The document discusses key properties of liquids including their ability to conform to the shape of containers, be easily transferred through piping, and return to their original volume once force is removed. It also describes Pascal's Law which states that pressure exerted anywhere in a confined incompressible fluid is transmitted equally in all directions. Finally, it notes that the properties of liquids enable the smooth movement of large objects through hydraulic systems.

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Important Properties
• “Shapelessness”
– Liquids have no neutral form
– Conform to shape of container
– Easily transferred through piping from one location to another
• Incompressibility
– Liquids are essentially incompressible
– Once force is removed, liquid returns to original volume (no permanent
distortion)
• Transmission of Force
– Force is transmitted equally & undiminished
in every direction -> vessel filled with pressure

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Hydraulic Theory
Pascal’s Law
States that pressure exerted anywhere in a confined incompressible fluid
is transmitted equally in all directions throughout the fluid such that the
pressure variations (initial differences) remain the same (F = P*A)
Pressure = Force/Area
Liquid properties enable large objects (rudder, planes, etc) to be
moved smoothly

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3
HYDRAULIC SYMBOLS

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Hydraulic symbols
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System
2. Hydraulic advantages