for
Conservation of Nature and Natural
resources.
2. What is biodiversity? Why is biodiversity
important for human lives?

9. CONSERVATION
FOREST & WILDLIFE
National Wildlife Protection
Programme
Publishing all India
protected species list
Implementation of Indian
Wildlife Act 1972
Banning hunting practices
and legal protection to
habitat
Establishment of wildlife
parks and sanctuaries
Several projects for
endangered species
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10. TYPES AND DISTRIBUTION OF FOREST
Reserved
Forests
• J&K,
Andhra,
Uttarakhand
, TN, WB and
Maharashtra
Protected
Forests
• Bihar,
Haryana,
Punjab,
Himachal,
Odisha,
Rajasthan
Unclassed
Forests
• North
Eastern
states,
Gujarat
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11. CHECK POINT 02 (G2)
1. How have human activities affected the depletion of flora and
fauna? Explain.
2. Match the following.
Reserved forests other forests and wastelands belonging to
both government and private individuals and
communities
Protected forests forests are regarded as most valuable as far as
the conservation of forest and wildlife
resources
Unclassed forests forest lands are protected from any further
depletion

12. CONSERVATION
STRATEGIES
NATURE
WORSHIP
(SACRED
GROVES)
STRUGGLE OF
LOCAL
COMMUNITIES
IN SARISKA TIGER
RESEVE AND
LOCAL FIGHTING
AGAINST MINING
IN RAJASTHAN
BHAIRODEV
DAKAV
SONCHORI
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13. Chipko Movt- Himalayas
(Deforestation)
Beej Bachao Andolan (tehri)
Navdanya Crop production without
synthetic fertilizers
Joint Forest Management
Management and restoration of
forest
Joint Forest Management (Odisha)
Involvement of local communities
CONSERVATION MOVEMENT
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14. ASSIGNMENT 01(G2)
1. Multiple choice questions.
(i) Which of these statements is not a valid reason for the
depletion of flora and fauna?
(a) Agricultural expansion.
(b) Large scale developmental projects.
(c) Grazing and fuel wood collection.
(d) Rapid industrialisation and urbanisation.
(ii) Which of the following conservation strategies do not directly
involve community participation?
(a) Joint forest management
(b) Chipko Movement
(c) Beej Bachao Andolan
(d) Demarcation of Wildlife sanctuaries

15. 3 . Answer the following questions in about 30
words.
(i) Describe how communities have conserved
and protected forests and wildlife in India?
(ii) Write a note on good practices towards
conserving forest and wildlife