The study aimed to identify factors influencing career choices of Pharm.D. candidates. Thirteen pharmacy students participated in focus groups. The majority planned to work in retail or hospitals settings after graduation. Rotations, professors, employers, and family influenced career decisions. All agreed clinical pharmacy and residency were strongly promoted at their school. Experiences during pharmacy school, like rotations and professor opinions, along with salary considerations, impacted career selection and decisions around pursuing residency training.
Our main involvement with your clinical research recruitment program concludes with processing the responses to your mailer. As our staff members direct the respondents to your site, you can begin conducting final interviews to complete the clinical trial recruitment process.
A presentation showcasing some of the patient recruitment challenges that I encountered as a recruitment manager as well as some of the strategies -- DIGITAL ADVERTISING -- I used to overcome them.
Assessment of healthcare providers’ collaboration at governmental hospitalsiyad shaqura
This is the presentation of master thesis in public health which was about the assessment of healthcare providers collaboration at governmental hospitals in Gaza Governorates in Palestine.
Our main involvement with your clinical research recruitment program concludes with processing the responses to your mailer. As our staff members direct the respondents to your site, you can begin conducting final interviews to complete the clinical trial recruitment process.
A presentation showcasing some of the patient recruitment challenges that I encountered as a recruitment manager as well as some of the strategies -- DIGITAL ADVERTISING -- I used to overcome them.
Assessment of healthcare providers’ collaboration at governmental hospitalsiyad shaqura
This is the presentation of master thesis in public health which was about the assessment of healthcare providers collaboration at governmental hospitals in Gaza Governorates in Palestine.
Best strategies for successful recruitment and retentionTrialJoin
Best strategies for successful recruitment and retention for clinical research studies
Contact info@trialjoin.com for more information about patient recruitment help, obtaining new studies or help with site management.
Patient recruitment & retention is highlighted as the key factor in ensuring study success, the area of patient retention in clinical trials is often overlooked. Retention of patients throughout the life of a clinical trial is however extremely vital from scientific as well as economic point of view. Poor recruitment & retention negatively impacts on the overall evaluable data for regulatory submissions. Dropped participants must be replaced which incurs further expenditures and time delays. Subject dropout rates are estimated to range from 15-40% of enrolled participants in clinical trials.
Patients' Perceptions of Community Pharmacy Practice in UAE: An Overviewiosrphr_editor
The IOSR Journal of Pharmacy (IOSRPHR) is an open access online & offline peer reviewed international journal, which publishes innovative research papers, reviews, mini-reviews, short communications and notes dealing with Pharmaceutical Sciences( Pharmaceutical Technology, Pharmaceutics, Biopharmaceutics, Pharmacokinetics, Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Computational Chemistry and Molecular Drug Design, Pharmacognosy & Phytochemistry, Pharmacology, Pharmaceutical Analysis, Pharmacy Practice, Clinical and Hospital Pharmacy, Cell Biology, Genomics and Proteomics, Pharmacogenomics, Bioinformatics and Biotechnology of Pharmaceutical Interest........more details on Aim & Scope).
Patients Recruitment Forecast in Clinical TrialsCognizant
Inaccurate patient recruitment forecasts for clinical trials cost pharmaceuticals and medical device manufacturers a huge amount of resources each year. We offer descriptions and examples of applying stochastic and non-stochastic approaches to increase accuracy in this crucial stage of drug testing.
Mosio's Clinical Trial Patient Recruitment and Retention Ebook (First Edition)Mosio
The first edition of Mosio's patient recruitment and retention ebook contains 68 tips and examples from clinical research industry professionals on ways to improve efforts to recruit, retain and engage clinical trial patients.
To get access to a free download of the 2nd Edition, visit http://www.mosio.com/prebook
For more information on how you can improve patient engagement while increasing workflow efficiencies in communicating with study participants using two-way text messaging, please visit us at http://www.mosio.com
Influence of medicare formulary restrictions on evidence based prescribing pr...TÀI LIỆU NGÀNH MAY
Để xem full tài liệu Xin vui long liên hệ page để được hỗ trợ
: https://www.facebook.com/thuvienluanvan01
HOẶC
https://www.facebook.com/garmentspace/
https://www.facebook.com/thuvienluanvan01
https://www.facebook.com/thuvienluanvan01
tai lieu tong hop, thu vien luan van, luan van tong hop, do an chuyen nganh
•The major steps in conducting a clinical trial study are study design, study conduct, data analysis and reporting of the findings.
•Randomized clinical trials are deemed as a gold standard method for analyzing and evaluating the safety and effectiveness of medical devices or pharmaceutical drugs.
•The most challenging part of conducting a randomized clinical trial are related to handling ethical and regulatory systems.
To Continue Reading : https://bit.ly/3eypDDm
Contact Us:
Website : https://bit.ly/3fQY0p0
Email Id: sales.cro@pepgra.com
In the existence of mankind, a phrase has all the time
occupied the mind of most, if not all, of everyone, that of
attaining satisfaction out of what is being done, especially,
from the means of livelihood, termed as job satisfaction. Job
satisfaction is being described as the regard to one's feelings
or state-of-mind about the nature of everyone’s work. It is a
very important contributing factor for a person’s productivity
and motivation.
Evidence-Based Medicine Process in ThailandDMS Library
Information Use Behavior of Clinicians in
Evidence-Based Medicine Process in Thailand
Somrux Sahapong MA*, Lampang Manmart PhD*,
Dusadee Ayuvat PhD*, Somkiat Potisat MD**
Part of a thesis entitle: Role and competencies of medical information professionals in evidence-based medicine.
PhD in Information Studies Program, Khon Kaen University, Thailand.
* Department of Humanities & Social Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
** Department of Medical Service, Ministry of Public Health, Nonthaburi, Thailand
Medication Administration Errors at Children's University Hospitals: Nurses P...iosrjce
Medication administration errors(MAE) can threaten patient outcomes and are a dimension of
patient safety directly linked to nursing care. Children are particularly vulnerable to medication errors because
of their unique physiology and developmental needs.
Aims: The present study aims to examine types, stages and causes of medication errors. Barriers of medication
administration errors reporting and its facilitator at pediatric University hospitals from nurses point of view.
Methods: A descriptive study was conducted in Pediatric intensive care units, medical, surgical and urology
ward of children's university hospital at Mansoura University, intensive care units, kidney dialysis at
Abouelrash pediatric hospital and general wards of Elmonaira at Cairo University Hospitals. 80 nurses were
included in the study after fulfilling the criteria of selection. A structured interview questionnaire that consists
of four sections was used.
Results: The highest types of medication errors as reported by studied nurses occurred when the medication is
delivered by the wrong route, the highest stage of medication errors done by nurses was missing of medication
then patient monitoring and administration and the highest cause of medication errors was due to heavy
workload. The results of this study indicated that the strongest perceived barriers to medication administration
errors reporting were fear from consequences of reporting, then managerial factor and then the process of
reporting from the nurse's viewpoint. The nurses agree that identifying benefits of reporting followed agree that
feeling safe about working environment, and agree that good professional relationship with physicians was the
most facilitating factors of reporting medication errors.
Conclusions: It was concluded that medication errors result from interrelated factors, the strongest perceived
barriers to medication administration errors reporting were fear from consequences of reporting, and good
relationship with nurse managers and physicians were the most facilitators of reporting medication errors.
Recommendation: The study recommended that the assessment of medication errors should be done
periodically and in- service training program about medication administrations should be applied
Olympus Global - Multiple Products One SourceShaun Jackson
Since 1974 Olympus Global Ltd have developed, implemented and managed long term supply partnerships with many major OEM customers either directly or via first tier suppliers.
Through an established global supply chain we specialise in the following core components;
• Turned & Machined Parts
• Automotive Cold Forgings
• Ford World Series Parts
• Hot Forgings
• Gravity, Investment & Pressure Die Castings
• Pressing & Welded Assemblies
• Spring Steel
• Wire Forms
• Tube Manipulation
• Sheet Metal Fasteners
• Rubber & Plastic Mouldings & Extrusions
ISO9002 was awarded in 1993 and our current BS ISO 9001 2000 Quality Management System was awarded in 2004. Environmental Standard IS0 14001 was awarded in 1999.
Components are supplied with initial samples and certification to PPAP level 3, following approval all production parts are supplied with full batch traceability. In house Coordinate Measuring, Hardness Testing and Automated Optical Sorting equipment ensures quality is maintained to consistently high standards.
We develop, implement and manage all forms of supply method including;
• Discrete Order
• Schedule
• Kanfax
• Direct Line Feed
Where possible we utilise electronic data transfer and can offer consolidated monthly invoices which helps reduce administrative functions for us both. Regular review meetings to discuss forecasts, service levels, quality, NPI and on going drawing issue management are essential and a must for any successful partnership.
Best strategies for successful recruitment and retentionTrialJoin
Best strategies for successful recruitment and retention for clinical research studies
Contact info@trialjoin.com for more information about patient recruitment help, obtaining new studies or help with site management.
Patient recruitment & retention is highlighted as the key factor in ensuring study success, the area of patient retention in clinical trials is often overlooked. Retention of patients throughout the life of a clinical trial is however extremely vital from scientific as well as economic point of view. Poor recruitment & retention negatively impacts on the overall evaluable data for regulatory submissions. Dropped participants must be replaced which incurs further expenditures and time delays. Subject dropout rates are estimated to range from 15-40% of enrolled participants in clinical trials.
Patients' Perceptions of Community Pharmacy Practice in UAE: An Overviewiosrphr_editor
The IOSR Journal of Pharmacy (IOSRPHR) is an open access online & offline peer reviewed international journal, which publishes innovative research papers, reviews, mini-reviews, short communications and notes dealing with Pharmaceutical Sciences( Pharmaceutical Technology, Pharmaceutics, Biopharmaceutics, Pharmacokinetics, Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Computational Chemistry and Molecular Drug Design, Pharmacognosy & Phytochemistry, Pharmacology, Pharmaceutical Analysis, Pharmacy Practice, Clinical and Hospital Pharmacy, Cell Biology, Genomics and Proteomics, Pharmacogenomics, Bioinformatics and Biotechnology of Pharmaceutical Interest........more details on Aim & Scope).
Patients Recruitment Forecast in Clinical TrialsCognizant
Inaccurate patient recruitment forecasts for clinical trials cost pharmaceuticals and medical device manufacturers a huge amount of resources each year. We offer descriptions and examples of applying stochastic and non-stochastic approaches to increase accuracy in this crucial stage of drug testing.
Mosio's Clinical Trial Patient Recruitment and Retention Ebook (First Edition)Mosio
The first edition of Mosio's patient recruitment and retention ebook contains 68 tips and examples from clinical research industry professionals on ways to improve efforts to recruit, retain and engage clinical trial patients.
To get access to a free download of the 2nd Edition, visit http://www.mosio.com/prebook
For more information on how you can improve patient engagement while increasing workflow efficiencies in communicating with study participants using two-way text messaging, please visit us at http://www.mosio.com
Influence of medicare formulary restrictions on evidence based prescribing pr...TÀI LIỆU NGÀNH MAY
Để xem full tài liệu Xin vui long liên hệ page để được hỗ trợ
: https://www.facebook.com/thuvienluanvan01
HOẶC
https://www.facebook.com/garmentspace/
https://www.facebook.com/thuvienluanvan01
https://www.facebook.com/thuvienluanvan01
tai lieu tong hop, thu vien luan van, luan van tong hop, do an chuyen nganh
•The major steps in conducting a clinical trial study are study design, study conduct, data analysis and reporting of the findings.
•Randomized clinical trials are deemed as a gold standard method for analyzing and evaluating the safety and effectiveness of medical devices or pharmaceutical drugs.
•The most challenging part of conducting a randomized clinical trial are related to handling ethical and regulatory systems.
To Continue Reading : https://bit.ly/3eypDDm
Contact Us:
Website : https://bit.ly/3fQY0p0
Email Id: sales.cro@pepgra.com
In the existence of mankind, a phrase has all the time
occupied the mind of most, if not all, of everyone, that of
attaining satisfaction out of what is being done, especially,
from the means of livelihood, termed as job satisfaction. Job
satisfaction is being described as the regard to one's feelings
or state-of-mind about the nature of everyone’s work. It is a
very important contributing factor for a person’s productivity
and motivation.
Evidence-Based Medicine Process in ThailandDMS Library
Information Use Behavior of Clinicians in
Evidence-Based Medicine Process in Thailand
Somrux Sahapong MA*, Lampang Manmart PhD*,
Dusadee Ayuvat PhD*, Somkiat Potisat MD**
Part of a thesis entitle: Role and competencies of medical information professionals in evidence-based medicine.
PhD in Information Studies Program, Khon Kaen University, Thailand.
* Department of Humanities & Social Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
** Department of Medical Service, Ministry of Public Health, Nonthaburi, Thailand
Medication Administration Errors at Children's University Hospitals: Nurses P...iosrjce
Medication administration errors(MAE) can threaten patient outcomes and are a dimension of
patient safety directly linked to nursing care. Children are particularly vulnerable to medication errors because
of their unique physiology and developmental needs.
Aims: The present study aims to examine types, stages and causes of medication errors. Barriers of medication
administration errors reporting and its facilitator at pediatric University hospitals from nurses point of view.
Methods: A descriptive study was conducted in Pediatric intensive care units, medical, surgical and urology
ward of children's university hospital at Mansoura University, intensive care units, kidney dialysis at
Abouelrash pediatric hospital and general wards of Elmonaira at Cairo University Hospitals. 80 nurses were
included in the study after fulfilling the criteria of selection. A structured interview questionnaire that consists
of four sections was used.
Results: The highest types of medication errors as reported by studied nurses occurred when the medication is
delivered by the wrong route, the highest stage of medication errors done by nurses was missing of medication
then patient monitoring and administration and the highest cause of medication errors was due to heavy
workload. The results of this study indicated that the strongest perceived barriers to medication administration
errors reporting were fear from consequences of reporting, then managerial factor and then the process of
reporting from the nurse's viewpoint. The nurses agree that identifying benefits of reporting followed agree that
feeling safe about working environment, and agree that good professional relationship with physicians was the
most facilitating factors of reporting medication errors.
Conclusions: It was concluded that medication errors result from interrelated factors, the strongest perceived
barriers to medication administration errors reporting were fear from consequences of reporting, and good
relationship with nurse managers and physicians were the most facilitators of reporting medication errors.
Recommendation: The study recommended that the assessment of medication errors should be done
periodically and in- service training program about medication administrations should be applied
Olympus Global - Multiple Products One SourceShaun Jackson
Since 1974 Olympus Global Ltd have developed, implemented and managed long term supply partnerships with many major OEM customers either directly or via first tier suppliers.
Through an established global supply chain we specialise in the following core components;
• Turned & Machined Parts
• Automotive Cold Forgings
• Ford World Series Parts
• Hot Forgings
• Gravity, Investment & Pressure Die Castings
• Pressing & Welded Assemblies
• Spring Steel
• Wire Forms
• Tube Manipulation
• Sheet Metal Fasteners
• Rubber & Plastic Mouldings & Extrusions
ISO9002 was awarded in 1993 and our current BS ISO 9001 2000 Quality Management System was awarded in 2004. Environmental Standard IS0 14001 was awarded in 1999.
Components are supplied with initial samples and certification to PPAP level 3, following approval all production parts are supplied with full batch traceability. In house Coordinate Measuring, Hardness Testing and Automated Optical Sorting equipment ensures quality is maintained to consistently high standards.
We develop, implement and manage all forms of supply method including;
• Discrete Order
• Schedule
• Kanfax
• Direct Line Feed
Where possible we utilise electronic data transfer and can offer consolidated monthly invoices which helps reduce administrative functions for us both. Regular review meetings to discuss forecasts, service levels, quality, NPI and on going drawing issue management are essential and a must for any successful partnership.
Desde el pasado 11 de febrero un grupo de
personas cruzó la frontera en busca de protección desde el corregimiento de La Gabarra, departamento de Norte de Santander, Colombia, hacia el Sector “El Cruce”,
municipio Jesús María Semprún, estado Zulia, Venezuela. Estas personas, que arribaron su mayoría por el río Catatumbo, afirman temores de persecución y amenazas
de presuntos grupos armados ilegales que pretendían ingresar a la zona tras el proceso de desmovilización de las Fuerzas Armadas Revolucionarias de Colombia (FARC), lo
cual aún debe ser verificado por la Misión de la ONU en Colombia. ACNUR todavía está confirmando las cifras; hasta hoy ha conversado con alrededor de 200 campesinos.
PMI Urabá Desarrollo técnico de las acciones y criterios de ordenamiento asoc...UrabaAntioquia
Este informe compila, de manera general, los datos más importantes de las propuestas de los proyectos estratégicos de los Proyectos Municipales Integrales PMI que el Centro de Estudios Urbanos y Ambientales urbam, de la Universidad de Eafit, propone para los municipios de Turbo, Apartadó, Carepa y Chigorodó. En articulación parcial con las intervenciones impulsadas por los gobiernos locales y departamental a escala municipal, los proyectos aquí descritos contemplan un importante componente de sostenibilidad ambiental, debido a las características de la región, una región reconocida mundialmente por ser una de las más biodiversas a escala global. Mientras que para Turbo el proyecto estratégico es la Recuperación del Puerto del Waffe, para el resto de los municipios son el Paseo urbano de Vía al Mar, el Sistema Sostenible de Agua Lluvia y el Parque Ecológico Río de Guaduas, para Apartadó, Carepa, y Chigorodó, respectivamente.
Délaisser le canal print est une (grossière) erreurarvato France
Réaliser des campagnes marketing digitales, du trigger au retargeting, va de soi. Pourtant, face à un consommateur en quête de sens, délaisser le print est une (grossière) erreur. Le print est encore et toujours « un canal de conversion d’avenir ».
International Organization of Scientific Research (IOSR)iosrphr_editor
The IOSR Journal of Pharmacy (IOSRPHR) is an open access online & offline peer reviewed international journal, which publishes innovative research papers, reviews, mini-reviews, short communications and notes dealing with Pharmaceutical Sciences( Pharmaceutical Technology, Pharmaceutics, Biopharmaceutics, Pharmacokinetics, Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Computational Chemistry and Molecular Drug Design, Pharmacognosy & Phytochemistry, Pharmacology, Pharmaceutical Analysis, Pharmacy Practice, Clinical and Hospital Pharmacy, Cell Biology, Genomics and Proteomics, Pharmacogenomics, Bioinformatics and Biotechnology of Pharmaceutical Interest........more details on Aim & Scope).
All manuscripts are subject to rapid peer review. Those of high quality (not previously published and not under consideration for publication in another journal) will be published without delay.
Benchmarking Bio-Pharmaceutical Medical Education Programs: Structures, Resou...Best Practices
Bio-pharmaceutical organizations have long relied on medical education programs to provide latest medical knowledge to physicians and other health care professionals. However, recent compliance rules and regulations have tempered the sponsorship of some medical education programs by bio-pharmaceutical companies, as well as some third-party providers of such services.
Best Practices, LLC, undertook benchmarking research to probe emerging medical education trends at top bio-pharmaceutical companies. In particular, this research provides benchmarks on the proper size, structure, activities performed, staffing, and investment for the Medical Education function.
Download Full Report: http://bit.ly/2cf5PYb
As part of our recent report, Understanding pressures in general practice, we conducted a survey of GP trainees. We asked trainees about their intended future working patterns and their views on the pressures facing general practice, the results of which are presented in these slides.
Optimize the Role of Medical Affairs in Health Economics & Outcomes Research ...Best Practices
The Medical Affairs function plays an important role in health outcomes (HO) information exchange between bio-pharmaceutical organizations and key external stakeholders.
Development of robust health outcomes capabilities within Medical Affairs function requires an increase in the function’s involvement with health outcomes groups, development of field-based health outcomes capabilities, customization of health outcomes data as per stakeholders’ needs, and building real world data capabilities to generate and utilize health outcomes information.
This benchmarking research from Best Practices, LLC is designed to assist companies focused on oncology therapies find better ways to develop effective health outcomes groups. It provides current data and best practices from Medical Affairs leaders with an oncology focus at leading bio-pharmaceutical companies.
Download Full Report: http://bit.ly/2e3sl9Q
Attitude of Pharmacists to the Pharmaceutical care concept in rivers and baye...iosrphr_editor
The IOSR Journal of Pharmacy (IOSRPHR) is an open access online & offline peer reviewed international journal, which publishes innovative research papers, reviews, mini-reviews, short communications and notes dealing with Pharmaceutical Sciences( Pharmaceutical Technology, Pharmaceutics, Biopharmaceutics, Pharmacokinetics, Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Computational Chemistry and Molecular Drug Design, Pharmacognosy & Phytochemistry, Pharmacology, Pharmaceutical Analysis, Pharmacy Practice, Clinical and Hospital Pharmacy, Cell Biology, Genomics and Proteomics, Pharmacogenomics, Bioinformatics and Biotechnology of Pharmaceutical Interest........more details on Aim & Scope).
SELF MEDICATION PRACTICES FOR ORAL HEALTH PROBLEMS AMONG DENTAL PATIENTS IN B...iosrphr_editor
Introduction: Self‑ medication is commonly practiced all over the world. Self-medication is defined as the use
of medication by a patient on his own initiative or on the advice of a pharmacist or a lay person instead of
consulting a medical practitioner. The present study was aimed to estimate the prevalence of self-medication for
oral health problems among dental patients in Bengaluru city; to identify triggering factors that could influence
self-medication practices; to identify sources of medications used; to identify sources of information about
medications used; and to identify reasons for self-medication.Study Design: A Cross sectional Study.Methods:A
survey was conducted among 175 subjects among dental patients in Bengaluru city. Data were collected
through a specially designed proforma using a closed‑ ended, self‑ administered questionnaire containing 15
questions, in five sections.
Results: The prevalence of
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Benchmarking Professional Medical Education Excellence StructuresBest Practices
Continuing Medical Education (CME) programs serve to maintain, develop or enhance the skills, knowledge and professional performance & relationships that a physician uses to provide services to patients, public and the profession. However, recent compliance and transparency rules have tempered the sponsorship of some medical education programs by bio-pharmaceutical companies as well as some third-party providers of such services. Critics such as Morris and Taitsman also prefer that the medical profession eliminate commercial support for CME.
Best Practices, LLC conducted this study to inform those who lead medical education programs at large bio-pharmaceutical companies about the proper size, resourcing and structure for the medical education function. The study looks into emerging Medical Education trends at medical device and pharmaceutical organizations regarding funding and program types.
Download Full Report: http://bit.ly/2bAUm6U
1. Factors that determine career choice in Pharm.D. candidates: a focus group study
Megan Handley, Pharm.D.1, Kevin Boesen, Pharm.D.2
1College of Pharmacy, 2Chief Executive Officer Sinfonia Rx
IV. RESULTS
Key Findings
• There were 13 participants, 8 female (61.5%) and 5 male (38.5%). Six
(46.2%) hope to work in the retail setting after graduation, and 5
(38.5%) wish to work in an institutional setting.
• Ten participants (76.8%) agree that they would consider working for
their current employer after graduation from pharmacy school. The
majority of participants changed their mind throughout their education
in regards to their future career choice.
• Rotations, professors, employers, and family seem to be the most
common factors that helped determine career choice in participants.
• All participants agreed that clinical pharmacy and residency are
promoted career paths at University of Arizona.
• Almost all employed participants would work for their current employer
after graduation.
• Managed care and industry were two commonly mentioned career paths
that students wanted more exposure to during education.
• Most participants did not think GPA should be a factor in the hiring
process for pharmacists.
VII. DISCLOSURE
The authors of this presentation have the following to disclose concerning
possible financial or personal relationships with commercial entities that
may have a direct or indirect interest in the subject matter of this
presentation:
Megan Handley, Kevin Boesen: Nothing to disclose.
V. LIMITATIONS
• Small sample size and only two focus groups conducted limiting the power of the
study.
• Not optimal study design to draw conclusions
• Low generalizability since only University of Arizona College of Pharmacy
students were invited to participate.
• Possible bias due to the nature of primary investigator’s employer and experience
in retail.
• Focus group design may affect the opinions of participants.
VI. CONCLUSIONS
• Student experiences during pharmacy school largely seem to influence
career choice of Pharm.D. candidates. These influencing experiences
include: employment, professors’ opinions, and rotations.
• Salary greatly influences career choice, especially in the aspect of
residencies. Many students expressed that they did not complete a
residency due to the pay cut it necessitates.
• The pharmacy program at the University of Arizona strongly
emphasizes residencies and clinical pharmacist positions. This is likely
different depending on the pharmacy program.
• Further study needs to be conducted to determine which career choices
are more common at various pharmacy programs and why. Once these
information is available, students can decide which pharmacy program
caters best to their career goals.
II. PURPOSE AND SPECIFIC AIMS
• The purpose of this study was to describe through focus groups which factors
influence career practice setting in Pharm.D. candidates. In addition, the study
described factors that make a certain pharmacist employer more appealing than
others.
• The working hypothesis is that Pharm.D. candidates are more inclined to choose
careers in a clinical setting due to larger clinical responsibilities, professors opinions
and experience, and salary. It is also hypothesized that employment history, salary,
clinical responsibilities, and schedule will be factors that influence a student’s choice
of employer within the same practice setting.
I. ABSTRACT
Objective
The objective of the study is to describe which factors influence career choice in
Pharm.D. candidates, and determine what makes a potential employer attractive
to graduating students.
Methods
A descriptive focus group study was conducted to describe opinions of
Pharm.D. candidates regarding factors that determine career choice. Subjects
were recruited via email. All participants were required to have a scheduled
graduation date in 2015 or 2016. Demographic data was collected anonymously.
Focus group conversations were recorded.
Results
There were 13 participants, 8 female (61.5%) and 5 male (38.5%). Six (46.2%)
hope to work in the retail setting after graduation, and 5 (38.5%) wish to work
in an institutional setting. Four participants (30.1%) plan to complete a PGY1
residency after graduation. Ten participants (76.8%) agree that they would
consider working for their current employer after graduation from pharmacy
school. The majority of participants changed their mind throughout their
education in regards to their future career choice. Rotations, professors,
employers, and family seem to be the most common factors that helped
determine career choice in participants. All participants agreed that clinical
pharmacy and residency are promoted career paths at University of Arizona.
Conclusions
The pharmacy students at the University of Arizona College of Pharmacy
believe the clinical pharmacy career path is is strongly promoted during their
education over other career options. Rotations, professors, family, and
employers during pharmacy school appear to be determining factors in career
choice for Pharm.D. candidates based on the results of the focus group study.
Many students pursue a career with the same employer they had during their
education. Based on the results of this study, it is evident that experiences
during pharmacy school, including choice of pharmacy school, likely affect
career choice in Pharm.D. candidates.
III. METHODS
• Design: This study was a descriptive, qualitative, prospective focus group study of
the opinions of current Pharm.D. candidates in regards to factors that determine
career choice in future pharmacists.
• The study was approved by the University of Arizona Institutional Review Board.
• Subjects: To be eligible for this study, participants had to be a current Pharm.D.
candidate at the University of Arizona College of Pharmacy in at least their third
year of the Pharm.D. curriculum (2 years completed). To recruit subjects, an email
was sent to the University of Arizona Class of 2015 ad 2016 listservs informing
potential participants of the upcoming focus group study.
• There were two focus groups conducted, one with 7 participants and the other with 6
participants.
• Data was collected by first distributing the demographic data collection form at the
beginning of each focus group. Then, the focus group was conducted using the focus
group interview guide to lead the conversation. Data collection was completed via
the focus group data extraction form. The sessions were recorded upon consent of all
participants and stored at the practice site.
IV. RESULTS
Baseline Characteristics
Average age
25.1 years (SD=1.38)
Year in pharmacy school
3RD year: 5 (38.5%)
4TH year: 8 (61.5%)
Sex
8 FEMALES (61.5%)
5 MALES (38.5%)
Preferred practice setting
after graduation
Community/Retail: 6 (46.2%)
Institutional/Hospital (no residency): 1
(7.7%)
Institutional/Hospital (residency required,
clinical position): 4 (30.8%)
Other: 2 (15.4%) Ambulatory care, MTM
Employment status
Unemployed: 3 (23.1%)
Paid Intern: 10 (76.9%)
Current employer
Albertsons, Target, Walgreens (2),
Medication Management Center (2),
Banner University Medical Center, Tucson
Medical Center, University of Arizona
College of Pharmacy
Average time with current
employer
2.94 years (SD=0.88)
Plan to complete PGY1
residency after graduation
Strongly agree: 4 (30.8%)
Disagree strongly: 3 (23.1%)
Not applicable: 6 (46.2%)
Plan to complete PGY2
residency after graduation
Strongly agree: 3 (23.1%)
Agree: 1 (7.7%)
Disagree strongly: 2 (15.4%)
Not applicable: 7 (53.8%)
Would consider working for
current employer
Strongly agree: 5 (38.5%)
Agree: 5 (38.5%)
Not applicable: 3 (23.1%)
Changed career choice since
first year of pharmacy school
Strongly agree: 1 (7.7%)
Agree: 4 (30.8%)
Somewhat agree: 2 (15.4%)
Somewhat disagree: 1 (7.7%)
Disagree: 2 (15.4%)
Disagree strongly: 3 (23.1%)
School, professors, and
colleagues have had an effect
on preference in practice
setting
Strongly agree: 4 (30.8%)
Agree: 3 (23.1%)
Somewhat agree: 1 (7.7%)
Disagree: 3 (23.1%)
Disagree strongly: 2 (15.4%)
Interview Responses
When did you start thinking
about what type of
pharmacy career you
wanted to have? What
factors swayed your
opinion?
Salary, rotations, patient interaction,
employment during pharmacy school,
hours.
What/who helped you
determine your future
career choice?
Rotations, pharmacists, mentors,
professors, work, family
If you are currently
employed in a pharmacy,
would you consider working
for your current employer
as a pharmacist?
Most would consider working for their
current employer.
Does it affect your career
choice if a potential
employer sells tobacco
products? Why or why not?
Most participants (9) said the sale of
tobacco products would not affect
their career choice.
Do you think a certain
career path has been
endorsed more than others
during your education? If
yes, which career path?
All participants thought hospital
pharmacy and/or residency are
promoted at the University of Arizona
College of Pharmacy.
Do you think you are
adequately exposed to all
career options during your
education? Which career
path would you like more
exposure to during your
education, rotations, etc.?
Most participants think they are
adequately exposed to all career
options. Managed care and industry
were two areas multiple participants
mentioned wanting more exposure to.
Do you think residencies
are promoted during your
education? What makes
residencies appealing and
unappealing?
All participants thought residencies
were highly promoted at the
University of Arizona. The appealing
aspects mentioned included: prestige,
specializing, education, and training.
Unappealing aspects mentioned
included: pay cut and long hours.
Do you think GPA should be
a factor in the hiring
process of pharmacists?
Most participants did not think GPA
should be a factor in the hiring
process for pharmacists.