Audience of the Presentation
Afghanistan is a fragile and conflict state (FCS). Its economy is suffering due to the political unrest. For the Economic Stability (SDGs # 8) of the country, people from every sphere of life have to do his role. General public have to be vigilant and abide by the rules & regulations of the country whereas politician and executive organs of the country have to develop policy to attract domestic and foreign resources to stabilize the economy.
Political Economy of a Post-Colonial State; Economic Development of PakistanShahid Hussain Raja
Despite all the ups and downs, Pakistan is now the 26th largest economy in the world in terms of Purchasing Power Parity, (44th largest in terms of nominal GDP). With per capita income of US$ 4550, Pakistan occupies at 140th place on this count in the world, thanks to her burgeoning population of 200 million people. Pakistan is one of the Next Eleven, the eleven countries that, along with the BRICs, have a potential to become one of the world's large economies in the 21st century. By 2050, with an estimated GDP of $3.33 trillion, Pakistan is expected to become world’s 18th largest economy, according to Goldman Sachs. However, this progress is not as impressive as it looks or should have been keeping her potential. Similarly her dismal social indicators, structural anomalies and income disparities leave much to be desired.
This presentation sums up the development experience—what Pakistan did marvellously, what it did marginally and where it failed miserably during her development journey. It ends with an the lessons other developing countries can learn from this development experience of Pakistan.
Impact of IMF loan on Pakistan's economy: In long run and short runAyesha Majid
To keep the balance of payments in check and to meet the financial obligations government of Pakistan has signed 13th bailout with IMF. This bailout has laid several conditions on the Pakistani government including those on taxes and subsidies, government spending, interest rate, foreign exchange rate and Pakistan's borrowing from China.
Whether the program turns to be beneficial or detrimental for the economy depends how the public responds to the measures and how thoughtfully the government implements it.
Political Economy of a Post-Colonial State; Economic Development of PakistanShahid Hussain Raja
Despite all the ups and downs, Pakistan is now the 26th largest economy in the world in terms of Purchasing Power Parity, (44th largest in terms of nominal GDP). With per capita income of US$ 4550, Pakistan occupies at 140th place on this count in the world, thanks to her burgeoning population of 200 million people. Pakistan is one of the Next Eleven, the eleven countries that, along with the BRICs, have a potential to become one of the world's large economies in the 21st century. By 2050, with an estimated GDP of $3.33 trillion, Pakistan is expected to become world’s 18th largest economy, according to Goldman Sachs. However, this progress is not as impressive as it looks or should have been keeping her potential. Similarly her dismal social indicators, structural anomalies and income disparities leave much to be desired.
This presentation sums up the development experience—what Pakistan did marvellously, what it did marginally and where it failed miserably during her development journey. It ends with an the lessons other developing countries can learn from this development experience of Pakistan.
Impact of IMF loan on Pakistan's economy: In long run and short runAyesha Majid
To keep the balance of payments in check and to meet the financial obligations government of Pakistan has signed 13th bailout with IMF. This bailout has laid several conditions on the Pakistani government including those on taxes and subsidies, government spending, interest rate, foreign exchange rate and Pakistan's borrowing from China.
Whether the program turns to be beneficial or detrimental for the economy depends how the public responds to the measures and how thoughtfully the government implements it.
Africa is home to some of the fast growing countries in the world, a wealth continent full of minerals, abundant human resources and opportunities. At the same time, poverty, underdevelopment, insecurity, infrastructure and talent gaps are high. With 54 independent States and a population of over 1.1 billion inhabitants, Africa economic growth is a paradox story. From the desert in the North through the rich mineral belts of the coastal lines and tourism savannah in Kenya to the dense equatorial forests of Congo basin, Africa’s old dilemma stays the same. The question remains, how can a continent gifted and endowed with the World’s most envied, high in demand and profitable natural resources, abundant and cheap labour market, vast arable land, tourism opportunities and favourable climate said to be the poorest?
Financing for development: Private sector developmentMaral Sagynalieva
Annually, a huge amount of financing for development is directed to developing countries. However, we have observed small returns or results of such huge monetary contributions for a long time. In this regard, new conception and strategies show that financing for development is a responsibility of each actor in a whole system: government with all its institutions, a private sector (firms, enterprises, and individuals), banks and micro financial sector, international community (development banks, various funds, and project programs). All these actors should work systematically and in a balanced manner with each other to achieve sustainable development for a long-term period.
Kunar province private sector development, thematic paper drafted by Ghulamul...Ghulamullah Afghanyar
The report describe in details the current status, recent developments, main challenges and barries and the potential opportunities in the private sector in Kunar Province, Afghanistan.
Essay on India—an Emerging Power in the World
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Even tho Pi network is not listed on any exchange yet.
Buying/Selling or investing in pi network coins is highly possible through the help of vendors. You can buy from vendors[ buy directly from the pi network miners and resell it]. I will leave the telegram contact of my personal vendor.
@Pi_vendor_247
Currently pi network is not tradable on binance or any other exchange because we are still in the enclosed mainnet.
Right now the only way to sell pi coins is by trading with a verified merchant.
What is a pi merchant?
A pi merchant is someone verified by pi network team and allowed to barter pi coins for goods and services.
Since pi network is not doing any pre-sale The only way exchanges like binance/huobi or crypto whales can get pi is by buying from miners. And a merchant stands in between the exchanges and the miners.
I will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi merchant. I and my friends has traded more than 6000pi coins successfully
Tele-gram
@Pi_vendor_247
how to sell pi coins at high rate quickly.DOT TECH
Where can I sell my pi coins at a high rate.
Pi is not launched yet on any exchange. But one can easily sell his or her pi coins to investors who want to hold pi till mainnet launch.
This means crypto whales want to hold pi. And you can get a good rate for selling pi to them. I will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi vendor below.
A vendor is someone who buys from a miner and resell it to a holder or crypto whale.
Here is the telegram contact of my vendor:
@Pi_vendor_247
how to sell pi coins in South Korea profitably.DOT TECH
Yes. You can sell your pi network coins in South Korea or any other country, by finding a verified pi merchant
What is a verified pi merchant?
Since pi network is not launched yet on any exchange, the only way you can sell pi coins is by selling to a verified pi merchant, and this is because pi network is not launched yet on any exchange and no pre-sale or ico offerings Is done on pi.
Since there is no pre-sale, the only way exchanges can get pi is by buying from miners. So a pi merchant facilitates these transactions by acting as a bridge for both transactions.
How can i find a pi vendor/merchant?
Well for those who haven't traded with a pi merchant or who don't already have one. I will leave the telegram id of my personal pi merchant who i trade pi with.
Tele gram: @Pi_vendor_247
#pi #sell #nigeria #pinetwork #picoins #sellpi #Nigerian #tradepi #pinetworkcoins #sellmypi
Resume
• Real GDP growth slowed down due to problems with access to electricity caused by the destruction of manoeuvrable electricity generation by Russian drones and missiles.
• Exports and imports continued growing due to better logistics through the Ukrainian sea corridor and road. Polish farmers and drivers stopped blocking borders at the end of April.
• In April, both the Tax and Customs Services over-executed the revenue plan. Moreover, the NBU transferred twice the planned profit to the budget.
• The European side approved the Ukraine Plan, which the government adopted to determine indicators for the Ukraine Facility. That approval will allow Ukraine to receive a EUR 1.9 bn loan from the EU in May. At the same time, the EU provided Ukraine with a EUR 1.5 bn loan in April, as the government fulfilled five indicators under the Ukraine Plan.
• The USA has finally approved an aid package for Ukraine, which includes USD 7.8 bn of budget support; however, the conditions and timing of the assistance are still unknown.
• As in March, annual consumer inflation amounted to 3.2% yoy in April.
• At the April monetary policy meeting, the NBU again reduced the key policy rate from 14.5% to 13.5% per annum.
• Over the past four weeks, the hryvnia exchange rate has stabilized in the UAH 39-40 per USD range.
how to swap pi coins to foreign currency withdrawable.DOT TECH
As of my last update, Pi is still in the testing phase and is not tradable on any exchanges.
However, Pi Network has announced plans to launch its Testnet and Mainnet in the future, which may include listing Pi on exchanges.
The current method for selling pi coins involves exchanging them with a pi vendor who purchases pi coins for investment reasons.
If you want to sell your pi coins, reach out to a pi vendor and sell them to anyone looking to sell pi coins from any country around the globe.
Below is the contact information for my personal pi vendor.
Telegram: @Pi_vendor_247
how can I sell pi coins after successfully completing KYCDOT TECH
Pi coins is not launched yet in any exchange 💱 this means it's not swappable, the current pi displaying on coin market cap is the iou version of pi. And you can learn all about that on my previous post.
RIGHT NOW THE ONLY WAY you can sell pi coins is through verified pi merchants. A pi merchant is someone who buys pi coins and resell them to exchanges and crypto whales. Looking forward to hold massive quantities of pi coins before the mainnet launch.
This is because pi network is not doing any pre-sale or ico offerings, the only way to get my coins is from buying from miners. So a merchant facilitates the transactions between the miners and these exchanges holding pi.
I and my friends has sold more than 6000 pi coins successfully with this method. I will be happy to share the contact of my personal pi merchant. The one i trade with, if you have your own merchant you can trade with them. For those who are new.
Message: @Pi_vendor_247 on telegram.
I wouldn't advise you selling all percentage of the pi coins. Leave at least a before so its a win win during open mainnet. Have a nice day pioneers ♥️
#kyc #mainnet #picoins #pi #sellpi #piwallet
#pinetwork
US Economic Outlook - Being Decided - M Capital Group August 2021.pdfpchutichetpong
The U.S. economy is continuing its impressive recovery from the COVID-19 pandemic and not slowing down despite re-occurring bumps. The U.S. savings rate reached its highest ever recorded level at 34% in April 2020 and Americans seem ready to spend. The sectors that had been hurt the most by the pandemic specifically reduced consumer spending, like retail, leisure, hospitality, and travel, are now experiencing massive growth in revenue and job openings.
Could this growth lead to a “Roaring Twenties”? As quickly as the U.S. economy contracted, experiencing a 9.1% drop in economic output relative to the business cycle in Q2 2020, the largest in recorded history, it has rebounded beyond expectations. This surprising growth seems to be fueled by the U.S. government’s aggressive fiscal and monetary policies, and an increase in consumer spending as mobility restrictions are lifted. Unemployment rates between June 2020 and June 2021 decreased by 5.2%, while the demand for labor is increasing, coupled with increasing wages to incentivize Americans to rejoin the labor force. Schools and businesses are expected to fully reopen soon. In parallel, vaccination rates across the country and the world continue to rise, with full vaccination rates of 50% and 14.8% respectively.
However, it is not completely smooth sailing from here. According to M Capital Group, the main risks that threaten the continued growth of the U.S. economy are inflation, unsettled trade relations, and another wave of Covid-19 mutations that could shut down the world again. Have we learned from the past year of COVID-19 and adapted our economy accordingly?
“In order for the U.S. economy to continue growing, whether there is another wave or not, the U.S. needs to focus on diversifying supply chains, supporting business investment, and maintaining consumer spending,” says Grace Feeley, a research analyst at M Capital Group.
While the economic indicators are positive, the risks are coming closer to manifesting and threatening such growth. The new variants spreading throughout the world, Delta, Lambda, and Gamma, are vaccine-resistant and muddy the predictions made about the economy and health of the country. These variants bring back the feeling of uncertainty that has wreaked havoc not only on the stock market but the mindset of people around the world. MCG provides unique insight on how to mitigate these risks to possibly ensure a bright economic future.
Falcon stands out as a top-tier P2P Invoice Discounting platform in India, bridging esteemed blue-chip companies and eager investors. Our goal is to transform the investment landscape in India by establishing a comprehensive destination for borrowers and investors with diverse profiles and needs, all while minimizing risk. What sets Falcon apart is the elimination of intermediaries such as commercial banks and depository institutions, allowing investors to enjoy higher yields.
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how to sell pi coins on Bitmart crypto exchangeDOT TECH
Yes. Pi network coins can be exchanged but not on bitmart exchange. Because pi network is still in the enclosed mainnet. The only way pioneers are able to trade pi coins is by reselling the pi coins to pi verified merchants.
A verified merchant is someone who buys pi network coins and resell it to exchanges looking forward to hold till mainnet launch.
I will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi merchant to trade with.
@Pi_vendor_247
how to sell pi coins effectively (from 50 - 100k pi)DOT TECH
Anywhere in the world, including Africa, America, and Europe, you can sell Pi Network Coins online and receive cash through online payment options.
Pi has not yet been launched on any exchange because we are currently using the confined Mainnet. The planned launch date for Pi is June 28, 2026.
Reselling to investors who want to hold until the mainnet launch in 2026 is currently the sole way to sell.
Consequently, right now. All you need to do is select the right pi network provider.
Who is a pi merchant?
An individual who buys coins from miners on the pi network and resells them to investors hoping to hang onto them until the mainnet is launched is known as a pi merchant.
debuts.
I'll provide you the Telegram username
@Pi_vendor_247
USDA Loans in California: A Comprehensive Overview.pptxmarketing367770
USDA Loans in California: A Comprehensive Overview
If you're dreaming of owning a home in California's rural or suburban areas, a USDA loan might be the perfect solution. The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) offers these loans to help low-to-moderate-income individuals and families achieve homeownership.
Key Features of USDA Loans:
Zero Down Payment: USDA loans require no down payment, making homeownership more accessible.
Competitive Interest Rates: These loans often come with lower interest rates compared to conventional loans.
Flexible Credit Requirements: USDA loans have more lenient credit score requirements, helping those with less-than-perfect credit.
Guaranteed Loan Program: The USDA guarantees a portion of the loan, reducing risk for lenders and expanding borrowing options.
Eligibility Criteria:
Location: The property must be located in a USDA-designated rural or suburban area. Many areas in California qualify.
Income Limits: Applicants must meet income guidelines, which vary by region and household size.
Primary Residence: The home must be used as the borrower's primary residence.
Application Process:
Find a USDA-Approved Lender: Not all lenders offer USDA loans, so it's essential to choose one approved by the USDA.
Pre-Qualification: Determine your eligibility and the amount you can borrow.
Property Search: Look for properties in eligible rural or suburban areas.
Loan Application: Submit your application, including financial and personal information.
Processing and Approval: The lender and USDA will review your application. If approved, you can proceed to closing.
USDA loans are an excellent option for those looking to buy a home in California's rural and suburban areas. With no down payment and flexible requirements, these loans make homeownership more attainable for many families. Explore your eligibility today and take the first step toward owning your dream home.
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how can i use my minded pi coins I need some funds.DOT TECH
If you are interested in selling your pi coins, i have a verified pi merchant, who buys pi coins and resell them to exchanges looking forward to hold till mainnet launch.
Because the core team has announced that pi network will not be doing any pre-sale. The only way exchanges like huobi, bitmart and hotbit can get pi is by buying from miners.
Now a merchant stands in between these exchanges and the miners. As a link to make transactions smooth. Because right now in the enclosed mainnet you can't sell pi coins your self. You need the help of a merchant,
i will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi merchant below. 👇 I and my friends has traded more than 3000pi coins with him successfully.
@Pi_vendor_247
Which Crypto to Buy Today for Short-Term in May-June 2024.pdf
Final project WBG -MOOC- financing for development-unlocking investment
1. Final Project
By
Hussain Ahmad Siraj
of
Financing for Development : Unlocking Investment
Opportunities
World Bank Group’s Massive Open Course (MOOC)
2. Afghanistan: Country Context
The Islamic Republic of Afghanistan is a landlocked
country located within South Asia and Central Asia.
Population of approximately 32 million - 42nd most
populous country in the world
Bordered by Pakistan in the south and east; Iran in the
west; Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, and Tajikistan in the
north; and China in the far northeast.
Territory covers 652,000 km2
(252,000 sq mi) - 41st largest
country in the world.
3. Political History of the Country
The political history of the modern state of Afghanistan began
with the Hotak and Durrani dynasties in the 18th century.
In the late 19th century, Afghanistan became a buffer state in the
"Great Game" between British India and the Russian Empire.
Following the Third Anglo-Afghan War in 1919, King Amanullah
unsuccessfully attempted to modernize the country.
Remained peaceful during Zahir Shah's forty years of monarchy.
A series of coups in the 1970s was followed by a series of civil
wars that devastated much of Afghanistan and continues to this
day.
In December 2001, Taliban government was overthrown and the
new Afghan government under President Hamid Karzai was
formed.
4. Political History of the Country (Contd)
International Security Assistance Force (ISAF) was established by the
UN Security Council to help assist the Karzai administration and
provide basic security.
Shortly after their fall from power, the Taliban began an insurgency to
regain control of Afghanistan.
In the decade following 2002, over five million Afghans were
repatriated, including some who were forcefully deported from
Western countries.
After the May 2011 death of Osama bin Laden, many prominent Afghan
figures were assassinated.
2014 presidential election, Ashraf Ghani became President.
The US war in Afghanistan (America's longest war) officially ended on
28 December 2014. However, thousands of US-led NATO troops have
remained in the country to train and advise Afghan government forces.
2001–present war has resulted in over 90,000 direct war-related deaths,
which includes insurgents, Afghan civilians and government forces.
Over 100,000 have been injured.
5. Fragile & Conflict State (FCS): Afghanistan
Afghanistan, an impoverished least developed country, one
of the poorest countries in the world due to lack of foreign
investment, government corruption and the Taliban
insurgency.
Attempts are being made, with the support of foreign
donor countries, to improve the country's economy,
healthcare, education, transport, and agriculture.
Corruption by Western defense and development
contractors and associated Afghans reached
unprecedented levels in a country .
Unemployment rate was reported in 2008 at about 35%.
About 42% of the population lives on less than $1 a day.
6. Problem: SDG Goal 8 – Sustainable Economy
Afghanistan is facing a Non-Stable Economy due to
the decades long civil wars and political instability.
This results in non availability of necessary finances
for the development of the economy.
Solution:
Afghanistan needs to be stabilize politically to attract
domestic and foreign resource mobilization to make
available resource for the Sustainable Economy in the
country .
7. Complex Bottlenecks to Transparent Private Finance Flow to
Stabilize Economy
According to Development Finance Forum, complex barriers
inside and outside the resource extraction sector are varied
and not limited to the following:
Difficult for fragile countries to catch up once domestic
stability has returned, increasing the risk of falling
back into a destructive cycle of conflict
Diminishing growth and extreme poverty
Threaten stability and economic growth
Inadequate infrastructure
Narrow tax base - widespread exemptions, weak
capacity of tax administration
Hard-to-tax economic activity of informal sector
Migration and forced displacements
8. Complex Bottlenecks to Transparent Private Finance Flow to
Stabilize Economy (Contd)
International crime havens, which fuel illicit financial
flows around arms, narcotics and rare minerals.
Political processes more vulnerable to patronage and
corruption at the expense of transparency and
accountability.
Data deserts
Weak governance
Poor or no education
Poor health and nutrition
Adverse demographics and blatant opportunism and
patronage hindered much-needed private finance for
development and helped perpetuate a cycle of
“deprivation, destitution and oppression”.
9. Doing-Business index of Afghanistan is not improved in 2017 as compared
to 2016, Its all because of the bottlenecks described in the previous slides.
Complex Bottlenecks to Transparent Private Finance Flow to
Stabilize Economy (Contd)
Source: Doing Business Index- 2016, 2017 WBG
10. Ratio of ODA/GNI of Afghanistan-38.3
ODA per capita of Afghanistan-$103
Complex Bottlenecks to Transparent Private Finance Flow to
Stabilize Economy (Contd)
11. Private Sector Window of IDA
According to Development Finance Form, scaling up private finance in
FCS to support sustainable development and job creation is urgently
needed and will significantly contribute to achieve the goals of the
Addis Ababa Action Agenda (AAAA) and the 2030-Agenda.
By 2030, 62% of global poor will live in fragile-conflicted situation.
As mention by Axel Van Trotsenburg, IDA replenishment for FY 18 to
20 is US$ 75 Billion financing package offers exceptional value for
money, with every one dollar in partnership contributions generating
about three dollars in spending authority.
Focus:
It focuses on following main areas:
Increasing productivity
Supporting Innovation
Reducing Risks
Types of Financings:
Long term and Short term Loans
Equity Capital
First Loss Cover
Advisory Service
12. World Bank Strategy for Afghanistan
The World Bank strategy for Afghanistan focuses on
following three areas of support:
Building the capacity and accountability of the
state, primarily to ensure the provision of services
that are affordable, accessible, and of adequate
quality for citizens
Promoting growth of the rural economy and
improving rural livelihoods
Supporting growth of a formal, modern, and
competitive private
13. Solution: Sustainable Economy - Business
Environment Reforms (BER) for Domestic & Foreign
Private Resource Mobilization
Provision of finances is the pivotal factor in the National Development
Plan (NDP) for country’s Sustainable Economy transformation.
Afghanistan is lacking the huge level of resources readily available for
investment. Therefore, Afghanistan needs to take necessary Business
Environment Reforms (BER) to develop investment climate in the country
to attract the investors - domestic and foreign.
Political stability
Transparency & Rule of Law
Fair trade and Equal Access
Assessment of economic and political risks
Tax System Reform as Smart Tax Administration
Use the Multilateral Development Banks (MDBs) and International
Monetary Fund (IMF) to mobilize and crowd in public and private
resources to fund the development projects (Multiplier Effect).
Develop a strategy to attract Public Private Partnership (PPP)
14. Business Environment Reforms (BER) for Domestic &
Foreign Private Resource Mobilization (Contd)
Blended Finance
Diaspora Bond could be used to attract the foreign remittance
as lots of Afghanis are living as emigrants in other countries
Scale-up the use of guarantees by international financial
institutions.
Consider opening up Multilateral Investment Guarantee
Agency (MIGA) to cover domestic investors
Reduce the first loss risk of pioneer investors
Unbundle, or ‘top-slice’, risk
Standardize
‘Reset’ investment authorities and ‘commercial’ diplomacy
Invest in the enabling environment for technology adoption
Provide local currency loans
Invest in skills and jobs for young people
Above all, stay committed
15. Photo Log of Project Funded by different
Organizations:
Villagers work on a community project,
which has been financed under NSP in a
village in Farah Province
A cross drainage structure and bridge have
been built under NEEPRA project in Kapisa
Province
A view of Salang Pass, being rehabilitated
under the World Bank-financed Transport
Project
16. Photo Log of Project Funded by different
Organizations:
A teacher dictates to a student at a primary
school in Balkh Province
A doctor examines a female patient in a
health clinic in Sar-e-Pul Province
Customs officials in Herat Province use
ASYCUDA system
17. References:
Afghanistan https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afghanistan
Axel Van Trotsenburg, The Role of IDA in Development Finance.
Joaquim Levy, Unlocking investment opportunities in fragile-markets,
2016.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Symgtay13Dw.
“From Billions to Trillions: Transforming Development-Finance Post-
2015 Financing for Development: MDF”, 2015 Development Committee.
International Fianance Institution and Development through the
Private Sector, Joint Report.
Private Sector Window http://www.gafspfund.org/content/private-
sector-window
Strengthening Public Financial Management in Post-conflict
Countries, WBG, Economic-Premise, 2011.
The World Bank in Afghanistan, Country Update, April 2017
Unlocking Opportunities in fragile-markets, Development Finance
Forum, Dublin, 2016.