Kajian ini menganalisis taburan dan kelimpahan nanoplankton (nanodiatom) di perairan Vietnam, Laut China Selatan. Ia mendapati taburan dan kelimpahan tertinggi di zon pinggir pantai berbanding zon tengah dan luar pantai. Kajian ini juga mengenalpasti spesies dominan seperti Thalassiosira sp. dan melihat taburan serta kelimpahan mereka di pelbagai lapisan air dan kawasan.
Linux is a free and open-source operating system originally created by Linus Torvalds and developed collaboratively. It uses the Linux kernel and can be used freely due to its licensing under the GNU General Public License. There are many Linux distributions available for different uses including desktop, server, and live CDs which provide precompiled software packages for easier installation and use.
This document covers the basics of installing Linux systems, including the boot process, distribution selection, installation options, and basic administration tasks. It discusses BIOS initialization, the boot loader, kernel initialization, and the init process. Installation methods like USB, DVD, and network installation are presented. Basic system administration like services, processes, mounting disks, and shutdown are also outlined.
- SuSE Linux was founded in 1992 in Germany as a software and system development company and initially distributed Linux to offer support.
- Over time, SuSE incorporated aspects of other Linux distributions like RPM and acquired the YaST configuration tool.
- In 2003, Novell acquired SuSE Linux AG and continued developing both proprietary and open source versions of SuSE Linux.
Founded in 1992 in Germany as S.u.S.E. GmbH, openSUSE was later acquired by Novell in 2003 and became a community open source project. It has since evolved from a closed source commercial distribution to a free and open source operating system with different desktop environments and a large collection of applications. The current version is openSUSE 12.3 with KDE and requires a minimum of 1 GB RAM, 3 GB storage, and a Pentium III processor.
This document provides an introduction to Ubuntu, an open-source Linux operating system. It discusses what Ubuntu is, why users would want to use it, its default applications, and recent Ubuntu releases. It then provides overviews of the Ubuntu desktop, panels, menus, icons, virtual desktops, and the Nautilus file browser. It discusses how files are handled in Ubuntu and basic day-to-day file management tasks. The document concludes with exercises for the reader to complete.
Ubuntu is a popular Linux-based operating system that is free, open-source and user-friendly. It has many advantages over other operating systems like Windows including being less resource intensive, more secure, and providing regular free updates. Ubuntu is widely used both for personal computers and servers around the world.
Linux is a free and open-source operating system originally created by Linus Torvalds and developed collaboratively. It uses the Linux kernel and can be used freely due to its licensing under the GNU General Public License. There are many Linux distributions available for different uses including desktop, server, and live CDs which provide precompiled software packages for easier installation and use.
This document covers the basics of installing Linux systems, including the boot process, distribution selection, installation options, and basic administration tasks. It discusses BIOS initialization, the boot loader, kernel initialization, and the init process. Installation methods like USB, DVD, and network installation are presented. Basic system administration like services, processes, mounting disks, and shutdown are also outlined.
- SuSE Linux was founded in 1992 in Germany as a software and system development company and initially distributed Linux to offer support.
- Over time, SuSE incorporated aspects of other Linux distributions like RPM and acquired the YaST configuration tool.
- In 2003, Novell acquired SuSE Linux AG and continued developing both proprietary and open source versions of SuSE Linux.
Founded in 1992 in Germany as S.u.S.E. GmbH, openSUSE was later acquired by Novell in 2003 and became a community open source project. It has since evolved from a closed source commercial distribution to a free and open source operating system with different desktop environments and a large collection of applications. The current version is openSUSE 12.3 with KDE and requires a minimum of 1 GB RAM, 3 GB storage, and a Pentium III processor.
This document provides an introduction to Ubuntu, an open-source Linux operating system. It discusses what Ubuntu is, why users would want to use it, its default applications, and recent Ubuntu releases. It then provides overviews of the Ubuntu desktop, panels, menus, icons, virtual desktops, and the Nautilus file browser. It discusses how files are handled in Ubuntu and basic day-to-day file management tasks. The document concludes with exercises for the reader to complete.
Ubuntu is a popular Linux-based operating system that is free, open-source and user-friendly. It has many advantages over other operating systems like Windows including being less resource intensive, more secure, and providing regular free updates. Ubuntu is widely used both for personal computers and servers around the world.
Modul Ajar Bahasa Inggris Kelas 10 Fase E Kurikulum MerdekaFathan Emran
Modul Ajar Bahasa Inggris Kelas 10 SMA/MA Fase E Kurikulum Merdeka - abdiera.com. Modul Ajar Bahasa Inggris Kelas 10 SMA/MA Fase E Kurikulum Merdeka. Modul Ajar Bahasa Inggris Kelas 10 SMA/MA Fase E Kurikulum Merdeka.
Universitas Negeri Jakarta banyak melahirkan tokoh pendidikan yang memiliki pengaruh didunia pendidikan. Beberapa diantaranya ada didalam file presentasi
Modul Ajar Matematika Kelas 11 Fase F Kurikulum MerdekaFathan Emran
Modul Ajar Matematika Kelas 11 SMA/MA Fase F Kurikulum Merdeka - abdiera.com. Modul Ajar Matematika Kelas 11 SMA/MA Fase F Kurikulum Merdeka. Modul Ajar Matematika Kelas 11 SMA/MA Fase F Kurikulum Merdeka. Modul Ajar Matematika Kelas 11 SMA/MA Fase F Kurikulum Merdeka. Modul Ajar Matematika Kelas 11 SMA/MA Fase F Kurikulum Merdeka.
Ppt landasan pendidikan Pai 9 _20240604_231000_0000.pdffadlurrahman260903
Ppt landasan pendidikan tentang pendidikan seumur hidup.
Prodi pendidikan agama Islam
Fakultas tarbiyah dan ilmu keguruan
Universitas Islam negeri syekh Ali Hasan Ahmad addary Padangsidimpuan
Pendidikan sepanjang hayat atau pendidikan seumur hidup adalah sebuah system konsepkonsep pendidikan yang menerangkan keseluruhan peristiwa-peristiwa kegiatan belajarmengajar yang berlangsung dalam keseluruhan kehidupan manusia. Pendidikan sepanjang
hayat memandang jauh ke depan, berusaha untuk menghasilkan manusia dan masyarakat yang
baru, merupakan suatu proyek masyarakat yang sangat besar. Pendidikan sepanjang hayat
merupakan asas pendidikan yang cocok bagi orang-orang yang hidup dalam dunia
transformasi dan informasi, yaitu masyarakat modern. Manusia harus lebih bisa menyesuaikan
dirinya secara terus menerus dengan situasi yang baru.
2024 State of Marketing Report – by HubspotMarius Sescu
https://www.hubspot.com/state-of-marketing
· Scaling relationships and proving ROI
· Social media is the place for search, sales, and service
· Authentic influencer partnerships fuel brand growth
· The strongest connections happen via call, click, chat, and camera.
· Time saved with AI leads to more creative work
· Seeking: A single source of truth
· TLDR; Get on social, try AI, and align your systems.
· More human marketing, powered by robots
ChatGPT is a revolutionary addition to the world since its introduction in 2022. A big shift in the sector of information gathering and processing happened because of this chatbot. What is the story of ChatGPT? How is the bot responding to prompts and generating contents? Swipe through these slides prepared by Expeed Software, a web development company regarding the development and technical intricacies of ChatGPT!
Modul Ajar Bahasa Inggris Kelas 10 Fase E Kurikulum MerdekaFathan Emran
Modul Ajar Bahasa Inggris Kelas 10 SMA/MA Fase E Kurikulum Merdeka - abdiera.com. Modul Ajar Bahasa Inggris Kelas 10 SMA/MA Fase E Kurikulum Merdeka. Modul Ajar Bahasa Inggris Kelas 10 SMA/MA Fase E Kurikulum Merdeka.
Universitas Negeri Jakarta banyak melahirkan tokoh pendidikan yang memiliki pengaruh didunia pendidikan. Beberapa diantaranya ada didalam file presentasi
Modul Ajar Matematika Kelas 11 Fase F Kurikulum MerdekaFathan Emran
Modul Ajar Matematika Kelas 11 SMA/MA Fase F Kurikulum Merdeka - abdiera.com. Modul Ajar Matematika Kelas 11 SMA/MA Fase F Kurikulum Merdeka. Modul Ajar Matematika Kelas 11 SMA/MA Fase F Kurikulum Merdeka. Modul Ajar Matematika Kelas 11 SMA/MA Fase F Kurikulum Merdeka. Modul Ajar Matematika Kelas 11 SMA/MA Fase F Kurikulum Merdeka.
Ppt landasan pendidikan Pai 9 _20240604_231000_0000.pdffadlurrahman260903
Ppt landasan pendidikan tentang pendidikan seumur hidup.
Prodi pendidikan agama Islam
Fakultas tarbiyah dan ilmu keguruan
Universitas Islam negeri syekh Ali Hasan Ahmad addary Padangsidimpuan
Pendidikan sepanjang hayat atau pendidikan seumur hidup adalah sebuah system konsepkonsep pendidikan yang menerangkan keseluruhan peristiwa-peristiwa kegiatan belajarmengajar yang berlangsung dalam keseluruhan kehidupan manusia. Pendidikan sepanjang
hayat memandang jauh ke depan, berusaha untuk menghasilkan manusia dan masyarakat yang
baru, merupakan suatu proyek masyarakat yang sangat besar. Pendidikan sepanjang hayat
merupakan asas pendidikan yang cocok bagi orang-orang yang hidup dalam dunia
transformasi dan informasi, yaitu masyarakat modern. Manusia harus lebih bisa menyesuaikan
dirinya secara terus menerus dengan situasi yang baru.
2024 State of Marketing Report – by HubspotMarius Sescu
https://www.hubspot.com/state-of-marketing
· Scaling relationships and proving ROI
· Social media is the place for search, sales, and service
· Authentic influencer partnerships fuel brand growth
· The strongest connections happen via call, click, chat, and camera.
· Time saved with AI leads to more creative work
· Seeking: A single source of truth
· TLDR; Get on social, try AI, and align your systems.
· More human marketing, powered by robots
ChatGPT is a revolutionary addition to the world since its introduction in 2022. A big shift in the sector of information gathering and processing happened because of this chatbot. What is the story of ChatGPT? How is the bot responding to prompts and generating contents? Swipe through these slides prepared by Expeed Software, a web development company regarding the development and technical intricacies of ChatGPT!
Product Design Trends in 2024 | Teenage EngineeringsPixeldarts
The realm of product design is a constantly changing environment where technology and style intersect. Every year introduces fresh challenges and exciting trends that mold the future of this captivating art form. In this piece, we delve into the significant trends set to influence the look and functionality of product design in the year 2024.
How Race, Age and Gender Shape Attitudes Towards Mental HealthThinkNow
Mental health has been in the news quite a bit lately. Dozens of U.S. states are currently suing Meta for contributing to the youth mental health crisis by inserting addictive features into their products, while the U.S. Surgeon General is touring the nation to bring awareness to the growing epidemic of loneliness and isolation. The country has endured periods of low national morale, such as in the 1970s when high inflation and the energy crisis worsened public sentiment following the Vietnam War. The current mood, however, feels different. Gallup recently reported that national mental health is at an all-time low, with few bright spots to lift spirits.
To better understand how Americans are feeling and their attitudes towards mental health in general, ThinkNow conducted a nationally representative quantitative survey of 1,500 respondents and found some interesting differences among ethnic, age and gender groups.
Technology
For example, 52% agree that technology and social media have a negative impact on mental health, but when broken out by race, 61% of Whites felt technology had a negative effect, and only 48% of Hispanics thought it did.
While technology has helped us keep in touch with friends and family in faraway places, it appears to have degraded our ability to connect in person. Staying connected online is a double-edged sword since the same news feed that brings us pictures of the grandkids and fluffy kittens also feeds us news about the wars in Israel and Ukraine, the dysfunction in Washington, the latest mass shooting and the climate crisis.
Hispanics may have a built-in defense against the isolation technology breeds, owing to their large, multigenerational households, strong social support systems, and tendency to use social media to stay connected with relatives abroad.
Age and Gender
When asked how individuals rate their mental health, men rate it higher than women by 11 percentage points, and Baby Boomers rank it highest at 83%, saying it’s good or excellent vs. 57% of Gen Z saying the same.
Gen Z spends the most amount of time on social media, so the notion that social media negatively affects mental health appears to be correlated. Unfortunately, Gen Z is also the generation that’s least comfortable discussing mental health concerns with healthcare professionals. Only 40% of them state they’re comfortable discussing their issues with a professional compared to 60% of Millennials and 65% of Boomers.
Race Affects Attitudes
As seen in previous research conducted by ThinkNow, Asian Americans lag other groups when it comes to awareness of mental health issues. Twenty-four percent of Asian Americans believe that having a mental health issue is a sign of weakness compared to the 16% average for all groups. Asians are also considerably less likely to be aware of mental health services in their communities (42% vs. 55%) and most likely to seek out information on social media (51% vs. 35%).
AI Trends in Creative Operations 2024 by Artwork Flow.pdfmarketingartwork
Creative operations teams expect increased AI use in 2024. Currently, over half of tasks are not AI-enabled, but this is expected to decrease in the coming year. ChatGPT is the most popular AI tool currently. Business leaders are more actively exploring AI benefits than individual contributors. Most respondents do not believe AI will impact workforce size in 2024. However, some inhibitions still exist around AI accuracy and lack of understanding. Creatives primarily want to use AI to save time on mundane tasks and boost productivity.
Organizational culture includes values, norms, systems, symbols, language, assumptions, beliefs, and habits that influence employee behaviors and how people interpret those behaviors. It is important because culture can help or hinder a company's success. Some key aspects of Netflix's culture that help it achieve results include hiring smartly so every position has stars, focusing on attitude over just aptitude, and having a strict policy against peacocks, whiners, and jerks.
PEPSICO Presentation to CAGNY Conference Feb 2024Neil Kimberley
PepsiCo provided a safe harbor statement noting that any forward-looking statements are based on currently available information and are subject to risks and uncertainties. It also provided information on non-GAAP measures and directing readers to its website for disclosure and reconciliation. The document then discussed PepsiCo's business overview, including that it is a global beverage and convenient food company with iconic brands, $91 billion in net revenue in 2023, and nearly $14 billion in core operating profit. It operates through a divisional structure with a focus on local consumers.
Content Methodology: A Best Practices Report (Webinar)contently
This document provides an overview of content methodology best practices. It defines content methodology as establishing objectives, KPIs, and a culture of continuous learning and iteration. An effective methodology focuses on connecting with audiences, creating optimal content, and optimizing processes. It also discusses why a methodology is needed due to the competitive landscape, proliferation of channels, and opportunities for improvement. Components of an effective methodology include defining objectives and KPIs, audience analysis, identifying opportunities, and evaluating resources. The document concludes with recommendations around creating a content plan, testing and optimizing content over 90 days.
How to Prepare For a Successful Job Search for 2024Albert Qian
The document provides guidance on preparing a job search for 2024. It discusses the state of the job market, focusing on growth in AI and healthcare but also continued layoffs. It recommends figuring out what you want to do by researching interests and skills, then conducting informational interviews. The job search should involve building a personal brand on LinkedIn, actively applying to jobs, tailoring resumes and interviews, maintaining job hunting as a habit, and continuing self-improvement. Once hired, the document advises setting new goals and keeping skills and networking active in case of future opportunities.
A report by thenetworkone and Kurio.
The contributing experts and agencies are (in an alphabetical order): Sylwia Rytel, Social Media Supervisor, 180heartbeats + JUNG v MATT (PL), Sharlene Jenner, Vice President - Director of Engagement Strategy, Abelson Taylor (USA), Alex Casanovas, Digital Director, Atrevia (ES), Dora Beilin, Senior Social Strategist, Barrett Hoffher (USA), Min Seo, Campaign Director, Brand New Agency (KR), Deshé M. Gully, Associate Strategist, Day One Agency (USA), Francesca Trevisan, Strategist, Different (IT), Trevor Crossman, CX and Digital Transformation Director; Olivia Hussey, Strategic Planner; Simi Srinarula, Social Media Manager, The Hallway (AUS), James Hebbert, Managing Director, Hylink (CN / UK), Mundy Álvarez, Planning Director; Pedro Rojas, Social Media Manager; Pancho González, CCO, Inbrax (CH), Oana Oprea, Head of Digital Planning, Jam Session Agency (RO), Amy Bottrill, Social Account Director, Launch (UK), Gaby Arriaga, Founder, Leonardo1452 (MX), Shantesh S Row, Creative Director, Liwa (UAE), Rajesh Mehta, Chief Strategy Officer; Dhruv Gaur, Digital Planning Lead; Leonie Mergulhao, Account Supervisor - Social Media & PR, Medulla (IN), Aurelija Plioplytė, Head of Digital & Social, Not Perfect (LI), Daiana Khaidargaliyeva, Account Manager, Osaka Labs (UK / USA), Stefanie Söhnchen, Vice President Digital, PIABO Communications (DE), Elisabeth Winiartati, Managing Consultant, Head of Global Integrated Communications; Lydia Aprina, Account Manager, Integrated Marketing and Communications; Nita Prabowo, Account Manager, Integrated Marketing and Communications; Okhi, Web Developer, PNTR Group (ID), Kei Obusan, Insights Director; Daffi Ranandi, Insights Manager, Radarr (SG), Gautam Reghunath, Co-founder & CEO, Talented (IN), Donagh Humphreys, Head of Social and Digital Innovation, THINKHOUSE (IRE), Sarah Yim, Strategy Director, Zulu Alpha Kilo (CA).
Trends In Paid Search: Navigating The Digital Landscape In 2024Search Engine Journal
The search marketing landscape is evolving rapidly with new technologies, and professionals, like you, rely on innovative paid search strategies to meet changing demands.
It’s important that you’re ready to implement new strategies in 2024.
Check this out and learn the top trends in paid search advertising that are expected to gain traction, so you can drive higher ROI more efficiently in 2024.
You’ll learn:
- The latest trends in AI and automation, and what this means for an evolving paid search ecosystem.
- New developments in privacy and data regulation.
- Emerging ad formats that are expected to make an impact next year.
Watch Sreekant Lanka from iQuanti and Irina Klein from OneMain Financial as they dive into the future of paid search and explore the trends, strategies, and technologies that will shape the search marketing landscape.
If you’re looking to assess your paid search strategy and design an industry-aligned plan for 2024, then this webinar is for you.
5 Public speaking tips from TED - Visualized summarySpeakerHub
From their humble beginnings in 1984, TED has grown into the world’s most powerful amplifier for speakers and thought-leaders to share their ideas. They have over 2,400 filmed talks (not including the 30,000+ TEDx videos) freely available online, and have hosted over 17,500 events around the world.
With over one billion views in a year, it’s no wonder that so many speakers are looking to TED for ideas on how to share their message more effectively.
The article “5 Public-Speaking Tips TED Gives Its Speakers”, by Carmine Gallo for Forbes, gives speakers five practical ways to connect with their audience, and effectively share their ideas on stage.
Whether you are gearing up to get on a TED stage yourself, or just want to master the skills that so many of their speakers possess, these tips and quotes from Chris Anderson, the TED Talks Curator, will encourage you to make the most impactful impression on your audience.
See the full article and more summaries like this on SpeakerHub here: https://speakerhub.com/blog/5-presentation-tips-ted-gives-its-speakers
See the original article on Forbes here:
http://www.forbes.com/forbes/welcome/?toURL=http://www.forbes.com/sites/carminegallo/2016/05/06/5-public-speaking-tips-ted-gives-its-speakers/&refURL=&referrer=#5c07a8221d9b
ChatGPT and the Future of Work - Clark Boyd Clark Boyd
Everyone is in agreement that ChatGPT (and other generative AI tools) will shape the future of work. Yet there is little consensus on exactly how, when, and to what extent this technology will change our world.
Businesses that extract maximum value from ChatGPT will use it as a collaborative tool for everything from brainstorming to technical maintenance.
For individuals, now is the time to pinpoint the skills the future professional will need to thrive in the AI age.
Check out this presentation to understand what ChatGPT is, how it will shape the future of work, and how you can prepare to take advantage.
The document provides career advice for getting into the tech field, including:
- Doing projects and internships in college to build a portfolio.
- Learning about different roles and technologies through industry research.
- Contributing to open source projects to build experience and network.
- Developing a personal brand through a website and social media presence.
- Networking through events, communities, and finding a mentor.
- Practicing interviews through mock interviews and whiteboarding coding questions.
Google's Just Not That Into You: Understanding Core Updates & Search IntentLily Ray
1. Core updates from Google periodically change how its algorithms assess and rank websites and pages. This can impact rankings through shifts in user intent, site quality issues being caught up to, world events influencing queries, and overhauls to search like the E-A-T framework.
2. There are many possible user intents beyond just transactional, navigational and informational. Identifying intent shifts is important during core updates. Sites may need to optimize for new intents through different content types and sections.
3. Responding effectively to core updates requires analyzing "before and after" data to understand changes, identifying new intents or page types, and ensuring content matches appropriate intents across video, images, knowledge graphs and more.
A brief introduction to DataScience with explaining of the concepts, algorithms, machine learning, supervised and unsupervised learning, clustering, statistics, data preprocessing, real-world applications etc.
It's part of a Data Science Corner Campaign where I will be discussing the fundamentals of DataScience, AIML, Statistics etc.
Time Management & Productivity - Best PracticesVit Horky
Here's my presentation on by proven best practices how to manage your work time effectively and how to improve your productivity. It includes practical tips and how to use tools such as Slack, Google Apps, Hubspot, Google Calendar, Gmail and others.
The six step guide to practical project managementMindGenius
The six step guide to practical project management
If you think managing projects is too difficult, think again.
We’ve stripped back project management processes to the
basics – to make it quicker and easier, without sacrificing
the vital ingredients for success.
“If you’re looking for some real-world guidance, then The Six Step Guide to Practical Project Management will help.”
Dr Andrew Makar, Tactical Project Management
Beginners Guide to TikTok for Search - Rachel Pearson - We are Tilt __ Bright...
Final Year Project
1. KAJIAN TABURAN DAN KELIMPAHAN
NANOPLANKTON (NANODIATOM)
DI KAWASAN PERAIRAN VIETNAM, LAUT
CHINA SELATAN
OLEH
NORASLIZAN BINTI SALLEH
UK 598
2. PENGENALAN
Nanodiatom - tumbuhan unisel
- kategori nanoplankton
- julat saiz 2-20 m (Levinton,1995)
- tergolong dalam fitoplankton
Mengapa kajian ini penting?
1. Kepentingan nanodiatom - sumber primer (sumbangan sebanyak
20-25% (Lokman, 1990)
- Makanan utama bagi organisma akuatik
- penunjuk biologi
2. Kurangnya kajian mengenai nanodiatom di Laut China Selatan
- telah dijalankan di beberapa perairan
diantaranya China, Norway, laut Atlantik
dan lain-lain lagi.
3. OBJEKTIF KAJIAN
1. Menganalisa taburan dan kelimpahan nanoplankton
(nanodiatom) pada lapisan klorofil maksimum
mengikut zon penyampelan di kawasan perairan
Vietnam, Laut China Selatan.
2. Mengkaji taburan dan kelimpahan pada 4 lapisan
(lapisan permukaan, termoklin, klorofil
maksimum dan subklorofil maksimum) pada 3
stesen terpilih sahaja.
3. Melihat kedominan spesies yang terdapat pada
kawasan kajian.
4. METODOLOGI
1.0 MAKLUMAT KAWASAN KAJIAN
CHINA
Dijalankan di perairan VIETNAM
22 °U
1
Vietnam (30 April Hai Nan Tao
20
hingga 29 Mei 1999). 5
18
Sebanyak 21 stesen LAOS
9
16
11
dipilih THAILAND
14 15 16 Laut
14
20 19 17 China
Stesen terbahagi CAMBODIA 22 24 Selatan
12
kepada tiga zon iaitu 29
27
zon pinggir pantai, zon 38
10
tengah dan zon luar 55
57 58
50 42
Petunjuk
Zon Pinggir Pantai
8
pantai 52 Zon Tengah
Zon Luar Pantai 6
MALAYSIA
102 104 106 108 110 112 114 °T
5. 2.0 Penyampelan dan penganalisaan data
Penyampelan dan Penganalisaan Data
Lokasi kajian Analisis dimakmal Analisis akhir
1. Pemotongan sampel 1. Pengiraan kepadatan
1. Pengambilan sampel 2. Pemprosesan sampel dengan sel dengan formula
2. Parameter mutu air bahan kimia 2. Analisa ujian statistik
3. Penapisan air sampel 3. Pengeringan sampel (alat anova sehala dan
4. Penyimpanan sampel CPD) indeks (H & J)
pada suhu yang sesuai 4. Penyaduran emas ('sputter 3. Menggunakan kaedah
coater') surfer, dendogram dan
CCA
'SEM’
1. Pengecaman dan pengenalpastian
nanodiatom melalui saiz
2. Menentukan bilangan nanodiatom
6. KEPUTUSAN
1.0 Taburan dan kelimpahan nanodiatom pada lapisan klorofil
maksimum bagi setiap stesen mengikut zon penyampelan
Jumlah sel per liter
35000
30000 14
25000
57
20000 1
15000 20 38 22
9 19
10000 29 27 50 24 52 55
58
15
5000 17
11
5 16 42
0
Zon pinggir pantai Zon tengah Zon luar pantai
Zon penyampelan
7. 1.1 Perbezaan taburan dan kelimpahan sel
per liter bagi setiap zon penyampelan
Graf bar menunjukkan purata sel per liter
melawan zon penyampelan Zon pinggir pantai paling (N)
tinggi taburan dan kelimpahan
18000 nanodiatom
16000
14000
Zon luar pantai paling rendah
12000
sel per 10000
liter 8000 Analisa statistik anova sehala
6000 mendapati (p < 0.05) dan ini
4000 bermakna terdapat perbezaan
2000 taburan dan kelimpahan yang
0 nyata di antara ketiga-tiga zon
N M O
penyampelan ini
Zon penyampelan
8. 1.2 Taburan dan kelimpahan nanodiatom
pada kawasan kajian
22.00
Vietnam
Peta kontour disebelah
20.00
menunjukkan taburan
18.00 30000
dan kelimpahan bagi
nanodiatom bagi setiap
16.00 24000
stesen penyampelan.
14.00 18000
12.00 12000
Kelimpahannya
10.00 6000
kelihatan tinggi di
8.00 0
kawasan berhampiran
6.00 dengan pantai
102.00 104.00 106.00 108.00 110.00 112.00 114.00
9. 2.0 Taburan dan kelimpahan nanodiatom pada
empat lapisan kajian bagi 3 stesen terpilih
Lapisan klorofil maksimum
25,000 pada zon pinggir pantai
1 paling tinggi kepadatan
20,000
selnya.
Sel per liter
15,000 N
1 27 27
24 24 M Lapisan termoklin paling
1
10,000 2724 O rendah kepadatan sel
5,000 nanodiatom bagi setiap zon.
27 24
0
S T CM B
Ujian statistik anova sehala
mendapati p < 0.05 dan ini
Lapisan bermakna terdapat
perbezaan taburan dan
kelimpahan yang nyata bagi
lapisan kajian.
10. 2.1 Peratus taburan dan kelimpahan
nanodiatom bagi setiap lapisan
Carta pai menunjukkan peratus taburan
dan kelimpahan nanodiatom bagi setiap Perbezaan taburan dan
lapisan kajian bagi tiga stesen terpilih kelimpahan jelas dapat
dilihat dari carta pai ini.
B Lapisan klorofil maksimum
24.03% S paling tinggi peratusannya,
32.56% dikuti oleh lapisan
permukaan, lapisan sub
klorofil maksimum dan
akhirnya lapisan termoklin.
T
2.71%
CM
40.70%
11. 3.0 Taburan dan kelimpahan spesies yang
ditemui di kawasan kajian
2500
Thalassiosira sp.
2000
Purata sel per liter
1500 Minidiscus sp.
1000 Chaetoceros sp.
Asterionella sp.
Psammodiscus sp.
500
Nitzschia sp.1
0
Sentrik Pennate
Spesies
12. 3.1 Taburan dan kelimpahan bagi kumpulan
nanodiatom (sentrik) di kawasan kajian
22.00
Vietnam
Peta kontour ini
Sel per liter
20.00 menunjukkan bahawa
18.00
24000 taburan dan kelimpahan bagi
20000 nanodiatom dari kumpulan
16.00
16000
sentrik di setiap stesen kajian.
14.00
12000
12.00
8000 Taburan dan kelimpahannya
10.00
4000 adalah tidak sekata.
8.00 0
6.00 Nilai sel per liter yang paling
102.00 104.00 106.00 108.00 110.00 112.00 114.00
tinggi di antara 20 hingga 24
ribu
13. 3.2 Taburan dan kelimpahan bagi kumpulan
nanodiatom (Pennate) di kawasan kajian
22.00
Vietnam Peta kontour ini
20.00
Sel per liter
menunjukkan taburan dan
kelimpahan bagi
18.00 15000
nanodiatom kumpulan
16.00 12000 pennate di kawasan kajian.
14.00 9000
12.00 6000
Taburan dan kelimpahan
terdapat bagi setiap stesen
10.00 3000
serta nilai sel per liternya
8.00 0 adalah berbeza.
6.00
102.00 104.00 106.00 108.00 110.00 112.00 114.00 Nilai sel yang paling tinggi
di antara 12 hingga 15 ribu
sel per liter.
14. 3.3 Taburan dan kelimpahan spesies
paling dominan Thalassiosira sp.
22.00
Vietnam
Sel per liter
20.00
Peta kontour menunjukkan
9000
18.00
8000
taburan dan kelimpahan
16.00
7000 nanodiatom (Thalassiosira sp.)
6000
dari kumpulan sentrik.
14.00 5000
4000
12.00
3000
10.00
2000
Julat sel per liter di antara 0
1000
hingga 9000 individu.
8.00 0
6.00
102.00 104.00 106.00 108.00 110.00 112.00 114.00
15. 3.4 Taburan dan kelimpahan bagi spesies kedua
dan ketiga dominan dari kumpulan sentrik .
22.00 22.00
Vietnam Vietnam
Sel per liter
Sel per liter
20.00 20.00
18.00 18.00
8000 8000
16.00 16.00
6000 6000
14.00 14.00
4000 4000
12.00 12.00
2000 2000
10.00 10.00
8.00 0 8.00 0
6.00 6.00
102.00 104.00 106.00 108.00 110.00 112.00 114.00 102.00 104.00 106.00 108.00 110.00 112.00 114.00
Minidiscus sp. Chaetoceros sp.
16. 3.5 Taburan dan kelimpahan bagi spesies keempat dan
kelima dominan dari kumpulan pennate.
22.00 22.00
Vietnam Vietnam
Sel per liter
Sel per liter
20.00 20.00
7000
18.00 18.00
6000 6000
16.00 16.00
5000
14.00 4000 14.00 4000
3000
12.00 12.00
2000 2000
10.00 10.00
1000
8.00 0 8.00 0
6.00 6.00
102.00 104.00 106.00 108.00 110.00 112.00 114.00 102.00 104.00 106.00 108.00 110.00 112.00 114.00
Asterionella sp. Psammodiscus sp.
17. 3.6 Indeks kepelbagaian (H) dan indeks
evenness (J) pada setiap stesen kajian
6
5
Indeks kepelbagaian
spesies paling tinggi di
4 stesen 57 (zon pinggir
pantai) dan paling
Indeks
J
3
H rendah pada stesen 5
(zon tengah)
2
1 Nilai indeks evenness
tidak banyak perbezaan
0
di setiap stesen.
14 (N)
19 (M)
22 (M)
27 (M)
16 (O)
38 (N)
50 (M)
55 (O)
58 (N)
1 (N)
9 (M)
Stesen kajian mengikut zon penyampelan
18. 3.7 Indeks kepelbagaian (H) dan indeks evenness
(J) pada lapisan kajian bagi tiga stesen terpilih
4.5
4 Indeks kepelbagaian (H)
3.5 tinggi pada lapisan
3 permukaan pada zon
luar pantai dan rendah
Indeks
2.5 J
2 H
pada lapisan termoklin.
1.5
1
0.5 Indeks evenness (J)
0 mempunyai nilai julat
CM (O)
CM (N)
CM (M)
S (O)
S (N)
S (M)
yang hampir sama bagi
Lapisan kajian
setiap lapisan.
19. Link age Dis t anc e
0. 0
0. 2
0. 4
0. 6
0. 8
1. 0
1. 2
1 7 .A mp h o r a
3 4 .N a v ic u la s p .2
3 2 .Th a la s s io n e ma
H
2 8 .N a v ic u la s p .1
3 0 .N itz s c h ia s p .1
2 4 .R a p h o n e is
2 2 .P s a mmo d is c u s
G
1 9 .Fr a g ila r ia
1 5 .A mp h ip lu e r a
2 0 .C y c lo te lla
1 6 .C y mb e la
2 9 .Fr a g ila r ia s p .1
F
3 1 .Fa lla c ia
1 2 .P s a mmo d ic ty o m
1 0 .C h a e to
9 . N itz s c h ia
E
2 3 .D ia d e s mis
1-Pearson r
7 . D ip lo n e is
2 6 .S te p h a n o d is c u s
Tree Diagram for 34 Cases
Unweighted pair-group average
6 . N a v ic u la
2 5 .N itz s c h ia s p .2
3 3 .B e r k e le y a
D
1 8 .C o s c in o d is c u s
1 4 .C o s mio n e is
4.0 Analisa ‘Cluster’
2 7 .L u tic o la
C
8 . Ma s to g lo ia
2 1 .A s tr io n e lla
5 . P s e u d o - n itz s c h ia
B
4 . C o c c o n e is
1 3 .S te p h a n o p h y x is
1 1 .C y lin d r o th e c a
3 . Fr a g ila r ia
A
2 . Min id is c u s
1 . Th a la s s io s ir a
4.1 Dendogram bagi spesies yang ditemui pada stesen kajian.
20. L in ka g e Dista n ce
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
1.2
1.4
8. C os mioneis
18.D iploneis
12.A mphiluea
17.C haetoc eros
20.N itz sc hia
E
19.Mas togloia
16.B erk eley a
7. P s ammodicty on
D
6. N av icula
10.C os cinodisc us
9. A mphora
1-Pears on r
3. Fragilaria
Tree D iagram for 20 C as es
15.N itz sc hia sp.2
C
U nw eighted pair-group av erage
2. Minidis c us
14.D iades mis
B
11.A s terionella
5. P s eudo-nitzc hia
4. C oc c oneis
13.P s ammodis c us
A
1. Thalasios ira
4.2 Dendogram bagi spesies yang ditemui pada lapisan kajian.
22. 5.2 Analisa CCA di lapisan kajian bagi tiga stesen terpilih
Pentunjuk:
t1 - Thalassiosira sp. 1 - S (N)
m2 - Minidiscus sp. 2 - T (N)
f3 - Fragilaria sp. 3 - CM (N)
c4 - Cocconeis sp. 4 - B (N)
p5 - Pseudo-nitzchia sp. 5 - S (O)
n6 - Navicula sp. 6 - T (O)
p7 - Psammodictyon sp. 7 - CM (O)
c8 - Cosmioneis sp. 8 - B (O)
a9 - Amphora sp. 9 - S (M)
c10 - Coscinodiscus sp. 10 - T (M)
a11 - Asterionella sp. 11 - CM (M)
a12 - Amphipluera sp. 12 - B (M)
d13 - Diademis sp.
b14 - Berk eleya sp. m17 - Mastogloia sp
c15 - Chaetoceros sp. n18 - Nitzschia sp.
d16 - Diploneis sp. p19 - Psammodiscus sp.
• perhubungan - suhu, saliniti, pH dan oksigen terlarut
• tumpuan - saliniti
• Amphora sp - gemar saliniti
• Chaetoceros sp. - gemar suhu
23. PERBINCANGAN
Kajian tertumpu pada lapisan klorofil
maksimum pada setiap stesen bagi zon
penyampelan yang berbeza.
Lapisan klorofil maksimum mempunyai
kepadatan klorofil yang tinggi.
Kehadiran klorofil tinggi disebabkan oleh
kepadatan fitoplankton (Schrader dan
Schuette,1991)
24. (sambungan)
• Zon pinggir pantai paling tinggi taburan dan
kelimpahan nanodiatom jika dibandingkan dengan
zon penyampelan yang lain
– disebabkan oleh nutrien
yang banyak berhampiran
19.08% pantai.
N
30.43% M
O – bahan organik dari
daratan menambahkan
50.49%
nutrien di kawasan pinggir
pantai (Juliano,1978)
25. (sambungan)
Lapisan klorofil maksimum
paling tinggi kepadatan
nanodiatom jika dibandingkan
dengan lapisan kajian yang
45000 lain bagi tiga stesen kajian
40000 yang terpilih.
35000
30000 Jumlah biomass tumbuhan
Jumlah
sel per
25000 primer tinggi di lapisan
liter
20000 klorofil maksimum (Lokman
15000 et. al,1988).
10000
5000 Lapisan termoklin kepadatan
0
S T CM B sel per liter nanodiatom
adalah rendah.
Lapisan kajian
Pengeluaran fitoplankton
adalah rendah dan kesukaran
untuk menstabilkan
pengeluaran primer di lapisan
termoklin (Fogg,1975).
26. (sambungan)
Spesies yang ditemui terbahagi kepada dua kumpulan iaitu
sentrik dan pennate.
Kumpulan pennate spesiesnya lebih banyak daripada
sentrik iaitu 27 spesies daripada 34 spesies.
Kumpulan pennate lebih menonjol (Hellebust dan
Lewin,1977).
Spesies paling dominan adalah Thalassiosira sp. dan paling
rendah kepadatan selnya adalah Nitzschia sp. 1.
Taburan dan kelimpahan nanodiatom juga bergantung
pada parameter mutu air serta dapat hidup jika
berlakunya perubahan.
Parameter mutu air penting dalam taburan dan musim
perubahan bagi fitoplankton (Guillard dan Kilham,1977).
27. KESIMPULAN
Taburan dan kelimpahan nanodiatom tertumpu
pada kawasan berhampiran pantai dan lapisan
klorofil maksimum.
Taburan dan kelimpahan adalah berbeza serta
tidak sekata bagi setiap zon dan lapisan kajian.
Spesies
paling dominan adalah Thalassiosira sp.
dengan nilai purata 2198.30 sel per liter.