For this assignment: Please reply to 3 classmate’s post that is below. 150 words or more APA format 3 scholar references In cite citation Response 1 Key Termand Why You Are Interested in It I chose the key term Developed Nation because it describes countries who are the most involved on how the world is run. Currently the world is going through a lot of elections in developed countries which brings attention to what might change. Also, countries like Russia who many people would consider to be developed is actually developing. These countries are up to date with the latest technology and resources which attracts outsiders who are willing to help it grow. It is much easier to visit a developed country than visit a weak corrupt nation where violence can take place at any time. Explanation of the Key Term Developed Nations have great wealth and are good with managing their resources in order to take care of its own people. A lot of nations have climbed into the developed category because of technology growing lately. Also it is interesting because vacation areas are becoming developed due to tourists bringing in a great amount of money allowing for places like Barbados to access healthcare and technology.(Satterlee, 2015, p.93) Countries that have attractions can use it to their advantage to lure in money and put it towards things like education which will help build technology and resources. A nation might be small but as long as its economy is stable and things like healthcare and technology keeps growing along with its people, it will be defined as developed. Major Article Summary Japan has been classified as a developed country but in recent years its economy and ability to grow has taken a turn. In order for a country to be able to stay developed they must have a stable working class. Japan currently has a shortage of workers due to a low birth rate and not enough immigration taken place. Because of their low birth rate the nation is experiencing a time where there is not a lot of spending taken place which hurts its economy. Japan currently has the worlds oldest population which explains why spending is down. In order for companies to sell their product they are now investing in selling their products overseas rather than at home which creates a deficit. It is hard for a nation to remain stable if they have to rely on doing business overseas. There is discussion about raising sales tax but the last time it was imposed consumer spending fell sending japan into a recession. Also, it would not be a good idea to lower sales tax because even though people might purchase a lot more resources money will still be lost. Japan is not an ideal vacation location so it is hard to bring in money by advertising family getaways. This article points out that Japan needs to find a way to raise lower their population age limit by either producing more or welcoming immigrants that are willing to work. Having a younger population will increase money be ...

1. For this assignment:
Please reply to 3 classmate’s post that is below.
150 words or more
APA format
3 scholar references
In cite citation
Response 1
Key Termand Why You Are Interested in It
I chose the key term Developed Nation because it describes
countries who are the most involved on how the world is run.
Currently the world is going through a lot of elections in
developed countries which brings attention to what might
change. Also, countries like Russia who many people would
consider to be developed is actually developing. These countries
are up to date with the latest technology and resources which
attracts outsiders who are willing to help it grow. It is much
easier to visit a developed country than visit a weak corrupt
nation where violence can take place at any time.
Explanation of the Key Term
Developed Nations have great wealth and are good with
managing their resources in order to take care of its own people.
A lot of nations have climbed into the developed category
because of technology growing lately. Also it is interesting
because vacation areas are becoming developed due to tourists
bringing in a great amount of money allowing for places like
Barbados to access healthcare and technology.(Satterlee, 2015,
p.93) Countries that have attractions can use it to their
advantage to lure in money and put it towards things like
education which will help build technology and resources. A
nation might be small but as long as its economy is stable and
things like healthcare and technology keeps growing along with
its people, it will be defined as developed.

2. Major Article Summary
Japan has been classified as a developed country but in recent
years its economy and ability to grow has taken a turn. In order
for a country to be able to stay developed they must have a
stable working class. Japan currently has a shortage of workers
due to a low birth rate and not enough immigration taken place.
Because of their low birth rate the nation is experiencing a time
where there is not a lot of spending taken place which hurts its
economy. Japan currently has the worlds oldest population
which explains why spending is down. In order for companies to
sell their product they are now investing in selling their
products overseas rather than at home which creates a deficit. It
is hard for a nation to remain stable if they have to rely on
doing business overseas. There is discussion about raising sales
tax but the last time it was imposed consumer spending fell
sending japan into a recession. Also, it would not be a good
idea to lower sales tax because even though people might
purchase a lot more resources money will still be lost. Japan is
not an ideal vacation location so it is hard to bring in money by
advertising family getaways. This article points out that Japan
needs to find a way to raise lower their population age limit by
either producing more or welcoming immigrants that are willing
to work. Having a younger population will increase money
being spent which will help local businesses and could stop
companies from focusing on exporting resources. Wages have
remained fragile due to low domestic spending making it hard to
raise income. In order to grow your income money has to be
spent and a boost in tourism would help provide that needed
source. In order to continue developing Japan needs to create
jobs that will attract young immigrants which will result in
money being spent. The banks can not keep putting themselves
at risk in order to spark inflation for a short period of time.
Discussion
Japan was a good nation to discuss for a developed nation
because of its risk factors as of now. Their is a bunch of
decision making taking place with thriving businesses trying to

3. expand their product. I cited an article about how President
Trump is now trying to reconstruct NAFTA which will affect
jobs in three different countries. The reconstruction would take
away jobs from two countries in order to keep growing one.
Canada will have to figure out how they will remain a
developed nation after losing resources that kept them stable
along with Mexico. Another cited source is about how Malaysia
is trying to transform themselves into a technological nation by
investing in education. Investing in education is something that
will help build a more educated workforce. I read an article
about how Canada is leading developed countries in many ways
and one reason is it has a generous bounty of
resources.(NuWire, 2010) This provides them with an option of
exporting goods for money but also keeping their taxes low for
domestic spending. Japan is the opposite because they have to
rely on other nations due to less domestic spending. The last
reference explains how the top ten most developed countries in
the world maintain growth and how each of them differ in
strengths.
Response 2
Communication Technology
Key Term
The key term I’ve decided to discuss is Communication
Technology. I am interested in communication technology due
to our modern world and international business having a strong
reliance on it. We are exposed to communication technologies
on a daily basis and it is important having the knowledge of
what it is we are exposed to. Author Brian Satterlee (2014)
states that the key concept is used by global business
professionals in processing and the transfer of messages and
information (pg. 17). Any type of communication including
radio, television, cell phones, computers, and so on relate to the
key concept. Essentially, our current world would not be as
advanced without the use of communication technology and it
interests me further to learn more and discuss the concept. We

4. use the concept of communication technology in business and
trade with other countries to help satisfy our domestic needs;
which is another important factor for my interest in the key
term.
Explanation
According to Satterlee (2014), innovation in networking
technologies has reduced the barriers of communication
between global operating locations; additionally,
communication technology is composed of television and radio
broadcasting, multimedia applications, internet, advertising,
journalism, and mass media. Knowing the type of methods used
for the key term leads to a better understanding of its use and
application in the business world. We use communication
technologies to implement an access to information and product
offerings so that business can take place internationally. I
believe without communication technology, there would not be
international business as a result due to the lack of exchanging
information and ideas globally.
Major Article Summary
The major article I’ve chosen is “Concentration of
Access to Information and Communication Technologies in the
Municipalities of the Brazilian Legal Amazon” composed in
2016 by Brito et al., with a study that fills demand for data on a
region with economic, political, and social problems. The study
uses the 2010 Brazilian Demographic Census to compile data on
urban and rural households with computers and internet access
as well as mobile and fixed phones as part of how they
communicate domestically and internationally (Brito et al.,
2016). They use the data to analyze the factors that influence
income, education, use of electricity, and population size. In
addition, the results show that for urban households, the average
concentration in parts of the amazon for computers and internet
access as well as fixed phones is lower than in other regions of
the country (Brito et al., 2016). The final results of the study
show that education and income are determinants of inequality
in accessing communication technologies in different Brazilian

5. locations (Brito et al., 2016).
Social media plays a key role in communication
technology and with the adoption of the internet, media and
information technology tools has attracted the attention of many
academicians and practitioners per author Amarna Raman
(2016). Additionally, the founders and the managers of
nonprofits look forward to information and communication
technologies to aid in organizational effectiveness and societal
missions (Raman, 2016). Nonprofit organizations have adopted
communication technologies to further develop and grow as
well as meet their needs and missions. Another author,
primarily from Australia, Inge Kral mentions communication
technology practices have developed in accordance with
broadband, satellite, or Wi-Fi availability to lead indigenous
youth to come of age and grow in social practice,
communication, and learning (2014). There are many positive
aspects to the rapid development of technology in indigenous
countries and I believe it will lead to growth for the nations that
use it.
Discussion
The major article I’ve chosen to focus on directly relates to
communication technology due to data analysis on access and
use of information and communication technologies in Brazil
and other countries. In the article, traditional and digital uses of
the key concept include mobile phones and the web among other
methods. The research I’ve conducted taught me that there is
more to communication technologies and the use of which will
help learn more about a nation, lead to its development, and
help in conducting business locally and internationally.
Essentially, communication technology can be referred to
information technology as all equipment and programs are used
to transmit information. Communication technology influences
international business by making the exchange of ideas and
information more efficient on a global scale. In addition,
professionals in the field specialize in developing, installing,
and servicing the hardware and software needed in a world that

6. depends on remaining connected for business and social
purposes.
The major cited work and the articles that follow have many
factors in common such as the direct use of communication
technologies and how it impacted the countries as a result. The
major article, as well as the four articles, relate communication
technologies with the use of the internet, multimedia,
cellphones, and telephones having a positive impact on society.
Each article analyzes the design and use of communication
technologies directly affecting the needs of a specific business
market or industry; such as, the use of cell phones to conduct
transactions, make important calls, set up meetings, organize
events, etc. The countries in reference include Brazil, India,
Australia, Nigeria, and the United States. Essentially, all the
listed countries have used communication technology to conduct
business with other nations and have been impacted positively.
The key concept keeps all that use it connected as information
is easily gathered and exchanged. In conclusion, countries will
continue to develop if they use communication technologies.
Response 3
Why Export Financing?
Export financing is an ever more important tool today in the
world international trade. With more businesses doing more
business across borders the cost of cost of capital as well the
timeliness of return can be an even more important stressor or
companies. Last week I wrote about barriers to trade and in that
theme this is one of the tools that could be used in order to
combat so of those barriers. With the access to capital becoming
more easier to get and more companies willing to lend money
even small businesses are finding a way to finance their export
endeavors. The internet has probably been the single largest
driver in the expansion of global trade and has also allowed
easier access to export financing.
What is Export Financing?
One of the most important aspect of most businesses is

7. receiving the payments for the good and services they provide.
When a company decides to export goods receiving a return on
those goods become more complicated. Foreign currency
exchange, regulations, and sheer geographical distance can
delay the time in which the exporter received the proper
compensation for their product. It is no secret that businesses
need access to cash in order to continue their operations and
export helps fill the gap when timeliness of payments becomes
an issue. Banks and other financial institutions will loan money
to companies so that they can maintain the necessary cash flow
needed for operations. Of course these entities do not loan the
money out of the kindness of their hearts. There are several way
in which companies get paid for financing of exports. They can
be as simple as a flat fee all the way to complex contracts
involving the purchase the liability.
The State of Export Financing
As mentioned in the beginning of this discussion with the
advent of the internet smaller and mid-size companies have
been able to compete more with the big guys. It has also become
easier for these smaller companies to gain access to export
financing (Varley, 2012). In 2010 State of the Union address
President Barrack Obama announced the National Export
Initiative (Varley, 2012). The goal of this was to double the
United States’ Exports by the year 2014 (Varley, 2012). This
was two years into the Great Recession and this was another
attempt by the executive branch to try and spark some economic
growth. The main burden of this new initiative fail on the US’s
export credit agency, the Import-Export Bank (Varley, 2012).
In regards to the recession’s effect on export financing
Varley believes it is a mixed bag (2012). As far as the structure
of the import and export market not much changed with the
downturn or the initiative (Varley, 2012). With some of the
world’s local economies being depressed some of the companies
looked across borders to sell their goods (Varley, 2012). So in
some way there were some increases in export financing as
businesses tried to find a market to sell their goods and

8. therefore looked for ways to finance these endeavors (Varley,
2012). The largest impact that the recession had on the
financing of exports, and imports for that matter, was that with
all of the loss around the globe from defaults credit became
tighter (Varley, 2012). Major credit insurance companies
tightened their reigns on the underwriting of their policies and
therefore made export financing more difficult for smaller and
mid-size businesses (Varley, 2012). As of 2012 this issues was
just starting to clear up and see the clamped down credit
insurance policy (Varley, 2012). In addition, there is more
competition in this market driving rates to become more
attractive (Varley, 2012).
Discussion
How Does the Status of Export Financing Tie Into the
Overall Concept?
Export financing is ever increasing as the world we trade in
becomes smaller and smaller. Understanding the dynamics of
what can affect export financing is paramount to staying ahead
and hedging against the risk of exporting goods and services.
The products and instruments used to finance these often
complex agreements are ever changing with the regulatory and
market factors that affect them. When Varley, as part of a
company that provides export financing, is looking into the
future of the company and/or trying to forecast he has to take
into account what he think will affect their business. Like
technical barriers to trade discussed in week 1’s post there
many nuances and competing interests that even though they are
not made to make trade more difficult the end result is that they
do. So when looking at export financing it is not enough to just
understand the concept, but need to know what factors may
cause affect export financing.
Tying Together Additional Resources
Kawas states it best when he describes export financing as, “A
letter of credit is the written assurance of a bank, on the
instructions of a buyer, to pay a seller a specific amount
provided that the seller submits stipulated documents in

9. conformity with the terms and conditions of the letter of credit”
(1997, p. 61) This resource is good for getting a good
understanding of the basic concept. David Griffith gives good
insight into why export financing is so important (2010). United
States was not the only company that tried to use exports to
boost their economy (Goldberg, 2012). Japan used an intuitive
to try and spark and increase (Goldberg, 2012). This was to tie
into Varley’s analysis of the status of exports. From Chatham
Newstex is discusses the shift of smaller companies being able
to get into the export game and gain access to the financing
needed to do so (Unknown, 2015).