This document discusses fiscal policy in India. It defines fiscal policy as how a government adjusts spending and tax rates to influence the economy, based on Keynesian economics. The main objectives of fiscal policy are outlined as development, reducing inequality, price stability, employment generation, balanced regional development, and increasing national income through infrastructure development and foreign exchange earnings. The key instruments of fiscal policy are the budget, public expenditure, public debt, and taxation. Fiscal policy types include expansionary policy through tax cuts and spending increases and contractionary policy through tax hikes and spending decreases. The current situation notes India aims to achieve a 3.3% fiscal deficit target through boosting direct and indirect tax collection rates.
Monetary policy in pakistan.
How monetary policy works
Monetary policy tools
Target rates
Central bank policy
State Bank Of Pakistan
Inflation rate
Interest rate
Economic growth
balance policy
Fiscal policy in India refers to the use of government spending and taxation to influence the economy. It is a critical component of the overall economic policy framework and is aimed at achieving macroeconomic objectives such as economic growth, employment generation, price stability, and equitable distribution of income.
Key Elements of Fiscal Policy in India:
Budgetary Process:
The Union Budget is the annual financial statement of the government, presented in Parliament. It outlines the government’s revenue and expenditure plans for the fiscal year.
Revenue and Expenditure:
The government’s revenue comes from sources like taxes, non-tax revenue, and capital receipts. Expenditure includes both revenue expenditure (day-to-day expenses) and capital expenditure (investment in infrastructure and assets).
Taxation:
The government uses taxation as a tool to raise revenue and influence economic behavior. It can adjust tax rates, introduce new taxes, or provide tax incentives to achieve specific economic goals.
Subsidies:
The government may provide subsidies to support specific sectors, reduce the cost of essential goods and services, or promote inclusive development.
Deficit Management:
Fiscal deficit, revenue deficit, and primary deficit are key indicators of the government’s fiscal health. The government aims to manage these deficits to ensure fiscal sustainability.
Public Debt Management:
The government borrows funds through the issuance of government securities. Effective debt management is crucial to prevent excessive reliance on borrowing and to manage interest costs.
Monetary policy in pakistan.
How monetary policy works
Monetary policy tools
Target rates
Central bank policy
State Bank Of Pakistan
Inflation rate
Interest rate
Economic growth
balance policy
Fiscal policy in India refers to the use of government spending and taxation to influence the economy. It is a critical component of the overall economic policy framework and is aimed at achieving macroeconomic objectives such as economic growth, employment generation, price stability, and equitable distribution of income.
Key Elements of Fiscal Policy in India:
Budgetary Process:
The Union Budget is the annual financial statement of the government, presented in Parliament. It outlines the government’s revenue and expenditure plans for the fiscal year.
Revenue and Expenditure:
The government’s revenue comes from sources like taxes, non-tax revenue, and capital receipts. Expenditure includes both revenue expenditure (day-to-day expenses) and capital expenditure (investment in infrastructure and assets).
Taxation:
The government uses taxation as a tool to raise revenue and influence economic behavior. It can adjust tax rates, introduce new taxes, or provide tax incentives to achieve specific economic goals.
Subsidies:
The government may provide subsidies to support specific sectors, reduce the cost of essential goods and services, or promote inclusive development.
Deficit Management:
Fiscal deficit, revenue deficit, and primary deficit are key indicators of the government’s fiscal health. The government aims to manage these deficits to ensure fiscal sustainability.
Public Debt Management:
The government borrows funds through the issuance of government securities. Effective debt management is crucial to prevent excessive reliance on borrowing and to manage interest costs.
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The European Unemployment Puzzle: implications from population agingGRAPE
We study the link between the evolving age structure of the working population and unemployment. We build a large new Keynesian OLG model with a realistic age structure, labor market frictions, sticky prices, and aggregate shocks. Once calibrated to the European economy, we quantify the extent to which demographic changes over the last three decades have contributed to the decline of the unemployment rate. Our findings yield important implications for the future evolution of unemployment given the anticipated further aging of the working population in Europe. We also quantify the implications for optimal monetary policy: lowering inflation volatility becomes less costly in terms of GDP and unemployment volatility, which hints that optimal monetary policy may be more hawkish in an aging society. Finally, our results also propose a partial reversal of the European-US unemployment puzzle due to the fact that the share of young workers is expected to remain robust in the US.
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Currently pi network is not tradable on binance or any other exchange because we are still in the enclosed mainnet.
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What is a pi merchant?
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Tele-gram
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Falcon stands out as a top-tier P2P Invoice Discounting platform in India, bridging esteemed blue-chip companies and eager investors. Our goal is to transform the investment landscape in India by establishing a comprehensive destination for borrowers and investors with diverse profiles and needs, all while minimizing risk. What sets Falcon apart is the elimination of intermediaries such as commercial banks and depository institutions, allowing investors to enjoy higher yields.
Introduction to Indian Financial System ()Avanish Goel
The financial system of a country is an important tool for economic development of the country, as it helps in creation of wealth by linking savings with investments.
It facilitates the flow of funds form the households (savers) to business firms (investors) to aid in wealth creation and development of both the parties
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@Pi_vendor_247
Exploring Abhay Bhutada’s Views After Poonawalla Fincorp’s Collaboration With...beulahfernandes8
The financial landscape in India has witnessed a significant development with the recent collaboration between Poonawalla Fincorp and IndusInd Bank.
The launch of the co-branded credit card, the IndusInd Bank Poonawalla Fincorp eLITE RuPay Platinum Credit Card, marks a major milestone for both entities.
This strategic move aims to redefine and elevate the banking experience for customers.
Turin Startup Ecosystem 2024 - Ricerca sulle Startup e il Sistema dell'Innov...Quotidiano Piemontese
Turin Startup Ecosystem 2024
Una ricerca de il Club degli Investitori, in collaborazione con ToTeM Torino Tech Map e con il supporto della ESCP Business School e di Growth Capital
what is the future of Pi Network currency.DOT TECH
The future of the Pi cryptocurrency is uncertain, and its success will depend on several factors. Pi is a relatively new cryptocurrency that aims to be user-friendly and accessible to a wide audience. Here are a few key considerations for its future:
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1. Mainnet Launch: As of my last knowledge update in January 2022, Pi was still in the testnet phase. Its success will depend on a successful transition to a mainnet, where actual transactions can take place.
2. User Adoption: Pi's success will be closely tied to user adoption. The more users who join the network and actively participate, the stronger the ecosystem can become.
3. Utility and Use Cases: For a cryptocurrency to thrive, it must offer utility and practical use cases. The Pi team has talked about various applications, including peer-to-peer transactions, smart contracts, and more. The development and implementation of these features will be essential.
4. Regulatory Environment: The regulatory environment for cryptocurrencies is evolving globally. How Pi navigates and complies with regulations in various jurisdictions will significantly impact its future.
5. Technology Development: The Pi network must continue to develop and improve its technology, security, and scalability to compete with established cryptocurrencies.
6. Community Engagement: The Pi community plays a critical role in its future. Engaged users can help build trust and grow the network.
7. Monetization and Sustainability: The Pi team's monetization strategy, such as fees, partnerships, or other revenue sources, will affect its long-term sustainability.
It's essential to approach Pi or any new cryptocurrency with caution and conduct due diligence. Cryptocurrency investments involve risks, and potential rewards can be uncertain. The success and future of Pi will depend on the collective efforts of its team, community, and the broader cryptocurrency market dynamics. It's advisable to stay updated on Pi's development and follow any updates from the official Pi Network website or announcements from the team.
3. ▪ Introduction
1. Fiscal policy is the means by which a government adjusts its
spending levels and tax rate to monitor and influence a
nation's economy
2. Fiscal policy is based on the theories of British economist
"JHON MAYNARD KEYNES" whose "KEYNESIAN
ECONOMICS" indicate that government changes in the level
of taxation and government spending influences aggregate
demand and the level of economic activity.
3. It is sister strategy to monetary policy through which a central
bank influences nation's money supply. These two policies
are used in various combination to direct country's Eco-fiscal
policy.
4. Using a mix of monetary and fiscal policies, government can
4. Main objectives of Fiscal policy
▪ Development by
effective mobilization of
resources
▪ reduction in
inequalities of income
and wealth
▪ price stability and
control of inflation
▪ Employment
generation
▪ Balanced regional
development
▪ increases national
income
▪ Development of
infrastructure
▪ Foreign exchange
earnings
7. Types of fiscal policy
Fiscal Policy types
Expansionary Fiscal
Policy
its is a form of fiscal policy
that involves decreasing
taxes, increasing government
expenditure. Decrease in
taxes means households have
more disposal incomes to
Contractionary Fiscal Policy
it is a form of fiscal policy
that involves increasing
taxes, decreasing
government expenditure.
Increase in taxes means
households have less
9. Current situation
Shubhash Chandra
Garg, the financial
secretary,the
government is looking
to achieve the fiscal
deficit target of 3.3% in
2019-2020 by boosting
their revenue.
According to him,
direct taxes
collections will
increase by 17.5% and
indirect taxes will
increase as predicted
by 15%.
