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Flannery O’Connor andFlannery O’Connor and
IronyIrony
Flannery O’Connor (1925 – 1965)Flannery O’Connor (1925 – 1965)
 Born in Savannah, GeorgiaBorn in Savannah, Georgia
 Applied to Iowa Writer'sApplied to Iowa Writer's
Workshop, but almostWorkshop, but almost
rejected because therejected because the
admissions intervieweradmissions interviewer
couldn't understand hercouldn't understand her
southern accentsouthern accent
 Diagnosed with lupus whenDiagnosed with lupus when
she was 25she was 25
O’Connor continued…O’Connor continued…
 A Good Man is Hard to FindA Good Man is Hard to Find (1955) – short story(1955) – short story
collectioncollection
 Filled her stories with crazy preachers, murderers, theFilled her stories with crazy preachers, murderers, the
deformed, the disabled, freaks and outcasts.deformed, the disabled, freaks and outcasts.
 Inspired by gothic literature (horror and violence)Inspired by gothic literature (horror and violence)
 Focused on the grotesque because she said, "To the hardFocused on the grotesque because she said, "To the hard
of hearing you shout, and for the almost-blind you drawof hearing you shout, and for the almost-blind you draw
large and startling figures.“large and startling figures.“
 O’Connor was a devout Catholic; lots of religiousO’Connor was a devout Catholic; lots of religious
imagery in her storiesimagery in her stories
IronyIrony
 a literary device whereby a reader’sa literary device whereby a reader’s
expectations are reversedexpectations are reversed
 a literary device whereby what is going on ora literary device whereby what is going on or
being said on the surface of the narrative isbeing said on the surface of the narrative is
undercut and reversed by implications beneathundercut and reversed by implications beneath
the surface.the surface.
 Three Types of IronyThree Types of Irony
 Verbal (sarcasm)Verbal (sarcasm)
 Situational (wow, didn’t see that coming)Situational (wow, didn’t see that coming)
 Dramatic (how could you not see that coming?)Dramatic (how could you not see that coming?)
 RecognizingRecognizing ironyirony in a story can be veryin a story can be very
helpful in determining ahelpful in determining a themetheme of a storyof a story
 What is theWhat is the themetheme of “The Life You Saveof “The Life You Save
May Be Your Own”?May Be Your Own”?
 What are some examples ofWhat are some examples of ironyirony in “The Lifein “The Life
You Save May Be Your Own”?You Save May Be Your Own”?
Examples of IronyExamples of Irony
 Mrs. Crater talks about never wanting to part with herMrs. Crater talks about never wanting to part with her
daughter, but we learn that she is “ravenous” for adaughter, but we learn that she is “ravenous” for a
son in law.son in law.
 Mrs. Crater wants a son-in-law for security, but sheMrs. Crater wants a son-in-law for security, but she
gets one who robs her.gets one who robs her.
 Shiftlet complains about the “rotten” world but isShiftlet complains about the “rotten” world but is
himself an example of its rot.himself an example of its rot.
 Shiftlet complains about the difficulty of finding anShiftlet complains about the difficulty of finding an
innocent woman but does not want the innocentinnocent woman but does not want the innocent
woman he gets.woman he gets.
 Lucynell’s innocence is not virtue but idiocy.Lucynell’s innocence is not virtue but idiocy.
Examples of IronyExamples of Irony
 Mrs. Crater talks about never wanting to part with herMrs. Crater talks about never wanting to part with her
daughter, but we learn that she is “ravenous” for adaughter, but we learn that she is “ravenous” for a
son in law.son in law.
 Mrs. Crater wants a son-in-law for security, but sheMrs. Crater wants a son-in-law for security, but she
gets one who robs her.gets one who robs her.
 Shiftlet complains about the “rotten” world but isShiftlet complains about the “rotten” world but is
himself an example of its rot.himself an example of its rot.
 Shiftlet complains about the difficulty of finding anShiftlet complains about the difficulty of finding an
innocent woman but does not want the innocentinnocent woman but does not want the innocent
woman he gets.woman he gets.
 Lucynell’s innocence is not virtue but idiocy.Lucynell’s innocence is not virtue but idiocy.

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Flannery o’connor-and-irony

  • 1. Flannery O’Connor andFlannery O’Connor and IronyIrony
  • 2. Flannery O’Connor (1925 – 1965)Flannery O’Connor (1925 – 1965)  Born in Savannah, GeorgiaBorn in Savannah, Georgia  Applied to Iowa Writer'sApplied to Iowa Writer's Workshop, but almostWorkshop, but almost rejected because therejected because the admissions intervieweradmissions interviewer couldn't understand hercouldn't understand her southern accentsouthern accent  Diagnosed with lupus whenDiagnosed with lupus when she was 25she was 25
  • 3. O’Connor continued…O’Connor continued…  A Good Man is Hard to FindA Good Man is Hard to Find (1955) – short story(1955) – short story collectioncollection  Filled her stories with crazy preachers, murderers, theFilled her stories with crazy preachers, murderers, the deformed, the disabled, freaks and outcasts.deformed, the disabled, freaks and outcasts.  Inspired by gothic literature (horror and violence)Inspired by gothic literature (horror and violence)  Focused on the grotesque because she said, "To the hardFocused on the grotesque because she said, "To the hard of hearing you shout, and for the almost-blind you drawof hearing you shout, and for the almost-blind you draw large and startling figures.“large and startling figures.“  O’Connor was a devout Catholic; lots of religiousO’Connor was a devout Catholic; lots of religious imagery in her storiesimagery in her stories
  • 4. IronyIrony  a literary device whereby a reader’sa literary device whereby a reader’s expectations are reversedexpectations are reversed  a literary device whereby what is going on ora literary device whereby what is going on or being said on the surface of the narrative isbeing said on the surface of the narrative is undercut and reversed by implications beneathundercut and reversed by implications beneath the surface.the surface.  Three Types of IronyThree Types of Irony  Verbal (sarcasm)Verbal (sarcasm)  Situational (wow, didn’t see that coming)Situational (wow, didn’t see that coming)  Dramatic (how could you not see that coming?)Dramatic (how could you not see that coming?)
  • 5.  RecognizingRecognizing ironyirony in a story can be veryin a story can be very helpful in determining ahelpful in determining a themetheme of a storyof a story  What is theWhat is the themetheme of “The Life You Saveof “The Life You Save May Be Your Own”?May Be Your Own”?  What are some examples ofWhat are some examples of ironyirony in “The Lifein “The Life You Save May Be Your Own”?You Save May Be Your Own”?
  • 6. Examples of IronyExamples of Irony  Mrs. Crater talks about never wanting to part with herMrs. Crater talks about never wanting to part with her daughter, but we learn that she is “ravenous” for adaughter, but we learn that she is “ravenous” for a son in law.son in law.  Mrs. Crater wants a son-in-law for security, but sheMrs. Crater wants a son-in-law for security, but she gets one who robs her.gets one who robs her.  Shiftlet complains about the “rotten” world but isShiftlet complains about the “rotten” world but is himself an example of its rot.himself an example of its rot.  Shiftlet complains about the difficulty of finding anShiftlet complains about the difficulty of finding an innocent woman but does not want the innocentinnocent woman but does not want the innocent woman he gets.woman he gets.  Lucynell’s innocence is not virtue but idiocy.Lucynell’s innocence is not virtue but idiocy.
  • 7. Examples of IronyExamples of Irony  Mrs. Crater talks about never wanting to part with herMrs. Crater talks about never wanting to part with her daughter, but we learn that she is “ravenous” for adaughter, but we learn that she is “ravenous” for a son in law.son in law.  Mrs. Crater wants a son-in-law for security, but sheMrs. Crater wants a son-in-law for security, but she gets one who robs her.gets one who robs her.  Shiftlet complains about the “rotten” world but isShiftlet complains about the “rotten” world but is himself an example of its rot.himself an example of its rot.  Shiftlet complains about the difficulty of finding anShiftlet complains about the difficulty of finding an innocent woman but does not want the innocentinnocent woman but does not want the innocent woman he gets.woman he gets.  Lucynell’s innocence is not virtue but idiocy.Lucynell’s innocence is not virtue but idiocy.