1) Some environmental agents like aflatoxin and cadmium can potentially transfer into breastmilk and affect infants, while others like aspartame require caution only if the mother or infant has a specific condition.
2) Bromide from photographic laboratories may potentially be absorbed and transferred into breastmilk.
3) Most environmental agents have no reported signs or symptoms in breastfed infants or effects on lactation according to the reference document. The document provides cautions for a few specific agents if certain conditions are present in the mother or infant.
The document discusses strategies for feeding healthy families. It covers topics like food as a developmental tool from infancy through childhood, introducing solid foods, common concerns like picky eaters and food allergies. Specific strategies proposed include supporting breastfeeding, preparing first foods from whole foods, encouraging balanced meals and snacks, and exercising caution with commercial baby foods. The overall goal is to help support better metabolic health for children through feeding practices.
Slaying the sugar toothed tiger: Why we crave sugar and how to calm the beastBonnie Modugno, MS, RD
Discussion reviewing a range of factors that influence taste preferences and cravings for refined starch and sugar. Specific recommendations to reestablish a more grounded metabolism and effective self
Growth charts can show different growth patterns for breastfed babies depending on the chart used. Body weight alone cannot distinguish between lean mass and fat mass. BMI is a poor measure of adiposity. Obesity is related to both genetics and environmental factors like increased access to highly palatable foods and reduced physical activity requirements. The optimal ratio of omega-6 to omega-3 fatty acids is debated but is generally thought to be between 1:1 and 4:1. Highly processed Western diets have become deficient in omega-3 fatty acids and excessive in omega-6 fatty acids.
Agenda
The magnitude of the problem.
Risk factors of growth failure in infants and children.
Effect of good nutrition on growth.
The proper time for an intervention.
What are the management goals?
Important nutrients for optimal growth: Arginine & Vitamin K2.
This document discusses nutrition concepts for toddlers and preschoolers. It covers normal growth and development, energy and nutrient needs, common nutrition problems like iron-deficiency anemia and dental caries, and feeding skills and food preferences at different ages. Parents and caregivers play an important role in establishing healthy eating habits during these early childhood years.
The document discusses infant nutrition and feeding recommendations for the first year. It notes that breast milk is the ideal diet for infants in the first year due to its high nutrition and easy digestibility. Formula is an inferior substitute that carries health risks. It provides guidelines for introducing iron-fortified cereal at 6 months and vitamin supplements. It discusses proper bottle feeding techniques and warns against cow's milk for infants under 1 year due to potential health issues. It also summarizes research finding that thickening formula can reduce regurgitation in infants by decreasing non-acid reflux episodes.
Infant Nutrition to 2020- An Ideation StudyBrand Acumen
This document summarizes the findings of a study on infant nutrition trends conducted for Company X. Key trends identified include growing demand for fresh, local, whole foods and concerns about the overall nutrition quality and safety of the food supply. Issues like childhood obesity, vitamin/mineral deficiencies, and unhealthy eating behaviors are ongoing problems. The document also discusses awareness and perceptions of functional foods and emerging research areas like personalized nutrition using mobile technologies. Identification of current nutrition, behavior, and weight management trends in both children and adults is provided to help inform new product development opportunities.
The document discusses strategies for feeding healthy families. It covers topics like food as a developmental tool from infancy through childhood, introducing solid foods, common concerns like picky eaters and food allergies. Specific strategies proposed include supporting breastfeeding, preparing first foods from whole foods, encouraging balanced meals and snacks, and exercising caution with commercial baby foods. The overall goal is to help support better metabolic health for children through feeding practices.
Slaying the sugar toothed tiger: Why we crave sugar and how to calm the beastBonnie Modugno, MS, RD
Discussion reviewing a range of factors that influence taste preferences and cravings for refined starch and sugar. Specific recommendations to reestablish a more grounded metabolism and effective self
Growth charts can show different growth patterns for breastfed babies depending on the chart used. Body weight alone cannot distinguish between lean mass and fat mass. BMI is a poor measure of adiposity. Obesity is related to both genetics and environmental factors like increased access to highly palatable foods and reduced physical activity requirements. The optimal ratio of omega-6 to omega-3 fatty acids is debated but is generally thought to be between 1:1 and 4:1. Highly processed Western diets have become deficient in omega-3 fatty acids and excessive in omega-6 fatty acids.
Agenda
The magnitude of the problem.
Risk factors of growth failure in infants and children.
Effect of good nutrition on growth.
The proper time for an intervention.
What are the management goals?
Important nutrients for optimal growth: Arginine & Vitamin K2.
This document discusses nutrition concepts for toddlers and preschoolers. It covers normal growth and development, energy and nutrient needs, common nutrition problems like iron-deficiency anemia and dental caries, and feeding skills and food preferences at different ages. Parents and caregivers play an important role in establishing healthy eating habits during these early childhood years.
The document discusses infant nutrition and feeding recommendations for the first year. It notes that breast milk is the ideal diet for infants in the first year due to its high nutrition and easy digestibility. Formula is an inferior substitute that carries health risks. It provides guidelines for introducing iron-fortified cereal at 6 months and vitamin supplements. It discusses proper bottle feeding techniques and warns against cow's milk for infants under 1 year due to potential health issues. It also summarizes research finding that thickening formula can reduce regurgitation in infants by decreasing non-acid reflux episodes.
Infant Nutrition to 2020- An Ideation StudyBrand Acumen
This document summarizes the findings of a study on infant nutrition trends conducted for Company X. Key trends identified include growing demand for fresh, local, whole foods and concerns about the overall nutrition quality and safety of the food supply. Issues like childhood obesity, vitamin/mineral deficiencies, and unhealthy eating behaviors are ongoing problems. The document also discusses awareness and perceptions of functional foods and emerging research areas like personalized nutrition using mobile technologies. Identification of current nutrition, behavior, and weight management trends in both children and adults is provided to help inform new product development opportunities.
This document discusses nutritional needs for toddlers and young children. It emphasizes the importance of a healthy, balanced diet for proper growth and development. This includes eating a healthy breakfast based on breads and cereals along with a variety of foods. The document also discusses portion sizes, packed lunches, and provides tips for parents on encouraging nutritious eating habits for young kids.
Today more than ever, nutrition appears to be a testing ground where differences and inequalities between North and South of the world measure against each other, in particular with regards to childhood. n developed countries, if on the one hand obesity and overweight are dramatically increasing among young people, on the other adults has been affecting more and more by cardiovascular diseases and diabetes (type 2), pathologies on which (bad) nutrition habits, usually acquired during childhood and adolescence, have a strong effect. In developing countries, the scenario confirms the existence of a discouraging and apparently never ending emergence: millions of children are underweight because of chronic nutrition’s deficiency and malnutrition is one of the first childish deseases.
Pediatric Nutrition for Children of different Age GroupsEPIC Health
Pediatric nutrition guidelines vary by age but all aim to support optimal growth and development through essential nutrients. For newborns, breast milk alone is best for the first six months. Around six months, solid foods can be introduced like mashed banana and rice cereal. For toddlers, meals should include a variety of foods from all nutrition groups while avoiding overly salty or sugary snacks. Preschoolers benefit from plenty of fruits and vegetables as well as meals at set times to encourage healthy eating habits.
This document discusses neonatal and infant nutrition. It covers:
1. The importance of fetal and breastfeeding nutrition for short and long-term health outcomes. Breastfeeding provides optimal nutrition as well as protection from diseases for both infant and mother.
2. Guidelines for assessing adequate breastfeeding including weight gain patterns, number of wet diapers, stool frequency and appearance. Supplements like vitamin K may be needed for breastfed infants.
3. Risks of intrauterine growth restriction including hypoglycemia, necrotizing enterocolitis and problems of prematurity. Guidelines are provided for feeding preterm or growth restricted infants to minimize risks like NEC.
This document discusses infant nutrition from birth to one year. It defines newborns and infants, outlines their growth and nutritional needs, and provides guidelines for introducing solid foods and water. Proper infant nutrition is important for development as infants rely on caretakers to feed them. Nutritional needs change as infants grow, starting with frequent feedings of breastmilk or formula, then adding cereals and pureed foods before self-feeding table foods by 12 months. Guidelines recommend slowly introducing one new food at a time to identify allergies.
Breast milk is uniquely suited to provide ideal nutrition for infant growth and development. The World Health Organization recommends exclusive breastfeeding for the first six months of life, followed by continued breastfeeding and appropriate complementary foods up to two years or beyond. Key guidelines include initiating breastfeeding within one hour of birth, exclusive breastfeeding for six months with no other food or drink, and continued breastfeeding alongside adequate complementary foods introduced at six months.
MAKING THE CHILDREN NUTRITION CONSCIOUS IN RELATION TO MALNUTRITIONJack Frost
MAKING THE CHILDREN NUTRITION CONSCIOUS IN RELATION TO MALNUTRITION, THESIS WRITING. This presentation contains real names of persons involve of this particular study. This names should not be copied or rewritten. Used the data of this study as basis only of your thesis writing. All rights reserved 2009.
The document provides information on feeding and nutrition for young children aged 0-5 years. It discusses the changing nutritional needs as children develop from infancy to age 5. Nutrition is important for energy, growth, development and health. Rapid growth occurs in the first year as weight doubles and brain weight increases. Breastmilk is recommended for infants under 6 months as it provides optimal nutrition for growth and brain development. Introduction of solid foods should start around 6 months once infants develop necessary skills. Healthy eating habits established in childhood can impact future health. The document provides guidelines on appropriate servings and components of meals at different ages.
The document provides information on the importance of a balanced diet for toddlers and the specific vitamins and minerals that are essential for their growth and development. It discusses that a balanced diet with a variety of foods from the main food groups supplies toddlers with all the nutrients needed. Some key vitamins and minerals discussed include calcium for bone health, vitamin C for immune system support, B vitamins for energy conversion, iodine for brain development, and zinc for growth. Food sources for each are also listed. The document emphasizes establishing healthy eating habits early and limiting foods high in fat, sugar, salt and certain fish for toddlers.
This document discusses methods for assessing the nutritional status of infants. It outlines direct methods like anthropometric measurements of weight, length, head circumference, and mid-upper arm circumference. It also discusses biochemical markers and clinical signs. Indirect methods include analyzing ecological, economic, and vital health statistics. The goal of nutritional assessments is to identify malnutrition, develop appropriate health programs, and measure their effectiveness. Anthropometric measurements are compared to reference standards to evaluate nutritional status.
This document provides guidance on complementary feeding or weaning for infants after 6 months of age. It states that breast milk alone is not sufficient to meet nutritional needs after 6 months and other foods should be gradually introduced along with continued breastfeeding. It provides recommendations on appropriate food consistencies, frequencies and amounts at different ages, ensuring hygienic preparation and storage of weaning foods. The document also outlines signs that an infant is ready for complementary feeding and the advantages and disadvantages of weaning.
A healthy diet plan for a growing child is essential as it will help him grow, develop and maintain right weight as per his age. Children raised on fruits, vegetables and whole grains grow up to be healthier and slimmer as compared to others. Here is a diet plan that could help you in choosing the right diet for your kid.
Power of nutrition for the first 1000 days by jess 06082016 slideshareJessWongHuiJuan1
The document is a presentation by Wong Hui Juan on nutrition in the first 1000 days of life. It covers topics like the importance of nutrition during pregnancy, lactation, and complementary feeding. It discusses recommendations for introducing solid foods at 6 months, appropriate food textures and amounts as the baby grows. The presentation provides information on meeting nutrient needs and establishing healthy eating habits. It also addresses common concerns parents have around feeding such as poor appetite, food allergies and illness.
A presentation I made for a graduate-level Maternal & Childhood Nutrition course. This PowerPoint focuses on the important role good nutrition can play in this age group, as well as nutrition programs for this age group.
This document provides an overview of nutrition during pregnancy. It discusses topics like physiology of pregnancy, fetal growth and development, pregnancy weight gain recommendations, and nutrient needs. Key points include how the placenta functions in nutrient and gas exchange for the fetus, critical periods of fetal development, recommendations for adequate weight gain and composition of weight gain during pregnancy, and increased energy and nutrient needs including protein, fat, vitamins, minerals, and water. Nutrition is essential for reducing risks of complications like preterm birth and low birthweight.
Baby led weaning involves allowing babies to feed themselves solid foods at around 6 months of age when they are developmentally ready, rather than being spoon fed. Key aspects include having the baby sit with the family during meals and allowing them to explore different tastes and textures of real foods. Benefits include increased confidence, learning to chew effectively, and developing a positive attitude towards food. Safety considerations include ensuring the baby remains upright and supervised, and avoiding choking hazards.
A discourse the ideal feeding practices from pregnancy to infancy with a closer look into malnutrition, breastfeeding, complementary feeding and related interventions.
1) The document discusses nutrition needs and eating behaviors for children from toddlerhood through adolescence.
2) Key nutrient needs include adequate calories, protein, calcium, iron and vitamin D. Frequent small meals are recommended for young kids.
3) Factors that influence eating habits like food preferences are formed early and parents are strong influences. Food jags and picky eating are common and temporary.
This document discusses infant and young child feeding practices. It covers the benefits of breastfeeding for the child, mother, and community. Breast milk provides optimal nutrition and protects against infection. Complementary foods should be introduced at 6 months while continuing breastfeeding up to 2 years. The WHO emphasizes nutrition in the first 1000 days of life. Exclusive breastfeeding for 6 months and appropriate complementary feeding practices according to guidelines promote child health and development.
The chapter discusses nutrition needs during infancy, childhood, and adolescence. During infancy, breast milk or formula is the primary food and solids are gradually introduced between 4-6 months. Special needs of preterm infants include limited nutrient stores. During childhood, energy and nutrient needs vary due to growth and activity levels. Nutrition concerns include lead poisoning, high sugar/fat intake, and iron deficiency. Schools need to provide nutritious foods to children.
This document discusses infant feeding, growth, and development. It covers breastfeeding benefits for infants and mothers. It also discusses artificial feeding and appropriate supplementary foods for weaning. Growth and development are influenced by nutrition, environment, genetics and infections. Monitoring growth ensures children's physical size and skills increase normally. The document provides guidelines on exclusive breastfeeding for six months and continuing after introducing other foods.
Lifecycle nutrition: Pregnancy and LactationHelen Corless
This document provides information on nutrition during pregnancy and lactation. It discusses the importance of good nutrition prior to conception, key nutrients during pregnancy like folate, iron, and calcium, and weight gain recommendations. It describes fetal development from conception through birth and identifies critical periods like early neural tube development. Risks during pregnancy like gestational diabetes and preeclampsia are also covered. The benefits of breastfeeding for both infant and mother are summarized.
This document discusses nutritional needs for toddlers and young children. It emphasizes the importance of a healthy, balanced diet for proper growth and development. This includes eating a healthy breakfast based on breads and cereals along with a variety of foods. The document also discusses portion sizes, packed lunches, and provides tips for parents on encouraging nutritious eating habits for young kids.
Today more than ever, nutrition appears to be a testing ground where differences and inequalities between North and South of the world measure against each other, in particular with regards to childhood. n developed countries, if on the one hand obesity and overweight are dramatically increasing among young people, on the other adults has been affecting more and more by cardiovascular diseases and diabetes (type 2), pathologies on which (bad) nutrition habits, usually acquired during childhood and adolescence, have a strong effect. In developing countries, the scenario confirms the existence of a discouraging and apparently never ending emergence: millions of children are underweight because of chronic nutrition’s deficiency and malnutrition is one of the first childish deseases.
Pediatric Nutrition for Children of different Age GroupsEPIC Health
Pediatric nutrition guidelines vary by age but all aim to support optimal growth and development through essential nutrients. For newborns, breast milk alone is best for the first six months. Around six months, solid foods can be introduced like mashed banana and rice cereal. For toddlers, meals should include a variety of foods from all nutrition groups while avoiding overly salty or sugary snacks. Preschoolers benefit from plenty of fruits and vegetables as well as meals at set times to encourage healthy eating habits.
This document discusses neonatal and infant nutrition. It covers:
1. The importance of fetal and breastfeeding nutrition for short and long-term health outcomes. Breastfeeding provides optimal nutrition as well as protection from diseases for both infant and mother.
2. Guidelines for assessing adequate breastfeeding including weight gain patterns, number of wet diapers, stool frequency and appearance. Supplements like vitamin K may be needed for breastfed infants.
3. Risks of intrauterine growth restriction including hypoglycemia, necrotizing enterocolitis and problems of prematurity. Guidelines are provided for feeding preterm or growth restricted infants to minimize risks like NEC.
This document discusses infant nutrition from birth to one year. It defines newborns and infants, outlines their growth and nutritional needs, and provides guidelines for introducing solid foods and water. Proper infant nutrition is important for development as infants rely on caretakers to feed them. Nutritional needs change as infants grow, starting with frequent feedings of breastmilk or formula, then adding cereals and pureed foods before self-feeding table foods by 12 months. Guidelines recommend slowly introducing one new food at a time to identify allergies.
Breast milk is uniquely suited to provide ideal nutrition for infant growth and development. The World Health Organization recommends exclusive breastfeeding for the first six months of life, followed by continued breastfeeding and appropriate complementary foods up to two years or beyond. Key guidelines include initiating breastfeeding within one hour of birth, exclusive breastfeeding for six months with no other food or drink, and continued breastfeeding alongside adequate complementary foods introduced at six months.
MAKING THE CHILDREN NUTRITION CONSCIOUS IN RELATION TO MALNUTRITIONJack Frost
MAKING THE CHILDREN NUTRITION CONSCIOUS IN RELATION TO MALNUTRITION, THESIS WRITING. This presentation contains real names of persons involve of this particular study. This names should not be copied or rewritten. Used the data of this study as basis only of your thesis writing. All rights reserved 2009.
The document provides information on feeding and nutrition for young children aged 0-5 years. It discusses the changing nutritional needs as children develop from infancy to age 5. Nutrition is important for energy, growth, development and health. Rapid growth occurs in the first year as weight doubles and brain weight increases. Breastmilk is recommended for infants under 6 months as it provides optimal nutrition for growth and brain development. Introduction of solid foods should start around 6 months once infants develop necessary skills. Healthy eating habits established in childhood can impact future health. The document provides guidelines on appropriate servings and components of meals at different ages.
The document provides information on the importance of a balanced diet for toddlers and the specific vitamins and minerals that are essential for their growth and development. It discusses that a balanced diet with a variety of foods from the main food groups supplies toddlers with all the nutrients needed. Some key vitamins and minerals discussed include calcium for bone health, vitamin C for immune system support, B vitamins for energy conversion, iodine for brain development, and zinc for growth. Food sources for each are also listed. The document emphasizes establishing healthy eating habits early and limiting foods high in fat, sugar, salt and certain fish for toddlers.
This document discusses methods for assessing the nutritional status of infants. It outlines direct methods like anthropometric measurements of weight, length, head circumference, and mid-upper arm circumference. It also discusses biochemical markers and clinical signs. Indirect methods include analyzing ecological, economic, and vital health statistics. The goal of nutritional assessments is to identify malnutrition, develop appropriate health programs, and measure their effectiveness. Anthropometric measurements are compared to reference standards to evaluate nutritional status.
This document provides guidance on complementary feeding or weaning for infants after 6 months of age. It states that breast milk alone is not sufficient to meet nutritional needs after 6 months and other foods should be gradually introduced along with continued breastfeeding. It provides recommendations on appropriate food consistencies, frequencies and amounts at different ages, ensuring hygienic preparation and storage of weaning foods. The document also outlines signs that an infant is ready for complementary feeding and the advantages and disadvantages of weaning.
A healthy diet plan for a growing child is essential as it will help him grow, develop and maintain right weight as per his age. Children raised on fruits, vegetables and whole grains grow up to be healthier and slimmer as compared to others. Here is a diet plan that could help you in choosing the right diet for your kid.
Power of nutrition for the first 1000 days by jess 06082016 slideshareJessWongHuiJuan1
The document is a presentation by Wong Hui Juan on nutrition in the first 1000 days of life. It covers topics like the importance of nutrition during pregnancy, lactation, and complementary feeding. It discusses recommendations for introducing solid foods at 6 months, appropriate food textures and amounts as the baby grows. The presentation provides information on meeting nutrient needs and establishing healthy eating habits. It also addresses common concerns parents have around feeding such as poor appetite, food allergies and illness.
A presentation I made for a graduate-level Maternal & Childhood Nutrition course. This PowerPoint focuses on the important role good nutrition can play in this age group, as well as nutrition programs for this age group.
This document provides an overview of nutrition during pregnancy. It discusses topics like physiology of pregnancy, fetal growth and development, pregnancy weight gain recommendations, and nutrient needs. Key points include how the placenta functions in nutrient and gas exchange for the fetus, critical periods of fetal development, recommendations for adequate weight gain and composition of weight gain during pregnancy, and increased energy and nutrient needs including protein, fat, vitamins, minerals, and water. Nutrition is essential for reducing risks of complications like preterm birth and low birthweight.
Baby led weaning involves allowing babies to feed themselves solid foods at around 6 months of age when they are developmentally ready, rather than being spoon fed. Key aspects include having the baby sit with the family during meals and allowing them to explore different tastes and textures of real foods. Benefits include increased confidence, learning to chew effectively, and developing a positive attitude towards food. Safety considerations include ensuring the baby remains upright and supervised, and avoiding choking hazards.
A discourse the ideal feeding practices from pregnancy to infancy with a closer look into malnutrition, breastfeeding, complementary feeding and related interventions.
1) The document discusses nutrition needs and eating behaviors for children from toddlerhood through adolescence.
2) Key nutrient needs include adequate calories, protein, calcium, iron and vitamin D. Frequent small meals are recommended for young kids.
3) Factors that influence eating habits like food preferences are formed early and parents are strong influences. Food jags and picky eating are common and temporary.
This document discusses infant and young child feeding practices. It covers the benefits of breastfeeding for the child, mother, and community. Breast milk provides optimal nutrition and protects against infection. Complementary foods should be introduced at 6 months while continuing breastfeeding up to 2 years. The WHO emphasizes nutrition in the first 1000 days of life. Exclusive breastfeeding for 6 months and appropriate complementary feeding practices according to guidelines promote child health and development.
The chapter discusses nutrition needs during infancy, childhood, and adolescence. During infancy, breast milk or formula is the primary food and solids are gradually introduced between 4-6 months. Special needs of preterm infants include limited nutrient stores. During childhood, energy and nutrient needs vary due to growth and activity levels. Nutrition concerns include lead poisoning, high sugar/fat intake, and iron deficiency. Schools need to provide nutritious foods to children.
This document discusses infant feeding, growth, and development. It covers breastfeeding benefits for infants and mothers. It also discusses artificial feeding and appropriate supplementary foods for weaning. Growth and development are influenced by nutrition, environment, genetics and infections. Monitoring growth ensures children's physical size and skills increase normally. The document provides guidelines on exclusive breastfeeding for six months and continuing after introducing other foods.
Lifecycle nutrition: Pregnancy and LactationHelen Corless
This document provides information on nutrition during pregnancy and lactation. It discusses the importance of good nutrition prior to conception, key nutrients during pregnancy like folate, iron, and calcium, and weight gain recommendations. It describes fetal development from conception through birth and identifies critical periods like early neural tube development. Risks during pregnancy like gestational diabetes and preeclampsia are also covered. The benefits of breastfeeding for both infant and mother are summarized.
Healthy Eating for Children and Teens: How to Get Your Child to Eat BetterSummit Health
This lecture covers dietary needs in children and teens. The lecture will include ways to cope with fussy eaters, myths about what foods are healthy/unhealthy, and how weight issues can affect self-esteem and future health problems.
This document discusses maternity care practices and how they affect breastfeeding. It provides information on:
1) The benefits of breastfeeding for mother, baby, and society in terms of health, economic and environmental impacts.
2) Elements of maternity care that can support breastfeeding including prenatal nutrition, breast examinations, discussing barriers to breastfeeding, and the importance of practitioner knowledge.
3) Practices that can negatively impact breastfeeding like induction of labor, IV fluids, narcotic pain medications, cesarean sections, early cord clamping and suctioning of newborns.
4) The importance of immediate skin-to-skin contact and rooming-in to support breastfeeding
Breastfeeding provides optimal nutrition for newborn babies. [1] A normal breastfed baby will lose less than 10% of their birth weight in the first two weeks and regain it by two weeks of age. They should gain at least 20g per day from 2-12 weeks. [2] Most cases of perceived low milk supply can be resolved by ensuring proper latching and feeding techniques rather than introducing supplements. Only 2% of cases are actually due to physiological issues. [3] Babies should be referred to a specialist if they meet certain criteria indicating inadequate nutrition, such as not gaining weight or having other clinical signs of dehydration.
This document discusses a proposed study to design and implement a weight loss protocol for mothers receiving benefits from the Women, Infants and Children (WIC) program. The study would assess interest in a weight loss program and measure weight loss success. A literature review covers topics like barriers to weight loss for low-income women, food choices and shopping habits of WIC participants, and use of pedometers and weight-ins in weight loss. The proposed methods section outlines recruitment, inclusion/exclusion criteria, and initial, secondary, and final contact with participants. Results would be presented in tables showing interest level and weight loss data.
As part of the Strong Start for Mothers and Newborns effort, the CMS Innovation Center hosted a webinar to discuss why it is important to reduce early elective deliveries and share best practices on how reducing early elective deliveries improves the health of mothers and newborns across the country. Individuals representing the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, the March of Dimes, providers and payers conveyed examples of successes and how reducing early elective deliveries can be accomplished. All interested parties were invited to attend this event.
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This document provides guidance for child care providers on supporting breastfeeding mothers and families. It begins with an overview of the benefits of breastfeeding for both infant and mother health. It then provides basic guidelines for proper handling and storage of expressed breast milk, as well as tips for helping breastfed infants transition to bottle feeding. The document emphasizes the importance of the child care provider's role in encouraging breastfeeding and addressing maternal concerns. It concludes by discussing the health, economic, and community impacts of breastfeeding promotion.
This document provides information and advice about breastfeeding for new mothers. It discusses the benefits of breastfeeding, common concerns mothers have about breastfeeding, and solutions to common breastfeeding problems. The key topics covered include the nutritional and emotional benefits of breastfeeding, how to determine if a baby is getting enough milk, introducing bottles or pacifiers, diet and lifestyle considerations for breastfeeding mothers, establishing and maintaining a sufficient milk supply, and treating issues like engorgement, sore nipples, and mastitis. The document aims to equip mothers with knowledge to initiate and continue successful breastfeeding.
Breast feeding ppt by Dr. Allah Yar Malikhuraismalik
This document discusses the benefits of breastfeeding for both mothers and infants. It provides information on the composition and types of breastmilk, as well as the advantages it provides through essential nutrients, antibodies, hormones and other factors. The document highlights how breastmilk uniquely meets the needs of infants and supports their development, unlike formula milk. It also outlines recommendations around exclusive breastfeeding for six months and continuing for up to two years. Some risks of breastfeeding and barriers to it are mentioned.
This document discusses infant feeding guidelines and the benefits of breastfeeding. It recommends exclusive breastfeeding for the first 6 months as breast milk provides all the nutrition babies need and protects them from illness. Breast milk contains antibodies, growth factors, and nutrients tailored to an infant's needs. It promotes optimal growth and development while reducing health risks like infections, obesity, and chronic diseases. The document outlines best practices for breastfeeding, including positioning and attachment, and addresses common concerns mothers have about breastfeeding. It emphasizes that breastfeeding has significant benefits for both infant and mother's health and is the natural, cost-effective choice for feeding babies.
Lacto Genesis Breast Feeding : The Global Overview : Dr Sharda Jain Lifecare Centre
Breastfeeding provides complete nutrition for infants and benefits both mothers and children. It protects infants from illness and increases intelligence while protecting mothers from diseases like breast and ovarian cancer. The global overview shows exclusive breastfeeding rates have increased to 64% in India from 40% previously, though challenges remain. Medical practices and lack of support can negatively impact breastfeeding. Initiatives like the Baby-Friendly Hospital Initiative aim to promote breastfeeding best practices in healthcare facilities.
Benefits of breastfeeding to mother and babyAnisa Edmund
The document outlines several benefits of breastfeeding for both mother and baby. It discusses how breastfeeding boosts the baby's immune system through antibodies and protection from illness. It also forms a lifelong bond between mother and baby. For the mother, breastfeeding helps lose weight faster after pregnancy, protects against diseases like cancer, and provides birth control since it can cause lack of periods. The document emphasizes that breast milk is uniquely suited to each baby's needs and changes based on the baby's health and the mother's diet.
This document provides checklists and guidance for breastfeeding mothers, emergency relief workers, and health workers to support breastfeeding in an emergency situation. It emphasizes that breastfeeding is critical for providing safe nutrition and calming infants during stressful times. The checklists recommend developing emergency plans and kits in advance, continuing to breastfeed after a disaster, finding private spaces for breastfeeding, and connecting with lactation consultants for help. Health workers are encouraged to promote breastfeeding policies and educate staff on the importance of breastfeeding support.
The document provides information on breastfeeding and lactation. It discusses:
- The benefits of breastfeeding for infant health and development as well as maternal health.
- The anatomy and physiology of lactation, including hormone changes during pregnancy and breastfeeding that stimulate milk production.
- The process of milk production, including the let-down reflex and suckling stimulating milk secretion.
- The composition and properties of colostrum, transitional milk, and mature breastmilk.
- The short-term and long-term health benefits of breastfeeding for infants and children.
The document defines lactation and galactopoiesis and discusses the hormonal regulation of lactation from the 24th week of gestation. It describes the roles of progesterone, estrogen, prolactin, oxytocin, and human placental lactogen in stimulating milk production. The composition of breast milk is summarized, including proteins, fats, vitamins, carbohydrates, and other components. Benefits of breastfeeding for mother, infant, society, and during emergencies are outlined. Reasons when breastfeeding is not recommended are also provided.
This document discusses lamb and kid nutrition over four phases: fetal, neonatal, nursing/suckling, and growing/finishing. It provides details on the importance of maternal nutrition during pregnancy for fetal development. Colostrum production and intake is critical for newborn lambs and kids. Creep feeding or grazing can boost growth rates during the nursing period. Different options for growing/finishing lambs and kids are discussed, along with their pros and cons. Nutrient requirements vary depending on factors like age, sex and growth goals. Overall nutrition management should be tailored to individual farm/flock conditions.
This document provides guidance for discussing weight and metabolic health with families. It reviews methods for assessing weight and body composition, and emphasizes focusing on metabolic health markers instead of weight. Key points include reframing discussions to minimize resistance, and addressing nutrition, physical activity, portion control, and allowing food its proper place. The document stresses moving daily, eating through the day to avoid hunger, balancing macronutrients, determining adequate portions, and building emotional intelligence and resilience.
This document discusses challenges in navigating today's abundant food supply. It notes that there is no single recommendation for a healthy diet and looks at what families are eating in America versus other countries. It also examines factors like the cost of foods, food marketing, eating away from home, and how the food supply has become adulterated. The document questions whether body size should be the only measure of a healthy diet and suggests that conventional dietary recommendations may increase obesity risk for some children. It emphasizes that health is determined more by what foods are eaten rather than where.
The document discusses Bonnie Modugno's experience transitioning into private practice nutrition after working as a public health nutritionist and instructor. It outlines how she built her practice through networking, marketing, and expanding her services beyond individual counseling to include corporate consulting, public speaking, and authorship. The document also addresses some of the financial realities and challenges of running a private nutrition practice.
The document discusses how to manage stress through adequate sleep, physical activity, and making healthy food choices. It explains that moderate stress can strengthen the brain, while overwhelming stress causes physical and physiological issues. It recommends getting 7-9 hours of sleep per night, engaging in regular exercise, and eating a balanced diet with protein, carbohydrates and fat to help manage stress levels. The document also discusses making mindful choices around what to eat, when to eat, and learning how much food is enough to feel satisfied, not stuffed.
This document provides a summary of a presentation on nutrition for pediatricians. It discusses several key topics:
1) The goals of reviewing factors influencing energy metabolism, discussing benefits of whole foods diets, and developing strategies to help families eat nutrient-dense, minimally processed foods.
2) An overview of nutrition science concepts including macronutrients, micronutrients, and how food composition, production methods, and farming practices can impact nutrient levels.
3) Several contributors to obesity including the current food supply and marketing practices, physical activity levels, perinatal factors, gut microbiome, sleep, stress, and endocrine disruptors.
McDonald's is working to provide healthier menu options and be part of solving nutrition issues. It has introduced salads, fruit options for kids' meals, calorie counts, and sodium reductions. McDonald's consults with health experts and provides nutrition information both in stores and online. While not all healthier options were successful, McDonald's is committed to continual improvement based on consumer needs.
This document discusses challenges with childhood obesity interventions and measuring dietary intake. It notes that while simple messages to "eat less and exercise more" are commonly prescribed, studies show such interventions have limited effectiveness. Methodological issues make accurately assessing dietary intake and determining the true causes of obesity difficult. The document examines a variety of factors potentially contributing to obesity, from food marketing and lack of activity to genetics and environmental chemicals. It emphasizes the complexity of obesity's causes and questions the reliability of common measures like BMI and self-reported diets.
This document discusses how food impacts individuals on the autism spectrum. It notes that our current food supply is abundant but also adulterated, and certain diets can lead to inflammation and issues with behavior, digestion, and more. Food plays an important role in hunger, satiety, balance of nutrients, and gut health. For those on the spectrum, special challenges include sensory issues with food, gastrointestinal distress, allergies or sensitivities, self-regulation, and using food for coping. Managing stress, gut peptides, and what starts the day are also covered. The document celebrates focusing on whole foods, balance, timing, satisfying hunger and fullness.
Integrating Ayurveda into Parkinson’s Management: A Holistic ApproachAyurveda ForAll
Explore the benefits of combining Ayurveda with conventional Parkinson's treatments. Learn how a holistic approach can manage symptoms, enhance well-being, and balance body energies. Discover the steps to safely integrate Ayurvedic practices into your Parkinson’s care plan, including expert guidance on diet, herbal remedies, and lifestyle modifications.
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of the physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar lead (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
6. Describe the flow of current around the heart during the cardiac cycle
7. Discuss the placement and polarity of the leads of electrocardiograph
8. Describe the normal electrocardiograms recorded from the limb leads and explain the physiological basis of the different records that are obtained
9. Define mean electrical vector (axis) of the heart and give the normal range
10. Define the mean QRS vector
11. Describe the axes of leads (hexagonal reference system)
12. Comprehend the vectorial analysis of the normal ECG
13. Determine the mean electrical axis of the ventricular QRS and appreciate the mean axis deviation
14. Explain the concepts of current of injury, J point, and their significance
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. Chapter 3, Cardiology Explained, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK2214/
7. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
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Rasamanikya is a excellent preparation in the field of Rasashastra, it is used in various Kushtha Roga, Shwasa, Vicharchika, Bhagandara, Vatarakta, and Phiranga Roga. In this article Preparation& Comparative analytical profile for both Formulationon i.e Rasamanikya prepared by Kushmanda swarasa & Churnodhaka Shodita Haratala. The study aims to provide insights into the comparative efficacy and analytical aspects of these formulations for enhanced therapeutic outcomes.
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Dive into an in-depth exploration of the histological structure of female reproductive system with this comprehensive lecture. Presented by Dr. Ayesha Irfan, Assistant Professor of Anatomy, this presentation covers the Gross anatomy and functional histology of the female reproductive organs. Ideal for students, educators, and anyone interested in medical science, this lecture provides clear explanations, detailed diagrams, and valuable insights into female reproductive system. Enhance your knowledge and understanding of this essential aspect of human biology.
share - Lions, tigers, AI and health misinformation, oh my!.pptxTina Purnat
• Pitfalls and pivots needed to use AI effectively in public health
• Evidence-based strategies to address health misinformation effectively
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2. FIRST FOODS Goals
• BREASTFEEDING
– Identify incidence of breastfeeding and factors
that influence duration and exclusivity
– Survey impact of current feeding practices
– Compare differences between formula and
breastfeeding
– Identify role of pediatrician
3. FIRST FOODS Goals
• Complimentary Foods
– Assess conventional food choices
– Survey traditional first foods
– Identify options to promote growth, metabolic
health and well being
4. Babies are born
to be breastfed
http://www.babyfriendlyusa.org/
5. Breastfeeding
The American Academy of Pediatrics
recommends
Exclusive breastfeeding for about 6 months
Continued breastfeeding as complementary
foods are introduced
Continuation of breastfeeding for 1 year or
longer as mutually desired by mother and infant.
Medical contraindications to breastfeeding are
rare.
Infant growth should be monitored with the WHO
Growth Curve up to 2 yrs of age
February 27, 2012 Pediatrics Vol. 129 No. 3 March 1, 2012
7. Exclusively Breastfeed Babies:
fast growers picked up on both charts
6
CDC WHO 5
4
3 Series
1
2
Series
1 2
0 Series
Category 1
Category 2
Category 3
Category 4
3
8. What about the fast
growers?
• “Early growth patterns, both
prenatally and post-
natally, are emerging as
important markers of later
obesity risk, with rapid
neonatal weight gain a clear
risk factor for later obesity
and metabolic syndrome.”
TJ Cole
Acta Paediatrica. Volume 96, Issue Supplement x454 pages 204, April 2007
10. Breastfeeding: Incremental Gains
90
80 • Breastfeeding …
70
60
should be promoted as
50 the norm within all
40
30 2008 maternal and child
20 2009
10
0
2020 target health care facilities.
http://www.cdc.gov/breastfeeding/pdf/2012BreastfeedingReportCard.pdf
11. Primary barriers to breastfeeding as intended
1. Inadequate support
– Too little prenatal education
– Inadequate support post partum
• Access
• Timing
• Cost
– Conflicting agendas in the
hospital/clinic setting
12. Breastfeeding:
Reality Check
• “The free samples are also
such a boobie trap, and I
would love to see them
banned. With my older
daughter, I went home with 3
cans of powdered formula
and a case of pre-made
formula.”
http://justanotherhat.blogspot.com/2012/08/brewing-breastfeeding-controversy.html
13. Percent of breastfed infants
receiving formula before 2 days of age
35
30
US
25
California
20 Oregon
15 Mississipi
10 New Hampshire
Montana
5
Texas
0
http://www.cdc.gov/breastfeeding/pdf/2012BreastfeedingReportCard.pdf
14. Breastfeeding:
Reality Check
• “I tried with all 3 of my kids but
found once I ran into
problems, I wasn't given the
support i needed, or the
resources, but was directed to
just switching to formula far too
often. I wish there was more
support for [breastfeeding] in
agencies, government aid, and
medical offices.”
http://justanotherhat.blogspot.com/2012/08/brewing-breastfeeding-controversy.html
Image: http://www.sleepytot.com/blog/do-formula-fed-babies-sleep-more
15. Baby Friendly Hospital Initiative
Home
•19,000 hospitals internationally About BFHI
The Ten Steps
•In US, 6% of babies born in 143
BF hospitals Baby-Friendly Hospitals and Birth Centers
Info for Hospitals and Birth Centers
•51/143 BF hospitals located in
California Info for Parents
Info for Breastfeeding advocates / health care
professionals
Why is breastfeeding important?
www.babyfriendlyusa.org/find-facilities
16. Common barriers to breastfeeding
2. Need to return to work
Inadequate time to express milk
No place to express milk
No adequate storage
http://www.heraldsun.com/view/full_story/9192782/article-
“The Business Case for Breastfeeding” WORLD-BREASTFEEDING-WEEK--A-STEP-IN-THE-
RIGHT-DIRECTION?instance=main_article
DHHS/ Office of Women’s Health
http://www.cdph.ca.gov/healthinfo/healthyliving/childfamily/Pages/Californi
aLawsRelatedtoBreastfeeding.aspx
17. Primary barriers to breastfeeding as intended
3. Personal misgivings
– Ambivalence
– Fears
– Lack of confidence
– Influence of family and friends
– Time and energy
18. Breastfeeding:
Reality Check
• “When I had my son the lactation consultant visit
was a joke- it was about 5 minutes”
http://justanotherhat.blogspot.com/2012/08/brewing-breastfeeding-controversy.html
19. Breastfeeding:
Reality Check
• “I tried SO. STINKIN. HARD. to breastfeed but ran
into problems. The biggest hit, though, was the
$30/fee to visit a lactation consultant”
http://justanotherhat.blogspot.com/2012/08/brewing-breastfeeding-controversy.html
20. AAP Efforts
• Who has utilized the curriculum?
• Who else is available to support new mothers?
– Family/friend/neighbor/internet
– WIC
– Lactation educator/consultant
– Doula/Baby nurse
21. Exclusively Partially Minimal Non
•ELIGIBILITY Breastfeeding Breastfeeding Breastfeeding Breastfeeding
Milk (gallons) 5 gal + 1 quart 4 ½ gal + 1 quart 3 gal +1 quart 3 gal + 1 quart
185% Cheese (pounds) 2 2 1 1
Eggs (dozen) 2 1 1 1
Federal Juice 3 3 2 2
Poverty (11.5-12 oz (or two 64 oz shelf
stable)
(or two 64 oz shelf
stable)
(or one 64 oz
shelf stable)
(or one 64 oz shelf
stable)
concentrate)
Level
Breakfast Cereal 36 36 36 36
(ounces)
Whole Grains 1 1 0 0
Lactation (pounds)
Dry Beans and/or 2 lbs 2lb 1lb or 18 oz 1lb or 18 oz
resources Peanut Butter or 1lb and 18 oz or 1lb and 18 oz
available Canned Fish 30 oz 0 0 0
Fruits and $10 $8 $8 $8
Vegetables
(Cash Voucher)
http://www.phfewic.org/
23. What about formula
• Infant formula introduced
to the USA in the late
1860’s
24. How does formula
compare?
“The longest-established
mass marketed ultra-
processed product”
Thomas Farley, MD, MPH
NYC Health Commissioner
Breastfeeding:
The NYC Latch On Campaign
World Nutrition. October 2012, 3, 10, 445-455.
25. Infant Formula
ENFAMIL
• DHA level similar to worldwide breast milk average4,†, to support
mental, visual and immune system development
• Clinically shown to have a bifidogenic effect similar to that of breast milk5
in infants fed the formula between 30 and 90 days of age
• Proven to improve* respiratory health through the first 3 years of life
when infants were fed Enfamil PREMIUM Infant through 12 months6
• Clinically proven* growth7 similar to breastfed infants through 12
months, IQ scores and vision similar to breastfed infants up to 4 years of
age8 and support for the immune system6
• Easy to digest 60:40 whey-to-casein ratio, patterned after mature breast
milk9,‡
• Natural Defense Dual Prebiotics blend has 2 prebiotic ingredients-GOS
(galactooligosaccharides)
http://www.mjn.com
26. Is breast milk more than a mix of nutrients?
Carbohydrate
Carbohydrate Source Glycemic
Index
Glucose 99 +/- 3
Sucrose 60 +/-21
Lactose 46 +/- 2
Fructose 19 +/- 2
Corn syrup (HFCS) 57-75
Maltose (Maltodextrin) 105 +/- 12
Fructo-oligosaccharides
Rice starch
Foster-Powell. Am J Clin Nutr January 2002 vol. 76 no. 1 5-56
27. Is breast milk more than a mix of nutrients?
PROTEIN
FORMULA
• Non fat milk
• Soy protein isolate
• Whey protein concentrate
• Individual amino acids
33. • ―Fatty acid composition of milk varies with the
fatty acid composition of a mother’s diet and
fat stores‖
Melanie Martin, doctoral student
UCSB Department of Anthopology
34. Diet influences the nutrient profile of breast milk
25
20
15
Tsimane
10 Cincinnati
Enfamil
5
0
Omega 6 Omega 3 Ω6:Ω3
Martin, et al. Maternal and Child Nutrition, 2012; 8(3): 404
Conversation with MJM Nutrition Resource RD 10/31/2012
35. Diet influences the nutrient profile of breast milk
1.4
1.2
1
0.8 Tsimane
0.6 Cincinnati
0.4 Enfamil
0.2
0
DHA 22:6n-3 Trans fat 16:1 Trans fat 18:1
Martin, et al. Maternal and Child Nutrition, 2012; 8(3): 404
Conversation with MJM Nutrition Resource RD 10/31/2012
36. Gut Microbiome
and Obesity
• Humans are essentially free of bacteria
at birth
• Dietary habits are considered to be one
of the main factors that contribute to gut
microbiota.
• Microbial changes in the human gut are
one of the possible causes of obesity.
http://www.futuremedicine.com/doi/pdf/10.2217/fmb.11.142
39. How Breastfeeding may protect
against obesity
1. Breastfed babies are more accepting of a
greater variety of foods
– Breastfed babies taste the variety of foods the mother is
eating
– Mother’s diet influences the macronutrient composition
of her milk
WIC WORKS: Policy Briefs by the California WIC Association; & PHFE WIC, Sept 2011
40. How Breastfeeding may protect
against obesity
2. Breastfed babies weigh less at one year
– Breast milk has different impact on insulin and other
metabolic hormones than formula
• Use of WHO growth charts compliments the lower growth profile
for breastfed babies
WIC WORKS: Policy Briefs by the California WIC Association; & PHFE WIC, Sept 2011
41. How Breastfeeding may protect
against obesity
3. Breastfed infants tend to gain less weight
and usually are leaner than are formula-fed
infants in the second half of infancy, likely a
result of infant self-regulation of energy
intake
WIC WORKS: Policy Briefs by the California WIC Association; & PHFE WIC, Sept 2011
42. Breast milk:
How much is enough?
• Successful, exclusively
breastfeeding babies show a
three-fold variation in the
amount of milk they take per
day, and in the frequency of
breastfeeds and amount of milk
consumed during each
breastfeed
How Breastfeeding Works. Jacqueline C. Kent. Journal of Midwifery & Women’s Health. Volume 52,
Issue 6, pages 564-570. November-December 2007.
43. WIC Children fully breastfed had
lowest rate of obesity at Age 4
30
25
20
Only Breast Milk
15
Breast Milk & Formula
10
Only Formula
5
0
WIC Babies
44. Food and Agent
Reported Sign or Symptom in Infant or Effect on
Lactation
Reference No.
Environmental Aflatoxin
Aspartame
None
Caution if mother or infant has phenylketonuria
354–356
357
Agents: Effects Bromide (photographic laboratory)
Cadmium
Potential absorption and bromide transfer into milk
None reported
358
359
Chlordane None reported 360
on Breastfeeding Chocolate (theobromine)
Irritability or increased bowel activity if excess amounts
(≥16 oz/d) consumed by mother
169, 361
DDT, benzene hexachlorides, dieldrin,
None 362–370
aldrin, epatachlorepoxide
Fava beans Hemolysis in patient with G-6-PD deficiency 371
Fluorides None 372, 373
Skin rash, diarrhea, vomiting, dark urine, neurotoxicity,
Hexachlorobenzene death
374, 375
Hexachlorophene None; possible contamination of milk from nipple washing 376
Pediatrics Lead Possible neurotoxicity 377–380
Mercury, methylmercury May affect neurodevelopment 381–383
Sept. 1, 2001 Methylmethacrylate None 384
Monosodium glutamate None 385
Vol. 108 No. 3 Polychlorinated biphenyls and Lack of endurance, hypotonia, sullen, expressionless
386–390
polybrominated biphenyls facies
776-789 Silicone Esophageal dysmotility 17–22
Tetrachloroethylene cleaning fluid
Obstructive jaundice, dark urine 391
(perchloroethylene)
Vegetarian diet Signs of B12deficiency 392
45. Table 2. PBDEs in human milk
World region PBDE levels
(range) Year(s)
• Europe • North America
– Sweden 0.9-28 1996-01 – USA 4-419 2001-2004
– Finland 0.9-5.9 1994-98 – Canada 0.9-956 2001-2005
– Russia 0.5-1.7 2003-04 • Asia
– Poland 0.8-8.4 2004
– Japan 0.1-291 1999-2004
– Czech Rep. 0.3-1.4 2003
– China 1.5-17 ND
– France 1.4-11.6 2005
– Indonesia 0.5-13 2001-2003
– Italy 1.6-4.1 1998-01
– Germany 0.8-24.6 2001-03 • Oceania
– Australia 6.1-18.7 2002-2003
ACTA BIOMED 2008; 79: 172-183
Levels of PBDEs are in ng/g lipid. Table adapted from Costa and Giordano (2), where original references are indicated.
46. Temporal Trend of PBDE’s in Swedish Breast Milk
4.5
4
3.5
3
2.5
2 PBE-47
1.5 Sum of PBDE congeners
1
0.5
0
2003 IUPAC, Pure and Applied Chemistry 75, 2039-2046
47. First Foods: Introducing solids
The American Academy of Pediatrics reaffirms its recommendation of
exclusive breastfeeding for about 6 months, followed by continued
breastfeeding as complementary foods are introduced, with
continuation of breastfeeding for 1 year or longer as mutually desired
by mother and infant.
Pediatrics Vol. 129 No. 3 March 1, 2012
pp. e827 -e841
48. Which complementary foods first?
• Solid foods or supplemental foods
were not routinely offered to babies
less than one year of age before
1920.
49. The role of allergens:
• Some have advised not introducing dairy
products, eggs, wheat, nuts, and fish before the end of the first year of
life, and then introducing only a limited number of foods with a low
allergenicity, However, there are no well-designed studies to
demonstrate the benefit of such advice.
Pediatrics Vol. 106 No. Supplement 4 November 1, 2000 pp. 1285
• Controlled studies demonstrating that restrictive diets after 6 months of
age have an allergy-preventing effect have not been published (Halken
and Host, 2001), and for this reason no such restrictions were advised by
an international group of experts (WHO/IAACI, 2000).
50. Arguments for
commercial baby food
Standard formulation
Sterility
Lack of additives
“There is no nutritional difference
between commercial and
homemade baby food”
Yeung, et al
HJ Heinz Co.
CMA Journal/January 15, 1982. Vol 126 pg 113
52. Percentage of children consuming infant cereals
Feeding Infants and Toddlers Study (FITS) 2002 2008.
ADAJ 2010
53. Infant Cereal
Nutrition Facts
Serv. Size 1/4 cup (16g) Servings Per Container 14
Amount Per Serving
Calories 60 • Ingredients
RICE FLOUR, TRI- AND DICALCIUM
Total Fat: 0.5g PHOSPHATE, SOYBEAN OIL, SOY
Trans Fat: 0g LECITHIN, MIXED TOCOPHEROLS (TO
PRESERVE
Sodium: 0mg FRESHNESS), ELECTROLYTIC
Potassium: 15mg IRON, ZINC SULFATE, ALPHA
TOCOPHERYL ACETATE (VITAMIN E)
Total Carbohydrates: 13g NIACINAMIDE (A B
Dietary Fiber: 0g VITAMIN), PYRIDOXINE
HYDROCHLORIDE (VITAMIN
Sugar: 1g B6), RIBOFLAVIN (VITAMIN
Protein: 1g B2), THIAMIN MONONITRATE (VITAMIN
B1), FOLIC ACID (A B
VITAMIN), VITAMIN B12
(CYANOCOBALAMIN)
54. Are starch fillers used in baby food?
Starches are easily digested carbohydrates, which
may be present in baby foods in the form of flour
(corn, wheat, rice), tapioca or rice
…starches provide an important source of calories for
growing infants. Food starches also help to moderate
flavor and control texture.
…The Food and Drug Administration has determined
that food starches are safe and suitable for use in
baby foods
55. David Ludwig, director of the
Optimal Weight for Life program
at Children's Hospital
Boston, says "there's no
Dr Alan Greene’s Campaign to scientific basis for this
Eliminate Rice Flour Cereal
recommendation. That's a myth.―
Liz Szabo,
USA TODAY
11/30/2010
56. Survey of Pediatricians
• What do you recommend for baby’s first food?
White Rice
Whole Grain
A vegetable
% of respondents
A fruit
Egg Yolk
Meat
Other
0 10 20 30 40
Medscape Pediatrics Commentary: Starting Solid Foods: Are We Doing It Right? July 6, 2011/ 2012
57. Percentage of children consuming complimentary foods by age
Feeding Infants and Toddlers Study (FITS), ADAJ 2010
63. Considering finger foods
Towards whole foods: balance is key
Infant food GI GI
Scone 92 Cooked peas 48
Pretzels 83 Chicken nuggets (Aust) 44
Waffle 76 Pasta (al dente) 43
Vanilla wafers 77 Banana (slightly under ripe) 42
French fries 75 Apple 40
Cheerios cereal 74 Pinto beans 39
Graham crackers 74 Fish fingers 38
Bagel 72 Yam 37
Oatmeal 69 Pear 33
Arrowroot biscuit 63 Yogurt – (Aust/sweetened) 27
64. Consumption patterns of infants and toddlers
consuming foods at least once a day
70
60
50
40
30 6-8.9 mo
20 9-11.9 mo
10
0 12-14.9 mo
15-17.9 mo
18-24 mo
Feeding Infants and Toddlers Study (FITS) ADAJ 2010
65. Algorithm for introducing
new foods
KEY New Different
NF NF
Food New Food GIVE UP ?
NF N NF N NF N NF N 10 - 12x Y N
Y Y Y Y
GIVE UP
Repeat Repeat Repeat Repeat Repeat
successfully successfully successfully successfully successfully
3-5 times 3-5 times 3-5 times 3-5 times 3-5 times
before next before next before next before next before next
new food new food new food new food new food
NF NF NF NF NF
66. First Foods:
Supporting better metabolic health for all babies
Effective and timely
support for breastfeeding
Nutrition support for mom
post partum
Encourage first foods to be
prepared from whole foods
Caution parents re:
commercial baby foods
Encourage balance for all
meals and
snacks, especially for
those babies w/ higher
metabolic risk
67. First Foods
Thank you
Bonnie Y. Modugno, MS, RD, CLE
www.muchmorethanfood.com #MMTF
68. Trends in Food Consumption of Infants (6-8.9 mos)
Percentage of infants consuming at least once a day
90
80
70
60
50
2002
40
30 2008
20
10
0
Any fruit/juice 100% juice baby fruit real fruit
Feeding Infants and Toddlers Study (FITS) 2002 2008.
ADAJ 2010
Editor's Notes
Summary up front:WHOLE FOODSGOOD ENOUGH BALANCE
What if ?Babies consume more caloriesMoms more likely to be concerned they need to supplementConventional infant formulas/baby food may contribute to the problem
Only 1/5 women who intend to breastfeed are still breastfeeding at 12 months post partumI wrote a guest blog re: the breastfeeding/bottlefeeding controversy in NYC’s Latch On Campaign August 2012I want to share with you a couple of the comments.
Over 1/3 of all BF hospitals in US are in California
So where can mothers get help?
So where can mothers get help?
Lactation rooms or cubbies at all WIC CentersBreastfeeding group education for participantsBreastfeeding individual education for participantsBreastfeeding support groupsElectric breast pump loan programBreastfeeding HelplineBreastfeeding Peer Counselor Program
Reductionist approach may be part of the problem
Most common concern noted is higher protein content that breastmilk
But breast milk is not a homogeneous product
Tsimane women eat wild game, fresh water fish and native cultivars of vegetables and grain
Martin queries if formula should reflect the fatty acid profile of breast milk from the indigenous women rather than that of women who are eating a Western diet
The authors propose…
California WIC has prepared several materials addressing a potential link between breastfeeding and protection against obesityA variety of flavors and nutrient compositionBoth the flavor and macronutrient content of breast milk is variable
Differences in hormonal responses to breast milk
Impact on self regulation
Can you imagine formula instructions with a three fold variation ?
> 20% lower incidence of obesity at age four
“The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends that chemical management policy in the United States be revised to protect children and pregnant women and to better protect other populations.”
CHAMACOS studies have also revealed links between flame retardant concentrations in mothers’ blood and decreased fertility, lower birthweight babies and changes in thyroid hormone levels, even after controlling for exposure to pesticides and other environmental chemicals. And findings from other smaller studies have linked deficits in physical and mental development in young children to prenatal exposure to PBDEs. UC Berkeley Press Release
PolybrominatedDiphenyl Ethers (PDEsB)
So now it’s time to introduce solids
Rice is recommended to minimize risk of allergic responseBut there are no good studies to show this is beneficial
Many publications continue to reinforce these conventional practices
So most babies eat infant cereals
The first ingredient is rice flour
Refined starches are used regularly and vigorously defended as safe for use in baby foods
Until very recently. In 2011 Dr. Green initiated his White Out CampaignDesigned to eliminate use of refined cereals in an infants diet.Not without controversy
Over 50% of physicians recommend infant cereal as a first food
The Feeding Infants and Toddler Study is a survey of current feeding trends. This is the 2008 data.+ longer duration of breastfeeding+ a delay in the introduction of complementary foods - low intakes of overall fruits and vegetables for all ages - low intake of iron-rich foods for 9- to 11.9-month-olds - use of cow's milk before age 1 year and the use of reduced-fat milks during the second year of life
Caregivers can moderate color, temperature, texture, and cultivate familiar flavors as baby is developmentally ready
It’s almost as if there are two different food supplies, and not as simple as organic vs. conventionalThe bigger difference seems to be whole foods vs. highly processed refined foods—even if they are organic
Greater processing typically leads to --reduction in total fiber content-- compromises the integrity of the grain
Sweetened cereals 6-9 mo 14% 9-12 mo 19%12-15 mo 31%15-18 mo 45 %18-24 mo 35%
We know infants and toddlers are not eating enough whole foodsThis is an algorithm that outlines an approach to introducing new foodsNew foods can take up to 12-16 exposures before they are acceptedHow many parents try 1, 2, 3 times and give up?They can be especially resistant to eating vegetables and proteinSome kids are picky eaters--mostly a sensory issue --deserves appropriate attention
The goal is to cultivate a palate that allows an adequate intake of --whole foods--good enough balance