Трубопроводные системы FLOWTITE для питьевой воды
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Re union on the agenda -sust ipe alumni-revised
The document summarizes the agenda and proceedings of a reunion event held on 29 March 2013 to establish the SUST IPE Alumni Association. It provides details of the opening and closing speeches, formation of a steering committee and various executive committees to lead the association. It also outlines the objectives, activities and funding plans of the association to help alumni and current students. Contact information is included for the steering committee members to facilitate future communication through the association.
Evaluate
Evaluations are conducted for accreditation purposes and as part of scientific management which includes job analysis, description, and evaluation. However, evaluations are rarely set up to actually evaluate what is intended such as a manager's ability to manage personnel. Common uses of performance evaluations include determining promotions, pay, providing feedback and training, discipline, and communicating an organization's quality and mission.
Evaluate
Evaluations are conducted for accreditation purposes and as part of scientific management which includes job analysis, description, and evaluation. However, evaluations are rarely set up to actually evaluate what is intended such as a manager's ability to manage personnel. Common uses of performance evaluations include determining promotions, pay, providing feedback and training, discipline, and communicating an organization's quality and mission.
Трубопроводные системы Flowtite, технические характеристики
Трубопроводные системы Flowtite, технические характеристикиООО «Строительно-торговая корпорация ЕСВ»
Value added products from glycerol
Crude glycerol is a major byproduct of biodiesel production, amounting to approximately 10% of the volume of biodiesel produced. The document summarizes various potential value-added uses for crude glycerol that have been investigated, including use as an animal feed ingredient, and as a feedstock for producing chemicals through biological or catalytic conversion processes. Key chemicals that have been produced from crude glycerol include 1,3-propanediol, citric acid, polyhydroxyalkanoates, docosahexaenoic acid, lipids, and syngas. However, the presence of impurities in crude glycerol poses challenges, and further optimization of conversion processes is still needed for large-
Atomic absorption spectroscopy
Atomic absorption spectroscopy is a widely used technique for elemental analysis. It works by measuring the absorption of light by ground state atoms of the element of interest. The sample is atomized in a flame or furnace and the absorption of light of a specific wavelength is measured. This allows for quantitative determination of elemental concentration. The technique provides sensitive and selective analysis but can be subject to various interferences that must be addressed, such as chemical, ionization, and matrix effects.
NMR
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy measures the absorption of radiofrequency energy by atomic nuclei with spin states when placed in a magnetic field. Protons and carbon-13 nuclei are most commonly studied. The energy absorbed depends on the magnetic field strength and the local chemical environment of each nucleus. NMR provides information about the number and types of nuclei in a molecule and can be used to determine molecular structures.
Recommended
Re union on the agenda -sust ipe alumni-revised
The document summarizes the agenda and proceedings of a reunion event held on 29 March 2013 to establish the SUST IPE Alumni Association. It provides details of the opening and closing speeches, formation of a steering committee and various executive committees to lead the association. It also outlines the objectives, activities and funding plans of the association to help alumni and current students. Contact information is included for the steering committee members to facilitate future communication through the association.
Evaluate
Evaluations are conducted for accreditation purposes and as part of scientific management which includes job analysis, description, and evaluation. However, evaluations are rarely set up to actually evaluate what is intended such as a manager's ability to manage personnel. Common uses of performance evaluations include determining promotions, pay, providing feedback and training, discipline, and communicating an organization's quality and mission.
Evaluate
Evaluations are conducted for accreditation purposes and as part of scientific management which includes job analysis, description, and evaluation. However, evaluations are rarely set up to actually evaluate what is intended such as a manager's ability to manage personnel. Common uses of performance evaluations include determining promotions, pay, providing feedback and training, discipline, and communicating an organization's quality and mission.
Трубопроводные системы Flowtite, технические характеристики
Трубопроводные системы Flowtite, технические характеристикиООО «Строительно-торговая корпорация ЕСВ»
Value added products from glycerol
Crude glycerol is a major byproduct of biodiesel production, amounting to approximately 10% of the volume of biodiesel produced. The document summarizes various potential value-added uses for crude glycerol that have been investigated, including use as an animal feed ingredient, and as a feedstock for producing chemicals through biological or catalytic conversion processes. Key chemicals that have been produced from crude glycerol include 1,3-propanediol, citric acid, polyhydroxyalkanoates, docosahexaenoic acid, lipids, and syngas. However, the presence of impurities in crude glycerol poses challenges, and further optimization of conversion processes is still needed for large-
Atomic absorption spectroscopy
Atomic absorption spectroscopy is a widely used technique for elemental analysis. It works by measuring the absorption of light by ground state atoms of the element of interest. The sample is atomized in a flame or furnace and the absorption of light of a specific wavelength is measured. This allows for quantitative determination of elemental concentration. The technique provides sensitive and selective analysis but can be subject to various interferences that must be addressed, such as chemical, ionization, and matrix effects.
NMR
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy measures the absorption of radiofrequency energy by atomic nuclei with spin states when placed in a magnetic field. Protons and carbon-13 nuclei are most commonly studied. The energy absorbed depends on the magnetic field strength and the local chemical environment of each nucleus. NMR provides information about the number and types of nuclei in a molecule and can be used to determine molecular structures.
Progress, prospect and challenges in glycerol purification process
This document reviews various methods for purifying crude glycerol produced during biodiesel production. Crude glycerol contains impurities like methanol, soap, fatty acids and salts that must be removed. Common purification methods include neutralization to remove soap and acids, evaporation to remove methanol, and vacuum distillation. Emerging methods like ion exchange, activated carbon adsorption and membrane technologies are also discussed but have challenges to overcome like fouling and energy requirements. Overall the document provides an overview of progress in glycerol purification and the need for improved small-scale and economically viable processes.
Enzyme immobilization
Enzyme Immobilization is a process where enzymes are attached to an insoluble carrier or support to facilitate their reuse. There are several advantages to immobilizing enzymes including increased stability, continuous processability, and easier product separation. Common immobilization methods include adsorption, covalent binding, entrapment, and membrane confinement. Adsorption involves weak physical binding of enzymes to a carrier, while covalent binding uses chemical bonds to strongly attach enzymes. Entrapment traps enzymes within a gel or fiber matrix. Immobilized enzymes have various applications in food production, industrial processes, and biotechnology.
Biodiesel production process
This document reviews biodiesel production methods using chemical and biological catalysts. Biodiesel can be produced via transesterification, where triglycerides from oils react with alcohol to form esters and glycerol. This reaction is catalyzed by acids, bases, or enzymes. Key process variables that affect conversion rates include the type of catalyst, substrate, temperature, solvent, molar ratios, and glycerol byproduct removal. While base catalysis is most common, acid and enzyme methods allow processing of low-quality feedstocks. Alternative acyl acceptors like methyl acetate and dimethyl carbonate also show promise. Overall, optimizing catalysts, substrates, and process conditions can improve biodiesel
Biodiesel production from oleaginous microorganisms
Microorganisms such as microalgae, fungi and bacteria have the potential to be used for biodiesel production as they can accumulate high amounts of lipids. Oleaginous microorganisms accumulate over 20% of their dry weight as lipids. While microalgae and some fungi have been shown to accumulate over 60% lipids, genetic engineering and screening methods aim to further improve lipid yields. The biodiesel produced from microbial lipids has properties that meet biodiesel standards but the high costs of production need to be reduced for microbial biodiesel to compete with conventional fuels.
Microbial transformation
Microbial transformation, or biotransformation, refers to processes where microorganisms convert organic compounds into structurally related products through one or few enzymatic reactions, as opposed to fermentation which involves many reactions. Biotransformations are preferred over chemical reactions for reasons such as substrate specificity, stereospecificity, and producing little environmental pollution. Various types of chemical reactions occur in biotransformations including oxidation, reduction, hydrolysis, and isomerization. A wide variety of biological catalysts can be used including growing cells, resting cells, immobilized cells, cell-free extracts, and immobilized enzymes. Product recovery methods include precipitation, extraction, adsorption, and distillation.
Immunology & immunological preparation
This document provides an overview of immunology and immunological preparations. It discusses the history and key discoveries in immunology, including the earliest references to immunity in 430 BC and Edward Jenner's development of the smallpox vaccine in 1798. It also summarizes the types of immunity, components of the immune system including B cells, T cells, antibodies, and antigen presenting cells. The roles of innate and acquired immunity are described.
Genetic recombination
This document discusses genetic recombination in bacteria. It defines several key terms and describes three main processes of genetic recombination in prokaryotes: transformation, transduction, and conjugation. Transformation involves donor DNA being taken up from the environment, transduction involves DNA transfer mediated by a virus, and conjugation involves cell-to-cell contact and plasmid transfer. The document also discusses Griffith's experiment, which provided early evidence of bacterial transformation, and the role of RecA protein in general recombination between homologous DNA sequences.
Emission spectroscopy
The document discusses atomic emission spectroscopy (AES) and two specific techniques: flame photometry and inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES). Flame photometry uses a low temperature flame to atomize samples and determine the presence and concentration of sodium, potassium, lithium, and calcium. ICP-AES uses a plasma torch to produce excited atoms and ions from samples. The plasma is much hotter than a flame and allows for more complete atomization and a wider dynamic range of analysis.
Flame emission spectroscopy
Flame photometry is a technique for elemental analysis that uses the characteristic wavelengths of light emitted from atoms excited in a flame. A sample solution is nebulized into the flame and the atoms are excited to higher energy levels. As they fall back to lower levels, they emit light of specific wavelengths. A monochromator isolates the desired wavelength which is measured by a detector. The intensity of light emitted relates to the concentration of the element in the original sample solution, allowing for quantitative analysis. Flame photometry can be used to detect various metals at concentrations as low as parts per million.
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Progress, prospect and challenges in glycerol purification process
This document reviews various methods for purifying crude glycerol produced during biodiesel production. Crude glycerol contains impurities like methanol, soap, fatty acids and salts that must be removed. Common purification methods include neutralization to remove soap and acids, evaporation to remove methanol, and vacuum distillation. Emerging methods like ion exchange, activated carbon adsorption and membrane technologies are also discussed but have challenges to overcome like fouling and energy requirements. Overall the document provides an overview of progress in glycerol purification and the need for improved small-scale and economically viable processes.
Enzyme immobilization
Enzyme Immobilization is a process where enzymes are attached to an insoluble carrier or support to facilitate their reuse. There are several advantages to immobilizing enzymes including increased stability, continuous processability, and easier product separation. Common immobilization methods include adsorption, covalent binding, entrapment, and membrane confinement. Adsorption involves weak physical binding of enzymes to a carrier, while covalent binding uses chemical bonds to strongly attach enzymes. Entrapment traps enzymes within a gel or fiber matrix. Immobilized enzymes have various applications in food production, industrial processes, and biotechnology.
Biodiesel production process
This document reviews biodiesel production methods using chemical and biological catalysts. Biodiesel can be produced via transesterification, where triglycerides from oils react with alcohol to form esters and glycerol. This reaction is catalyzed by acids, bases, or enzymes. Key process variables that affect conversion rates include the type of catalyst, substrate, temperature, solvent, molar ratios, and glycerol byproduct removal. While base catalysis is most common, acid and enzyme methods allow processing of low-quality feedstocks. Alternative acyl acceptors like methyl acetate and dimethyl carbonate also show promise. Overall, optimizing catalysts, substrates, and process conditions can improve biodiesel
Biodiesel production from oleaginous microorganisms
Microorganisms such as microalgae, fungi and bacteria have the potential to be used for biodiesel production as they can accumulate high amounts of lipids. Oleaginous microorganisms accumulate over 20% of their dry weight as lipids. While microalgae and some fungi have been shown to accumulate over 60% lipids, genetic engineering and screening methods aim to further improve lipid yields. The biodiesel produced from microbial lipids has properties that meet biodiesel standards but the high costs of production need to be reduced for microbial biodiesel to compete with conventional fuels.
Microbial transformation
Microbial transformation, or biotransformation, refers to processes where microorganisms convert organic compounds into structurally related products through one or few enzymatic reactions, as opposed to fermentation which involves many reactions. Biotransformations are preferred over chemical reactions for reasons such as substrate specificity, stereospecificity, and producing little environmental pollution. Various types of chemical reactions occur in biotransformations including oxidation, reduction, hydrolysis, and isomerization. A wide variety of biological catalysts can be used including growing cells, resting cells, immobilized cells, cell-free extracts, and immobilized enzymes. Product recovery methods include precipitation, extraction, adsorption, and distillation.
Immunology & immunological preparation
This document provides an overview of immunology and immunological preparations. It discusses the history and key discoveries in immunology, including the earliest references to immunity in 430 BC and Edward Jenner's development of the smallpox vaccine in 1798. It also summarizes the types of immunity, components of the immune system including B cells, T cells, antibodies, and antigen presenting cells. The roles of innate and acquired immunity are described.
Genetic recombination
This document discusses genetic recombination in bacteria. It defines several key terms and describes three main processes of genetic recombination in prokaryotes: transformation, transduction, and conjugation. Transformation involves donor DNA being taken up from the environment, transduction involves DNA transfer mediated by a virus, and conjugation involves cell-to-cell contact and plasmid transfer. The document also discusses Griffith's experiment, which provided early evidence of bacterial transformation, and the role of RecA protein in general recombination between homologous DNA sequences.
Emission spectroscopy
The document discusses atomic emission spectroscopy (AES) and two specific techniques: flame photometry and inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES). Flame photometry uses a low temperature flame to atomize samples and determine the presence and concentration of sodium, potassium, lithium, and calcium. ICP-AES uses a plasma torch to produce excited atoms and ions from samples. The plasma is much hotter than a flame and allows for more complete atomization and a wider dynamic range of analysis.
Flame emission spectroscopy
Flame photometry is a technique for elemental analysis that uses the characteristic wavelengths of light emitted from atoms excited in a flame. A sample solution is nebulized into the flame and the atoms are excited to higher energy levels. As they fall back to lower levels, they emit light of specific wavelengths. A monochromator isolates the desired wavelength which is measured by a detector. The intensity of light emitted relates to the concentration of the element in the original sample solution, allowing for quantitative analysis. Flame photometry can be used to detect various metals at concentrations as low as parts per million.
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