5. The rate at which a sound wave vibrates, determining its pitch. Measured in
Hertz (Hz). Frequency is basically based on the pitch of sound.
6. 1Hz=1 Vibration/second
• Sounds between 20 Hz and 20,000 Hz are
audible to those with normal hearing.
• Ultrasound frequencies are those that are higher
than 20,000 Hz.
• Your dog is tuning into ultrasonic frequencies,
which can reach up to 45,000 Hz, as he tilts his
head to listen to sounds that appear unreal.
This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA
7. AMPLITUDE
(db)
The magnitude of sound wave vibrations, affecting its loudness or volume.
Measured in decibels.
This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA
8. XdB=10log10(XlinXref)
• When the amplitude rises or falls, the sound is
perceived as becoming louder or softer.
• The quantity of energy that a wave contains is
correlated with its amplitude.
• An energy wave with a high amplitude has a
great energy carrying capacity, whereas one with
a low amplitude has a small one. This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY
9. WAVELENGTH
The distance between successive peaks or troughs of a sound wave, inversely
related to frequency.
This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA-NC
10. Wavelength
• Because the wave's energy is
dispersed over an increasing region,
the amplitude of a sound wave
diminishes with distance from its
source.
• Type of wavelengths:
• Longitudinal
• Transverse
• Resonant
• Harmonic
• Room modes
12. Phase
• The phase of a sound wave is a crucial property.
Phase describes where a point is located or when it
occurs inside a repeating waveform's wave cycle.
Usually, what matters are the phase differences
between sound waves as opposed to the signals'
exact absolute phases.
• The difference in time between the same places
within the wave cycles of two sounds of the same
frequency flowing past a fixed location gives the
phase difference between the two waves.
This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY
13. Speed of Sound
• Depending on the material that sound is passing through, its speed might change significantly.
• The stiffness of the medium (or compressibility in the case of gases) and its density work
together to define the speed of sound in that medium.
• The speed of sound decreases with increasing medium density. Air is compressible, which
results in a low sound speed in the atmosphere.
15. Auditory Wayfinding Systems:
• In both indoor and outdoor settings, these systems employ sound cues to give users aural direction
and information regarding navigation routes, landmarks, and sites of interest.
• In order to deliver location-based audio instructions in real time via smartphones or wearable
technology, audio navigation systems frequently make use of technologies like GPS, Bluetooth
beacons, or Wi-Fi networks.
Sonic Navigation in Virtual Environments:
• Through the use of spatialized sound and 3D audio technologies, virtual reality (VR) and augmented
reality (AR) apps may create realistic aural worlds that assist users with visual impairments in
navigating and interacting. User orientation, spatial exploration, and interaction with virtual objects and
information are all facilitated by sonic navigation cues and audio beacons.
Text-to-Speech and Voice Assistants:
• People with visual impairments may access and engage with digital material, such as webpages,
documents, and mobile apps, thanks to text-to-speech (TTS) technology, which translates digital text
into spoken sounds. Users may execute activities and get information by using voice commands using
voice assistants such as Siri, Google Assistant, and Amazon Alexa. These assistants allow users to
access information and services hands-free.
17. Entertainment and Media:
To create immersive experiences in films, TV
series, video games, and live events, sound
is crucial in the entertainment business.
Realistic audio environments are presented
to viewers via surround sound technology,
while soundtracks, sound effects, and
conversation improve narrative and elicit
strong feelings.
Healthcare and Medical
Imaging:
Ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging
(MRI) are two diagnostic imaging procedures
in the medical field that use sound. In order
to help with medical condition diagnosis,
ultrasound employs sound waves to produce
pictures of inside organs and tissues.
Ultrasound treatment is one type of therapy
that uses sound to help with rehabilitation
and pain management.
18. Telecommunications and Voice
Communication:
Speech communication between people and
organisations is made possible by
telecommunications, which uses sound to
send signals across phone lines, mobile
networks, and internet protocols. While
chatbots and virtual assistants engage with
consumers using speech detection and
synthesis, VoIP (Voice over Internet
Protocol) technology enables voice
conversations and conferences over the
internet.
Aerospace and Aviation:
The design of aircraft and noise reduction
techniques in the aerospace and aviation
industries are based on sound engineering
concepts. Enhancing passenger comfort and
lessening environmental impact,
soundproofing materials and engine
technology assist reduce noise levels both
inside and outside of aeroplanes.
19. Education and Training:
Presentations, lectures, and multimedia
learning resources all employ sound in
educational contexts. Language learning apps
employ sound to teach listening comprehension
and pronunciation, while audio recordings,
podcasts, and online courses give students
access to instructional information.
Music Production and
Recording:
In order to create, organise, and produce songs
and albums, sound is the basis of music
production. Capturing, mixing, and mastering
audio recordings in recording studios ensures
high-quality sound for commercial releases by
using equipment, software, and sound
engineering procedures.
20. Questions
• What factors affect the speed of sound in a medium?
• Density, temperature and elasticity
• How do humans perceive sound frequency?
• Pitch
• What is the speed of sound in a medium influenced by?
• Density
• What is the measure of sound intensity?
• Decibals
• What is the unit of measurement for sound frequency?
• Hertz
21. REFERENCES
• The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica
(2024, March 7). Frequency. Britannica.
https://www.britannica.com/science/frequenc
y-physics
• The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica
(n.d.). Amplitude. Britannica.
https://www.britannica.com/science/amplitude
-physics
• Pyzdek, A. P. (n.d.). The World Through
Sound: Wavelength. Acoustics Today.
https://acousticstoday.org/wavelength/
• Howell, E. (2012, May 31). What Is the
Speed of Sound? LIVESCIENCE.
https://www.livescience.com/37022-speed-of-
sound-mach-1.html
22. This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-NC
Editor's Notes
HI TODSAY ME AND MY FELLOW GROUP MEMBERS WOULD IIKE TO PRESENT YOU A TOPIC COMP AND MEASUEMETMNS OF SOUND
