On November 21, 1983 and July 31, 1986 Colin Pitchfork raped and murdered two girls in Narborough, Leicestershire. Lynda Mann, who was 15 years old left her home one evening to visit her friend’s house and did not return. The next morning she was found on a deserted footpath known locally as the black pad raped and murdered. Taken from the crime scene, semen found was later tested which shown the person had type A blood.
On July 31, 1986 Dawn Ashworth, 15 years old took a shortcut instead of taking her normal route home, two days later was found in a wooded area near a footpath called ten pound lane raped and murdered. In the same position as Lynda Mann, a semen sample was taken from Dawn and tested. The modus operandi matched that of the first attack, and semen samples revealed the same blood type.
The first criminal caught using DNA fingerprinting (England), using the DNA profiling method published in 1985 by Sir Alec Jeffrey’s.
Richard Buckland became the first person in the world to be exonerated of murder through the use of DNA profiling.
Forensic techniques and crime scene investigationHumnaSaif1
introduction to Forensic Science
Different forensic Techniques
1. Hair Analysis
2. Luminol Spray
3.chemicals used in fingerprinting
4.ALS
5. See through
6. Ferro Trace
7. Nin Plus Ultra
8.NASA
9.DNA Sequencer
10. polygraph test
11. brain fingerprinting
12. DNA Phenotyping
13.mobile forensic
THE MURDER MYSTERY OF CARLIE JANE BRUCIA
Murderer
Suspect
the STORY
the investigation
Forensic techniques and crime scene investigationHumnaSaif1
introduction to Forensic Science
Different forensic Techniques
1. Hair Analysis
2. Luminol Spray
3.chemicals used in fingerprinting
4.ALS
5. See through
6. Ferro Trace
7. Nin Plus Ultra
8.NASA
9.DNA Sequencer
10. polygraph test
11. brain fingerprinting
12. DNA Phenotyping
13.mobile forensic
THE MURDER MYSTERY OF CARLIE JANE BRUCIA
Murderer
Suspect
the STORY
the investigation
“Mobile Forensic Van” (MFV) (Big/Small) is being launched by Gujarat
Forensic Sciences University (GFSU) and Helik Advisory Ltd which helps
in reaching the crime scene at the earliest to assist the Investigating
Officers (IOs) in identifying and collecting relevant forensic evidence
from crime scene, victims & from suspects which are the primary
sources of forensic evidence. The Mobile Forensic Team assists the
Investigating Officer in linking the crime with the perpetrator through
the forensic evidence, collected from the crime scene, victims and
suspects.
It is the beginning point for obtaining evidence which will be used by the crime scene investigator and the forensic expert
A thorough investigation of the crime scene must be completed
Crime scene is basically a scene of occurrence of crime. It is a place where a particular crime has been committed.
It is starting point for the investigator.
Fingerprints are an impression or mark made on a surface by a person's fingertip, able to be used for identifying individuals from the unique pattern of whorls and lines on the fingertips. These are one of the most important evidences found on the scene of crime and if processed carefully can help to identify and individualize the culprit within short time...
Portrait Parle via Bertillon System By G S ShaktawatG.S Shaktawat
The individualization of the human is very hard thing from the ages. People had done or invented certain ways for the proper individualization of the person. The Bertillon System is the first anthropological technique for individualization invented by Sir Bertillon.
This PPT contains the content mainly from the history to the decline of the Bertillon system. And the center point of the PPT is the Portrait Parle or Bertillonage.
this is used in crime investigators for finding the evidences where there is lack of availability of evidence. some cells that was peeled off from our any parts of body will be seen in the crime scene and it is possible to find these kind of evidence form the crime scene.
“Mobile Forensic Van” (MFV) (Big/Small) is being launched by Gujarat
Forensic Sciences University (GFSU) and Helik Advisory Ltd which helps
in reaching the crime scene at the earliest to assist the Investigating
Officers (IOs) in identifying and collecting relevant forensic evidence
from crime scene, victims & from suspects which are the primary
sources of forensic evidence. The Mobile Forensic Team assists the
Investigating Officer in linking the crime with the perpetrator through
the forensic evidence, collected from the crime scene, victims and
suspects.
It is the beginning point for obtaining evidence which will be used by the crime scene investigator and the forensic expert
A thorough investigation of the crime scene must be completed
Crime scene is basically a scene of occurrence of crime. It is a place where a particular crime has been committed.
It is starting point for the investigator.
Fingerprints are an impression or mark made on a surface by a person's fingertip, able to be used for identifying individuals from the unique pattern of whorls and lines on the fingertips. These are one of the most important evidences found on the scene of crime and if processed carefully can help to identify and individualize the culprit within short time...
Portrait Parle via Bertillon System By G S ShaktawatG.S Shaktawat
The individualization of the human is very hard thing from the ages. People had done or invented certain ways for the proper individualization of the person. The Bertillon System is the first anthropological technique for individualization invented by Sir Bertillon.
This PPT contains the content mainly from the history to the decline of the Bertillon system. And the center point of the PPT is the Portrait Parle or Bertillonage.
this is used in crime investigators for finding the evidences where there is lack of availability of evidence. some cells that was peeled off from our any parts of body will be seen in the crime scene and it is possible to find these kind of evidence form the crime scene.
ART 125 Week 1 Individual AssignmentWrite a 700- to 1,050-word p.docxdavezstarr61655
ART 125 Week 1 Individual Assignment
Write a 700- to 1,050-word paper on how art reflects the society in which it was made that responds to the following:
What image of America was communicated by the innovations and buildings presented at the 1883 Chicago's World Fair? How was this image communicated?
How and why was the art produced by the Ashcan School different from that of the Gilded Age? To what changes in social history were artists reacting?
How is art a reflection of society? Explain with at least two examples to illustrate the relationship between art and society. These two examples may be from the text or of your own selection. Discuss the subject or theme of your selected works.
Format your paper according to appropriate course level APA guidelines.
Witness ID: The Story of Kirk Bloodsworth
Former death row inmate becomes Exhibit A for how eyes can lie—-Kirk Bloodsworth, the first American death row inmate to be exonerated by DNA evidence, fights to reform eyewitness IDs
“Give him the gas and kill his ass!”
That was the first thing Kirk Bloodsworth heard amid the eruption in the courtroom after the verdict came back that found him guilty on all counts.
“I can hear ‘em snickering and laughing,” Bloodsworth remembered. “And everybody thought they had the right man – police department, prosecutor’s office, most of the people … thought they had the man.”
They had reason to think so. Multiple eyewitnesses had spotted Bloodsworth at the scene of the crime – at least they believed they had. According to studies dating back to the 1930s, eyewitness misidentification is the most common element in all wrongful convictions. And after nine years in prison, Bloodsworth became the first American on death row exonerated by DNA, and Exhibit A for this central weakness of the criminal justice system.
‘Step outside’
Before prison changed everything, Bloodsworth’s story was a simple one. It began on Maryland’s Eastern Shore, where he grew up fishing and crabbing, just like his father and his father’s father. Bloodsworth had left the waterman life briefly to serve as a Marine. He was honorably discharged, and never had any brushes with the law.
That is, until the early hours of Aug. 9, 1984. Sound asleep at his cousin’s home in Cambridge, Md., Bloodsworth heard pounding on the door. When he opened it, flashlights were glaring and pistols were drawn.
“Step outside, Mr. Bloodsworth,” he recalled one of the policemen at the door saying. “You’re under arrest for 1st-degree murder of Dawn Venisha Hamilton, you son of a bitch.”
A woman had seen on TV a sketch of a suspect in the brutal rape and murder of a 9-year-old girl outside Baltimore, and thought it resembled her old neighbor Bloodsworth. She called the police, and when Bloodsworth stepped into the police car that morning, it would be the last time he would see the town of Cambridge for eight years, 10 months and 19 days.
Eyes, ears, noses
In the days after the violent murder, Baltimore Coun.
April 1986, the body of a 15-year-old girl has been found in woods.docxrossskuddershamus
April 1986, the body of a 15-year-old girl has been found in woods near a railway line in Surrey. She has been raped and strangled. The murder has startling similarities to another, of a young woman four months earlier near a railway line in northeast London.
At its initial stages I don't think anyone envisioned just how big it was going to be. It was only as the investigation progressed over the last two, two and one half years that the magnitude of it all unfolded.
The police were on the killer's trail, but it would take a new investigative technique to help unlock the case. Criminal profiling, a technique that would later prove controversial in the famous unsolved murder of Rachel Nickell.
In February 2001, the last piece of a jigsaw, that had tormented police for nearly 20 years, finally fell into place. David Mulcahy was found guilty at the Old Bailey of 15 counts, three of murder, the rest of rape and conspiracy to rape. He was convicted largely because of the evidence of one man, his former friend and accomplice in the rapes and murders, John Duffy. That's how the story ended.
But it began 20 years before, in 1982, with the rape of a young woman near Hampstead Heath. The victim described being attacked and raped by two men with knives. Over the next four years there were to be more such rapes.
Here is one of the gaps that was used to take the victims up onto the heath. Once onto the heath, they were then taken-- and one in particular-- something like one quarter of one mile over into the heath, through the woodland into a park, where only the attackers would have known that park was. It wasn't spontaneous onto any piece of [INAUDIBLE] ground. They had reconnoitered the area well and truly. They knew the area, and it was planned, in short, like a military operation.
All the rapes had a pattern. And to catch the rapists the police would turn to what, in Britain, was a relatively new investigative technique, criminal profiling. It was the FBI that really put criminal profiling on the map. In the 1970s, at their new Academy in Quantico, Virginia, the FBI began to use psychology to help solve crime and catch criminals. One of its pioneers was Robert Ressler.
Criminal profiling is creating a behavioral composite of a person who has committed a crime, where that person is not known. It give the age, a race, a sex, and various demographics about that individual that would portray him psychologically in such a way that it would aid the investigators in identifying a logical suspect.
Criminal profiling is the application of psychological or behavioral expertise to understand, investigate, and interrupt violent or violence-prone individuals. In the United States we use a couple of different terms for it. We call it criminal profiling, we also call it criminal investigative analysis, or crime-specific consultation. Profiling is the most common term that we use, though.
Profiling begins with information gathering. Information from the crim.
An interesting slideshow about 10 strange forensic cases that puzzled the pros . For more information about Forensic Science visit: http://www.excite.com/education/criminal-justice/forensics
CAPSTONE CASE The Student will be required to read the Capstone.docxhacksoni
CAPSTONE CASE:
The Student will be required to read the Capstone Case (page 476 of the course text) and respond to the 15 questions on page 483 & 484. Each question will require no less than a one-page response with appropriate references in APA format double-spaced, Times New Roman 12point font. Capstone case is due December 5, 2018, @ 9:00AM.
476
Presented here is the description of a serial homicide investigation in the 1960s that involved
the sexually motivated murders of seven mostly college-aged women in Michigan. The
discussion provided here draws primarily on Edward Keyes’s, The Michigan Murders.1 The
case is longer and more detailed than the other From the Case File chapter introductions.
It can serve as a capstone discussion of many of the issues covered in Criminal Investigation,
including the basic problems of criminal investigation, the value of eyewitness identifica-
tions, the value of other evidence, the potential value of DNA evidence, how proof can be
established, and the impact of technology on investigations. Questions for discussion and
review are presented at the conclusion of the case.
Appendix
Capstone Case
Capstone CASE
The Coed Murders
The nightmare began on the evening of July 10, 1967,
when nineteen-year-old Mary Fleszar did not return
to her apartment, which was located just a few
blocks from the Eastern Michigan University (EMU)
campus in Ypsilanti, Michigan. Mary was a student at
the university. As is the case in most missing person
investigations, the first task for investigators was to
determine when and where she was last seen. In
reconstructing the last known whereabouts of Mary,
an EMU police officer recalled seeing a girl matching
her description walking near campus at about
8:45 p.m. the night before she was reported missing.
She was alone. Another witness reported he had seen
the girl at about 9:00 p.m. that same night in the same
area, walking on the sidewalk. The witness reported
that a car had driven up next to her and stopped.
According to report the witness gave, the only person
in the vehicle was a young man, and the vehicle was
bluish-gray in color, possibly a Chevy. The witness said
it appeared that the young man inside the car said
something to Mary, she shook her head, and the car
drove off. Shortly thereafter, the same car passed the
witness’s house again and pulled into a driveway in
front of Mary, blocking her path. Mary walked around
the back of the car and continued down the sidewalk.
The car pulled out of the driveway and, tires squealing,
drove down the street. At this point the witness lost
sight of Mary and the vehicle. Mary was never again
seen alive.
On August 7, 1967, a heavily decomposed nude body
was found on farmland two miles north of Ypsilanti.
The body was identified as Mary Fleszar through
dental records. It was clear to investigators that the
cause of death was certainly not natural, accidental,
or suicide, given the area.
Disaster:-
The Oxford Dictionary of English Etymology defines disaster as "sudden or great calamity". A disaster can be defined as “an unexpected natural or manmade event that may result in personal injury, mass fatalities, property and infrastructural damage. These events can be a result of natural events such as earthquakes and typhoons, accidents (aircraft, rail, maritime, industrial), terrorist activities and conflicts.”
Types of Disaster:-
All disasters can be broadly divided into two categories -Natural and Manrnade disasters. Natural Disasters are not controllable as, indeed, nature is not controllable -such events are often termed as 'acts of God'. The Man-made disasters on the other hand are a rapidly increasing phenomenon in the present day Technological Society and occur as a result of human failure or error or malfunction of some structure or system designed by man. Similarly, while there is sometimes an element of warning in natural disaster. There is generally none in man-made disaster and this lack of warning makes avoidance difficult.
Both types of disasters can cause visible damage to a familiar environment, but some technological disasters do not have this effect like nuclear pollution from an accident like that at Chernobyl may be catastrophic, yet cause no visible damage.
Whilst Natural Disaster is often predictable to some degree, technological disaster is not. Technological catastrophes are never supposed to happen and hence predictability is not an issue. The King's Cross Underground fire in November 1987 killing 31 persons and causing horrendous injuries could not have been foreseen as escalators are not supposed to erupt into flames.
Following are the different types of disasters under the above mentioned categories:-
1. Natural Disasters:- can be of the following types.
a) Famines
b) Floods
c) Storms
d) Droughts, and
e) Epidemics
2. Man-made Disasters:-
a) Air, Rail and Sea disasters
b) Fires
c) Explosions
d) Building collapse disasters
e) Industrial accidents
f) Football Tragedies
g) Holocausts in Civilian Violence, Terrorism and Mass shootings.
h) Mass suicides, e.g. Jonestown suicides.
2. Disaster Victim Identification
Disaster Victim Identification (DVI) refers to a respectful, systematic and orderly process undertaken in response to a multiple fatality incident with the aim of scientifically identifying the deceased casualties of the incident so that they can be returned to their relatives. The process involves matching post-mortem information from a deceased individual with ante‐mortem information of a missing person and through this identifying the deceased individual.
DVI is a multi‐disciplinary activity that relies on a range of comparative scientific and non‐scientific methods to identify human remains.
A DVI operation is typically part of the ‘response phase’ to a multiple fatality event and usually becomes fully operational at the conclusion of the rescue and evacuation part of the operation.
Alexander Pichushkin : “THE CHESSBOARD KILLER” OR “THE BITSA PARK MANIAC”Palash Mehar
Alexander is a process-focused serial killer, which means he killed the victims slowly and received enjoyment from the torture and the slow death of the victims.
Alexander Pichushkin was arrested on June 16, 2006, and sentenced on October 24, 2007, of 49 murders and 3 attempted murders.
He requested that a Russian court add an extra 11 victim to his body count, bringing his guaranteed death toll to 60, and 3 surviving victims.
During his trial, as with Andrei Chikatilo, Pichushkin was housed in a glass cage for his own protection.
Rapid DNA Technology: A Boon to Forensic DNA Typing
The FBI defines Rapid DNA as
“the fully automated (hands free) process of developing a CODIS Core Loci STR profile from a reference sample swab. The swab in - profile out process consists of automated extraction, amplification, separation, detection, and allele calling without human intervention”.
Modified Rapid DNA analysis describes the automated (hands-free) process of developing a CODIS Core STR profile from a known reference sample. This “swab in – profile out” process consists of automated extraction, amplification, separation, and detection without human intervention but requires human interpretation and technical review.
Approval by : Formal approval not required if validated in accordance with the FBI Director’s Quality Assurance Standards
Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA)
Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) is a systematic and integrative process for considering possible impacts prior to a decision being taken on whether or not a proposal should be given approval to proceed. (Wood 2003)
Nanotechnology Powder
Nanotechnology is the field of science that deals with the study of materials in the nanometer scale. Additionally, the domain can also be defined as the synthesis of matter on an atomic level, with sizes ranging from 1 to 100 nm.
Nanoparticles are much smaller than most of the particles currently used in fingerprint detection, which are in the order of 1–10 mm in size.
Nanoparticles are distinct, non-aggregated particles with nanometre-size diameters, although nano-structured particles, which may be up to microns in diameter, often exist as aggregates of nano-sized particles
The use of nano-particles has recently shown a great potential in producing the next generation of fingerprint development techniques known as nano-fingerprints.
Ninhydrin
The synthesis of ninhydrin (originally described as 1,2,3-triketohydrindene, but also referred to as 1,2,3-indanetrione)
First reported by Professor Siegfried Ruhemann, of the University Chemical Laboratories at Cambridge University, England, in 1910.
The marks developed by ninhydrin can vary in colour from reddish purple to deep purple, being influenced by the composition of the mark and the substrate it is deposited on.
Ninhydrin Analogs
An analog is a chemical compound that has a similar structure and similar chemical properties to those of another compound, but differs from it by a single element or a group.
The dual goals of producing such an analog are to produce a compound that has intense, visible colored development (as good as or superior to ninhydrin) as well as a superior room temperature fluorescence.
Cyanoacrylate Dye Stains:- MRM 10 (Fluorescent Dye)
MRM 10 is a fluorescent dye used to enhance cyanoacrylate developed latent prints on various coloured nonporous surfaces.
A laser or alternate light source is used in conjunction with this process.
A digital imaging instrument manufactured by Foster + Freeman that employs combinations of light sources and filters to examine document evidence under various wavelengths of radiation ranging from ultraviolet to the infrared regions of the electromagnetic spectrum.
VSC is a preferred tool as it supports non destructive examination of documents. VSC uses multiple parameters like IR, UV, and White light providing accurate results.
PCR
PCR is a method widely used in Molecular biology to make many copies of a specific DNA segment.
Using PCR it is possible to generate thousand millions of copies of a particular section of DNA from very small amount of DNA.
PCR was originally developed in 1983 by the American Biochemists Kary Mullis. He was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1993 for his pioneering work.
Privacy Enhanced Mail (PEM)-
It is an Internet standard adopted by IAB
(Internet architecture Board) for secure
electronic mail communications over Internet.
Described in four specification documents
which are RFC no. 1421 to 1424.
Security features provided by PEM
Working of PEM:-
Broad steps in PEM are –
1. Canonical conversion
2. Digital signature
3. Encryption
4. Base - 64 - encoding
Case Study:- Jesssica Lal Murder Case (Manu Sharma Vs State(NCT of Delhi)Palash Mehar
Case Study:-
Jesssica Lal Murder Case
(Manu Sharma Vs State(NCT of Delhi)
Introduction:-
Jessica Lal (5 January 1965 – 30 April 1999) was a model in New Delhi who was working as a celebrity barmaid at a crowded socialite party when she was shot dead at around 2 am on 30 April 1999. Dozens of witnesses pointed to Siddharth Vashisht, also known as Manu Sharma, the son of Venod Sharma, a wealthy and influential Congress-nominated Member of Parliament from Haryana, as the murderer.
In the ensuing trial, Manu Sharma and a number of others were acquitted on 21 February 2006.
Following intense media and public pressure, the prosecution appealed and the Delhi High Court conducted proceedings on a fast track with daily hearings conducted over 25 days. The trial court judgment was overturned, and Manu Sharma was found guilty of having murdered Lal. He was sentenced to life imprisonment on 20 Decesmber 2006.
Rehabilitation : Principle and its types Palash Mehar
Rehabilitation-
According to WHO “Rehabilitation or rehab is the combined and coordinated use of the medical, social, educational, and vocational measures for training and re-training the individual to the highest possible level of functional ability”.
Principles of Rehabilitation
Aspects of Rehabilitation
Types of Rehabilitation :-
There are too many types rehab to list here but some common types of therapy include,
Physical therapy
Occupational therapy
Speech/swallow therapy
Cognitive rehabilitation therapy
Vocational rehabilitation
Creation & Verification of Digital Signature using Adobe AcrobatPalash Mehar
Digital Signature-
Creation & Verification of Digital Signature using Adobe Acrobat
Digital Signature Certificate:-A digital certificate or a digital signature certificate(DSC) is a digital record of credentials of an individual or an organization. It verifies the ingenuity of an entity involved in an online transaction.
*Digital Signature Standard:-Digital Signature Standard (DSS) is the digital signature algorithm (DSA) developed by the U.S. National Security Agency (NSA) to generate a digital signature for the authentication of electronic documents. DSS was put forth by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) in 1994, and has become the United States government standard for authentication of electronic documents. DSS is specified in Federal Information Processing Standard (FIPS).
*Creation of digital signature using Adobe Acrobat
*Verification of digital signature using Adobe Acrobat
Creation & Verification of Digital Signature using DigisignerPalash Mehar
Digital Singatute-
Basics of Digital Signature
Creation & Verification of Digital Signature using Digisigner
Steps of creation of digital signature using Digisigner
Steps of Validation of Digital signature using Digisigner
Working of Digital Signatgure
Attributes of Digital Signature
Digital signature ensures the confidentiality via. The following three attributes,
1 Authentication
2 Integrity
3 Non-repudiation
Controller of Certifying Authority(CCA)
Sections related to digital signature
Digisigner 4.0
Email Recovery
Email Recovery is needed when user gets their email files corrupt, deleted and in un used form.
Every email client application when found some of their email files corrupt then they shows the corruption error to user so that they can start to repair them using any recovery solution and access it again after recovery.
About Email recovery software :-
Microsoft Outlook and Outlook Express store email , contacts, notes, journals, tasks and calendar.
Sometimes email messages get deleted and that is panic too much. To retrieve this deleted emails, Email Recovery software is used.
Intelligence test used in the forensic psychology.
There are different tests are used to measure the intelligence or IQ of a person. Such as,
Ravens Progressive Matrices
Bhatia Battery of Intelligence
Culture Fair test
Wechsler scale
Alexander Pass a long test
etc.
NATURE, ORIGIN AND DEVELOPMENT OF INTERNATIONAL LAW.pptxanvithaav
These slides helps the student of international law to understand what is the nature of international law? and how international law was originated and developed?.
The slides was well structured along with the highlighted points for better understanding .
WINDING UP of COMPANY, Modes of DissolutionKHURRAMWALI
Winding up, also known as liquidation, refers to the legal and financial process of dissolving a company. It involves ceasing operations, selling assets, settling debts, and ultimately removing the company from the official business registry.
Here's a breakdown of the key aspects of winding up:
Reasons for Winding Up:
Insolvency: This is the most common reason, where the company cannot pay its debts. Creditors may initiate a compulsory winding up to recover their dues.
Voluntary Closure: The owners may decide to close the company due to reasons like reaching business goals, facing losses, or merging with another company.
Deadlock: If shareholders or directors cannot agree on how to run the company, a court may order a winding up.
Types of Winding Up:
Voluntary Winding Up: This is initiated by the company's shareholders through a resolution passed by a majority vote. There are two main types:
Members' Voluntary Winding Up: The company is solvent (has enough assets to pay off its debts) and shareholders will receive any remaining assets after debts are settled.
Creditors' Voluntary Winding Up: The company is insolvent and creditors will be prioritized in receiving payment from the sale of assets.
Compulsory Winding Up: This is initiated by a court order, typically at the request of creditors, government agencies, or even by the company itself if it's insolvent.
Process of Winding Up:
Appointment of Liquidator: A qualified professional is appointed to oversee the winding-up process. They are responsible for selling assets, paying off debts, and distributing any remaining funds.
Cease Trading: The company stops its regular business operations.
Notification of Creditors: Creditors are informed about the winding up and invited to submit their claims.
Sale of Assets: The company's assets are sold to generate cash to pay off creditors.
Payment of Debts: Creditors are paid according to a set order of priority, with secured creditors receiving payment before unsecured creditors.
Distribution to Shareholders: If there are any remaining funds after all debts are settled, they are distributed to shareholders according to their ownership stake.
Dissolution: Once all claims are settled and distributions made, the company is officially dissolved and removed from the business register.
Impact of Winding Up:
Employees: Employees will likely lose their jobs during the winding-up process.
Creditors: Creditors may not recover their debts in full, especially if the company is insolvent.
Shareholders: Shareholders may not receive any payout if the company's debts exceed its assets.
Winding up is a complex legal and financial process that can have significant consequences for all parties involved. It's important to seek professional legal and financial advice when considering winding up a company.
A "File Trademark" is a legal term referring to the registration of a unique symbol, logo, or name used to identify and distinguish products or services. This process provides legal protection, granting exclusive rights to the trademark owner, and helps prevent unauthorized use by competitors.
Visit Now: https://www.tumblr.com/trademark-quick/751620857551634432/ensure-legal-protection-file-your-trademark-with?source=share
Military Commissions details LtCol Thomas Jasper as Detailed Defense CounselThomas (Tom) Jasper
Military Commissions Trial Judiciary, Guantanamo Bay, Cuba. Notice of the Chief Defense Counsel's detailing of LtCol Thomas F. Jasper, Jr. USMC, as Detailed Defense Counsel for Abd Al Hadi Al-Iraqi on 6 August 2014 in the case of United States v. Hadi al Iraqi (10026)
In 2020, the Ministry of Home Affairs established a committee led by Prof. (Dr.) Ranbir Singh, former Vice Chancellor of National Law University (NLU), Delhi. This committee was tasked with reviewing the three codes of criminal law. The primary objective of the committee was to propose comprehensive reforms to the country’s criminal laws in a manner that is both principled and effective.
The committee’s focus was on ensuring the safety and security of individuals, communities, and the nation as a whole. Throughout its deliberations, the committee aimed to uphold constitutional values such as justice, dignity, and the intrinsic value of each individual. Their goal was to recommend amendments to the criminal laws that align with these values and priorities.
Subsequently, in February, the committee successfully submitted its recommendations regarding amendments to the criminal law. These recommendations are intended to serve as a foundation for enhancing the current legal framework, promoting safety and security, and upholding the constitutional principles of justice, dignity, and the inherent worth of every individual.
How to Obtain Permanent Residency in the NetherlandsBridgeWest.eu
You can rely on our assistance if you are ready to apply for permanent residency. Find out more at: https://immigration-netherlands.com/obtain-a-permanent-residence-permit-in-the-netherlands/.
Responsibilities of the office bearers while registering multi-state cooperat...Finlaw Consultancy Pvt Ltd
Introduction-
The process of register multi-state cooperative society in India is governed by the Multi-State Co-operative Societies Act, 2002. This process requires the office bearers to undertake several crucial responsibilities to ensure compliance with legal and regulatory frameworks. The key office bearers typically include the President, Secretary, and Treasurer, along with other elected members of the managing committee. Their responsibilities encompass administrative, legal, and financial duties essential for the successful registration and operation of the society.
Forensic Biology Case Study :- The Colin Pitchfork Case
1. Case Study
Case Title: - The Colin Pitchfork case
Introduction:-
On November 21, 1983 and July 31, 1986 Colin Pitchfork raped and murdered two girls in Narborough,
Leicestershire. Lynda Mann, who was 15 years old left her home one evening to visit her friend’s house
and did not return. The next morning she was found on a deserted footpath known locally as the black pad
raped and murdered. Taken from the crime scene, semen found was later tested which shown the person
had type A blood.
On July 31, 1986 Dawn Ashworth, 15 years old took a shortcut instead of taking her normal route home,
two days later was found in a wooded area near a footpath called ten pound lane raped and murdered. In
the same position as Lynda Mann, a semen sample was taken from Dawn and tested. The modus operandi
matched that of the first attack, and semen samples revealed the same blood type.
The first criminal caught using DNA fingerprinting (England), using the DNA profiling method
published in 1985 by Sir Alec Jeffrey’s.
Richard Buckland became the first person in the world to be exonerated of murder through
the use of DNA profiling.
Key players:-
1) Colin pitchfork- killer: Murdered both Lynda and Dawn. had prior convictions of flashing.
2) Lynda Mann- 15 years old: killed in 1983
3) Dawn Ashworth- 15 years old: killed in 1986
4) Richard Buckland- revealed knowledge about the body of Dawn Ashworth 17 years old: prime
suspect with learning disabilities.
2. Background Of Suspects:-
Colin Pitchfork: Born in England. He was the first case to be convicted off of DNA fingerprint, and the
first to be caught off of mass screening. Pitchfork raped and murdered two 15 year old girls in
Narborough, Leicestershire, on November 21, 1983, and on July 31, He was arrested on September 19,
1987, confessed and was sentenced to life in prison on January 23, 1988.
Richard Buckland: 17 years old with learning disabilities. Richard worked at Carlton Hayes Hospital
which people seen him near the crime scene and revealed unreleased knowledge about the body. Richard
was later brought into questioning and confessed to the killing of Dawn Ashworth but not Lynda Mann.
Where (Place)
- Both murders happened Narborough in Leicestershire
- Lynda Mann: found on a nearby footpath called the black pad
- Dawn Ashworth: found on a path called the Ten Pound Lane
Evidence:- Semen:-
Semen found at both crime scenes matches about 10% of males that had type A blood, who lived
in the area of Narborough, Leicestershire.
In 1988 police and scientist took blood and semen samples from 4,000 different men from the age
of none of them matched with the DNA found at the crime scene.
3. Case Lead:
- Ian Kelly, called in telling police about what he overheard one of his co-workers talking about. He said
he heard him say that he got paid for posing as his friend who was later found to be Colin Pitchfork.
Techniques used against suspect:-
-Dr. Jeffrey's used DNA profiling: DNA can be taken by using human skin cells found at the crime scene.
(Semen from both victims)
-Semen found at the crime scene was taken from both victims Lynda and Dawn to determine further lead
in the investigation.
- After being compared to Richard Buckland’s DNA, test shown it wasn't a match
- With having no lead in the case forensic science service teamed up to conduct a project in which 5,000
men were asked to give blood or saliva sample in for testing no match.
DNA profiling:-
In 1985, Alec Jeffrey’s, a genetics researcher at the University of Leicester, first developed DNA
profiling along with Peter Gill and Dave Werrett of the Forensic Science Service (FSS).
Gill commented:
“I was responsible for developing all of the DNA extraction techniques and demonstrating that it was
possible after all to obtain DNA profiles from old stains. The biggest achievement was developing the
preferential extraction method to separate sperm from vaginal cells – without this method; it would have
been difficult to use DNA in rape cases.”
Using this technique, Jeffrey’s compared semen samples from both murder victims against a blood
sample from Buckland and conclusively proved that both girls were killed by the same man and not
Buckland. Buckland became the first person to have his innocence established by DNA fingerprinting.
Jeffrey’s later said:
“I have no doubt whatsoever that he [Buckland] would have been found guilty had it not been for DNA
evidence. That was a remarkable occurrence.”
Leicestershire police then decided to undertake the world's first DNA mass intelligence screen. All adult
males in three villages, a total of 5,000 men, were asked to volunteer and provide blood or saliva samples.
Blood grouping was performed and DNA profiling carried out on the 10 per cent of men who had the
same blood type as the killer.
All of the mass screening work was carried out by the FSS, a painstaking task that took six months to
complete. When they discovered that no profiles matched the profile of the killer, it seemed that all
possibilities had been exhausted. However, the investigation took a strange twist when a year later a
woman overheard her colleague, Ian Kelly, bragging that he had given his sample whilst masquerading as
his friend, Colin Pitchfork. Pitchfork, a local baker, had apparently persuaded Kelly to take the test for
him. Pitchfork was subsequently arrested and his DNA profile was found to match with the semen from
both murders. He was eventually sentenced to life imprisonment for the two murders in 1988.
4. Arrest & Conviction:-
On 1 August 1987, one of Pitchfork's colleagues at the bakery, Ian Kelly, revealed to fellow workers in a
Leicester pub (The Clarendon) that he had taken the blood test while masquerading as Pitchfork.
Pitchfork told Kelly that he could not give blood under his own name because he had already given blood
while pretending to be a friend of his who had wanted to avoid being harassed by police because of a
youthful conviction for burglary. A woman who overheard the conversation reported it to police.
On 19 September 1987, Pitchfork was arrested. During subsequent questioning, Pitchfork admitted to
exposing himself to more than 1,000 women, a compulsion that he had started in his early teens. He later
progressed to sexual assault and then to strangling his victims in order to protect his identity. He pleaded
guilty to the two rape/murders in addition to another incident of sexual assault, and was sentenced to life
imprisonment. The Lord Chief Justice at the time of his sentencing said: "From the point of view of the
safety of the public I doubt if he should ever be released." The Secretary of State set a minimum term of
30 years; in 2009, Pitchfork's sentence was reduced on appeal to 28 years.
Parole review:-
On 22 April 2016, the Parole Board for England and Wales heard Pitchfork's case for early release on
parole. Pitchfork's advocates presented evidence of his improved character, noting that Pitchfork had
furthered his education to degree level and had become expert at the transcription of printed music into
Braille, for the benefit of the blind. The families of victims Lynda Mann and Dawn Ashworth opposed his
release on parole.
On 29 April 2016, the Parole Board announced that Pitchfork's petition for parole had been denied, but
they then issued a recommendation that Pitchfork be moved to an open prison. In June 2016, Michael
Gove, then serving as Justice Secretary, agreed with the board's recommendation, and at some point prior
to 8 January 2017, Pitchfork was moved to an undisclosed open prison. The Parole Board denied parole
again in 2018. He may be eligible for parole again in 2020. (https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-
leicestershire-43993232)
In November 2018, Colin Pitchfork was spotted walking around Bristol, so it has been assumed that he
was moved to HM Prison Leyhill.
2018 Parole Review
On the 3rd of May 2018, Pitchfork was denied parole. The Parole Board said Pitchfork will be eligible for
a further review within two years. Lynda's mother said the Parole Board had "listened to us before the
murderer". Last year, it emerged Pitchfork would be released from open prison on unsupervised days out.
It had been widely expected that Pitchfork could be approaching final release from prison on parole.
References:-
EOCL Lecture 20, 21 : Some famous casesinvolving DNA Evidence (version 29
March 2008).
Colin Pitchfork | Murderpedia, the encyclopedia of murderers
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colin Pitchfork :Colin Pitchfork