flexor compartment of the forearm. pptx

1. FLEXOR COMPARTMENT
OF THE FOREARM

2. IT CONSISTS OF:
1. MUSCLES: EIGHT MUSCLES, ARRANGED IN TWO GROUPS.
2. ARTERIES: TWO ARTERIES, RADIAL AND ULNAR.
3. NERVES: THREE NERVES, MEDIAN, ULNAR, AND RADIAL.
Front of the forearm

4. THE MUSCLES ARE DIVIDED INTO TWO GROUPS:
SUPERFICIAL AND DEEP MUSCLES.
SUPERFICIAL MUSCLES(FROM LATERAL TO MEDIAL SIDE)
1. PRONATOR TERES
2. FLEXOR CARPI RADIALIS
3. PALMARIS LONGUS
4. FLEXOR DIGITORUM SUPERFICIALIS
5. FLEXOR CARPI ULNARIS
Muscles of the front of the forearm

5. ALL THESE MUSCLES ARE FLEXOR OF THE
FOREARM AND HAVE A COMMON
ORIGIN- FROM THE FRONT OF THE MEDIAL
EPICONDYLE OF THE HUMERUS(COMMON
FLEXOR ORIGIN).
NOTE:

6. > SMALLEST AND MOST LATERAL.
>FORMS THE MEDIAL BORDER OF CUBITAL FOSSA.
ORIGIN: ARISES BY TWO HEADS
(A):HUMERAL(SUPERFICIAL)HEAD FROM THE MEDIAL EPICONDYLE OF HUMERUS.
(B):ULNAR(DEEP)HEAD FROM THE MEDIAL MARGIN OF CORONOID PROCESS OF ULNA.
INSERTION: INTO THE ROUGH IMPRESSION ON MIDDLE 1/3RD
OF LATERAL SURFACE OF THE RADIUS.
NERVE SUPPLY: MEDIAN NERVE
ACTIONS: MAIN PRONATOR. HELPS IN FLEXION OF ELBOW.
1. Pronator Teres

8. ORIGIN: MEDIAL EPICONDYLE OF HUMERUS BY COMMON FLEXOR ORIGIN.
INSERTION: THE ANTERIOR ASPECTS OF THE SECOND AND THIRD METACARPALS.
NERVE SUPPLY: MEDIAN NERVE
ACTIONS: 1. ACTING WITH THE FLEXOR CARPI ULNARIS, IT FLEXES THE WRIST.
2. ACTING WITH BRACHIORADIALIS, IT ABDUCTS WRIST.
2. Flexor Carpi Radialis

9. ORIGIN: MEDIAL EPICONDYLE OF HUMERUS BY A COMMON FLEXOR
ORIGIN.
INSERTION: CROSSES SUPERFICIAL TO THE FLEXOR RETINACULUM AND
ATTACHES TO ITS DISTAL PART,JOINS THE APEX OF PALMAR
APONEUROSIS.
NERVE SUPPLY: MEDIAN NERVE
ACTIONS: FLEXES THE WRIST, MAKES THE PALMAR APONEUROSES
TENSE.
3.Palmaris Longus

10. ORIGIN: (A)HUMERAL HEAD FROM THE MEDIAL EPICONDYLE OF
HUMERUS BY A COMMON FLEXOR ORIGIN.
(B)ULNAR HEAD FROM MEDIAL MARGIN OF THE OLECRANON
PROCESS, BY APONEUROSIS FROM UPPER 2/3RDS OF POSTERIOR
BORDER OF ULNA.
INSERTION: TO PISIFORM BONE
THROUGH PISOHAMMATE AND PISOMETACARPAL LIGAMENTS
HOOK OF HAMATE AND BASE OF FIFTH METACARPAL.
NERVE SUPPLY: ULNAR NERVE
ACTIONS: FLEXOR OF WRIST,ALONG WITH ECU – ADDUCTION OF
WRIST
 4. Flexor Carpi Ulnaris

11. ORIGIN: TWO HEADS
HUMERO-ULNAR
MEDIAL EPICONDYLE OF HUMERUS AND MEDIAL MARGIN OF CORONOID PROCESS
RADIAL HEAD
WHOLE LENGTH OF ANT. OBLIQUE LINE OF RADIUS
COURSE: FORM FOUR TENDONS ABOVE WRIST ARRANGED IN SUPERFICIAL (MOSTLY RADIAL) AND DEEP GROUP OF
TWO EACH
PASSES BELOW FL. RETINACULUM AND DIVERGE IN PALM
SUPERFICIAL – FOR MIDDLE AND RING FINGER
DEEP – FOR INDEX AND RING FINGER.
NERVE SUPPLY: MEDIAN NERVE
 5. Flexor Digitorum Superficialis

12. FLEXOR POLLICIS LONGUS
FLEXOR DIGITORUM PROFUNDUS
PRONATOR QUADRATUS
Deep Muscles

16. (A): ULNAR
(B): RADIAL
Arteries of the front of the forearm

17. >LARGER TERMINAL BRANCH OF THE BRACHIAL ARTERY.
IT BEGINS IN THE CUBITAL FOSSA AT THE LEVEL OF THE NECK OF
THE RADIUS, RUNS DOWNWARDS AND REACHES THE MEDIAL
SIDE OF THE FOREARM MIDWAY BETWEEN THE ELBOW AND
WRIST.
ULNAR Artery

18. BRANCHES:
1. MUSCULAR BRANCHES TO NEIGHBOURING MUSCLES.
2. ANTERIOR AND POSTERIOR ULNAR COLLATERAL ARTERIES: TAKE PART IN ARTERIAL ANASTOMOSIS AROUND ELBOW
JOINT.
3. COMMON INTEROSSEOUS ARTERY
4. ANTERIOR AND POSTERIOR ULNAR CARPAL BRANCHES
5. TERMINAL BRANCHES

19. >THE SMALLER TERMINAL BRANCH OF THE BRACHIAL ARTERY.
IT BEGINS IN THE CUBITAL FOSSA AT THE LEVEL OF THE NECK OF THE
RADIUS.IT PASSES DOWNWARD TO THE WRIST WITH LATERAL CONVEXITY.
>IT IS QUITE SUPERFICIAL THROUGHOUT ITS WHOLE COURSE AS COMPARED
TO THE ULNAR ARTERY.
Radial artery

20. BRANCHES:
1. MUSCULAR BRANCHES TO THE LATERAL MUSCLES OF THE FOREARM.
2. RADIAL RECURRENT ARTERY ARISES IN THE CUBITAL FOSSA AND TAKES PART IN THE ARTERIAL ANASTOMOSE
AROUND THE ELBOW JOINT.
3. PALMAR CARPAL BRANCH ARISES NEAR THE WRIST AND ANASTOMOSES WITH THE PALMAR CARPAL BRANCH
4. SUPERFICIAL PALMAR BRANCH ARISES JUST ABOVE THE WRIST AND ENTERS THE PALM OF THE HAND BY
PASSING IN FRONT OF THE FLEXOR RETINACULUM.
RADIAL ARTERY IS NORMALLY USED TO TAKE PULSE AND INCREASINGLY BEING AS A MAIN PORTAL FOR
INTERVENTIONAL RADIOLOGY

22. (A)MEDIAL
(B)RADIAL
(C)ULNAR
Nerves of the front of the
forearm