The document contains a confidential database system exam with two sections - objective questions and structured questions. The objective questions section contains 40 multiple choice questions testing various database concepts like the three schema architecture, entity-relationship modeling, relational algebra, SQL, normalization, and transactions. The structured questions section contains two essay questions, with the first asking about database architecture, properties, relationships and creating tables from given schemas. The second asks about database transaction properties, data definition language statements, normalization forms, and generating output from SQL statements on a sample table.

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SECTION A
OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS (50 marks)
INSTRUCTION:
This section consists of FORTY (40) objective questions. Answer ALL questions in the
answer booklet.
1. “A software system that enable user to define, create and maintain the database”.
This statement describes [CLO 1]
A. Oracle 10g
B. Microsoft Office Access 2007
C. Database Management System
D. Data warehouse
2. The function of a database is to ____________. [CLO 1]
A. collect and organize input data
B. check all input data
C. check all spelling
D. output data
3. Choose the software that is commonly used in database. [CLO 1]
A. Oracle
B. SQL Access
C. SQL desktop
D. Linux
4. Internal Schema is one of the three-schema architecture. Which one is true about
Internal Schema? [CLO 1]
A. It hides the details of physical storage structures and concentrates on
describing entities, data types, relationships, user operations, and constraints.
B. Uses a physical data model and describes the complete details of data storage
and access paths for the database.

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C. Implementation of data model
D. The part of the database that a particular user is interested in and hides the rest
of the database from user
5. A _____________ is the set of allowable values for one or more attributes.
[CLO 1]
A.Cardinality
B.Tuple
C.Degree
D.Domain
6. Within a table, the primary key must be unique so that it will identify each row. When
this is the case, the table is said to exhibit ________ integrity.
[CLO 1]
A. Referential
B. Entity
C. Enforced
D. Key
7. The data type of values that appear in each column is represented by
_________________ of possible values. [CLO 1]
A. Range
B. Product
C. Domain
D. Function

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8. Based on Figure 1, identify which one is the Candidate Key?
Figure 1 [CLO 1]
A. W
B. X
C. Y
D. Z
9. All companies operate four departments in their organization. This relationship
represents a _______________. [CLO 1]
A. one-to-one relationship.
B. one-to-many relationship.
C. many-to-one relationship.
D. many-to-many relationship.
10. __________________works on a single relation R and defines a relation that
constrains only those tuples (rows) of R that satisfy the specified condition
(predicate). [CLO 1]
A. Cartesian product
B. Difference
C. Selection
D. Intersection

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11. _________________ works on a single relation R and defines a relation that contains
a vertical subset of R, extracting the values of specified attributes and eliminating
duplicates. [CLO 1]
A. Projection
B. Cartesian Product
C. Difference
D. Intersection
12. The ______________set operator combines all tuples from two relations excluding
duplicates. [CLO 1]
A. Union
B. Intersect
C. Difference
D. Divide
13. The ___________ operator returns all tuples in one relation that are not found in other
relation. [CLO 1]
A. Intersect
B. Product
C. Select
D. Difference
14. What is meant by the term union compatibility? [CLO 1]
A. When two or more tables share the same number of columns
B. When two or more tables have the same degree
C. When two or more tables share the same domains
D. When two or more tables share the same number of columns and when they share
the same domain

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15. What is meant by the following relational algebra statement?
STUDENT x COURSE [CLO 1]
A. Compute the natural join between the STUDENT and COURSE relations.
B. Compute the left outer join between the STUDENT and COURSE relations.
C. Compute the Cross Product between the STUDENT and COURSE relations.
D. Compute the outer join between the STUDENT and COURSE relations.
Question 16,17 and 18 are based on Figure 2 :
Figure 2
16. A relational algebra operator applied to tables of EMPLOYEES and DEPARTMENT
produces the following result as in Table 1
Table 1
The operator is: [CLO 3]
A. An outer join operator
B. The project operator
C. The cross product operator
D. The natural join operator

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17. A relational algebra operator applied to tables of EMPLOYEES and DEPARTMENT
produces the following result as in Table 2
Table 2
The operator is: [CLO 3]
A. An outer join operator
B. The project operator
C. The cross product operator
D. The natural join operator
18. A relational algebra operator applied to tables of EMPLOYEES and DEPARTMENT
produces the following result as in Table 3
Table 3
The operator is: [CLO 3]
A. An outer join operator
B. The project operator
C. The cross product operator
D. The natural join operator
19. Which clause would you use in a SELECT statement to limit the display to those
employees whose salary is greater than 5000? [CLO 3]
A. WHERE SALARY > 5000
B. HAVING SALARY > 5000

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C. ORDER BY SALARY > 5000
D. GROUP BY SALARY > 5000
20.
You use this SQL statement to retrieve data from a table for ______________.
[CLO 1]
A. Viewing
B. Deleting
C. Inserting
D. Updating
21. Which are Data Manipulation Language (DML) statements?
i. SELECT
ii. ALTER
iii. DROP
iv. DELETE
[CLO 1]
A. i, iv
B. ii, iii
C. i, ii, iii
D. ii, iii, iv
22. What happens if the WHERE clause is omitted from a DELETE statement?
[CLO 1]
A. All records from the table are deleted
B. No record from the table will be deleted
C. First record of the table will be deleted
D. The statement will not be executed and will give a syntax error
SELECT *
FROM orders;

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23. You need to produce a report for mailing labels for all customers. The mailing label
must have only the customer name and address. The CUSTOMERS table has these
columns:
CUST_ID NUMBER(4) NOT NULL
CUST_NAME VARCHAR2(100) NOT NULL
CUST_ADDRESS VARCHAR2(150)
CUST_PHONE VARCHAR2(20)
Which SELECT statement accomplishes this task? [CLO3]
A. SELECT *FROM CUSTOMERS;
B. SELECT CUST_NAME, CUST_ADDRESS, CUST_PHONE
FROM CUSTOMERS;
C. SELECT CUST_ID,CUST_NAME,CUST_ADDRESS, CUST_PHONE
FROM CUSTOMERS;
D. SELECT CUST_NAME, CUST_ADDRESS
FROM CUSTOMERS;
24. Which INSERT statement is correct to insert a new row into table of employees?
A. INSERT INTO employees (employee_id) VALUES (1000);
B. INSERT INTO employees VALUES (NULL, ‘John’,
‘Smith’);
C. INSERT INTO employees (first_name, last_name) VALUES
(‘John’, ‘Smith’);
D. INSERT INTO employees (first_name, last_name,
employee_id) VALUES (100, ‘John’, ‘Smith’);

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25. How to select all the records from a table named ‘Persons’ where the value of the
column “FirstName” starts with an “a” using SQL statement? [CLO 3]
A. SELECT * FROM Persons WHERE FirstName LIKE ‘%a’;
B. SELECT * FROM Persons WHERE FirstName= ‘a’;
C. SELECT * FROM Persons WHERE FirstName LIKE ‘a%’;
D. SELECT * FROM Persons WHERE FirstName LIKE ‘%a%’;
26. In UPDATE statement, choose the correct answer to update firstname = Mary to
firstname = Marry from a table named "staff". [CLO 3]
A. UPDATE RECORD staff SET FName = 'Marry' WHERE LName = 'Mary';
B. UPDATE staff SET FName = 'Marry' WHERE LName = 'Mary';
C. UPDATE staff SET INTO FName = 'Marry' WHERE LName = 'Mary';
D. UPDATE RECORD staff SET INTO FName = 'Marry' WHERE LName = 'Mary';
27. A goal of normalization is to minimize _____________. [CLO 1]
A. the number of relationships
B. the number of entities
C. the number of tables
D. data redundancy
28. A table that satisfies 2NF ___________________. [CLO 1]
A. always satisfies 1NF
B. may violate 1NF
C. always satisfies 3NF
D. always satisfies BCNF
29. On an entity-relationship diagram, a diamond represents a ___________.

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[CLO 1]
A. multivalued attribute
B. data flow
C. entity
D. relationship
30. A person, place, object, event, or concept in the user environment about which the
organization wishes to maintain data refers to a(n): ___________________ .
[CLO 1]
A. Cardinality
B. Attribute
C. Relationship
D. Entity
31. When applying the optional 1-M relationship rule for converting an ERD into a
relational table design, which of the following statements is true? [CLO1]
A. Each 1-M relationship with 0 for the minimum cardinality on the parent side
becomes a new table.
B. The primary key of the new table is the primary key of the entity type on the child
(many) side of the relationship.
C. The new table contains foreign keys for the primary keys of both entity types
participating in the relationship.
D. Both foreign keys in the new table do not permit null values.
32. What type of relationship is expressed with the phrase "Student takes Class"?
[CLO 1]
A. 1 : M
B. M : 1
C. 1 : 1
D.M : N
33. When applying the M-N relationship rule for converting an ERD into a relational
table design, which of the following statements is true?

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i. Each M-N relationship becomes a separate table
ii. The foreign keys must not allow null values.
iii. The primary key of the table is a combined key consisting of the
primary keys of the entity types participating in the M-N relationship.
iv. The primary key of the table is the primary key of the entity type
participating in the M-N relationship which has the most attributes.
[CLO 1]
A. i,ii
B. i,iii
C. i,ii,iii
D. ii,iii,iv
34. Based on Figure 3 the BOOKS and MEMBER entities are related to each other. The
relationship on the MEMBER side indicates that:
Figure 3
[CLO 1]
A. A BOOKS may be borrowed by one or more MEMBER.
B. A MEMBER may borrow one BOOKS.
C. A BOOKS may be borrowed by zero or one MEMBER only.
D. A MEMBER may borrow zero or more BOOKS.

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35. Choose the correct Entity Relationship Model diagram based on the situation given.
“Each INSTRUCTOR may teach one or more CLASS”
“Each CLASS is taught by one INSTRUCTOR”
[CLO 1]
A.
B.
C. .
D.
36. ______________ refers to the requirement that other operations cannot access data that has
been modified during a transaction that has not yet been completed.
[CLO 2]
A. Consistent
B. Isolated
C. Durable
D. Atomic
C INSTRUCTOR CLASS
teach
1 1
((0, N) (1,1)
C INSTRUCTOR CLASS
teach
(1,N) (1,1)
1 M
C INSTRUCTOR CLASS
teach
(0,1) (1,1)
1 1
C INSTRUCTOR CLASS
teach
(0,N) (1,1)
1 M

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37. _____________is the ability of the DBMS to recover the committed transaction updates
against any kind of system failure. [CLO 2]
A. Consistent
B. Isolated
C. Durable
D. Atomic
38. Deadlocks are possible only when one of the transactions wants to obtain a (n)
_________________ lock on a data item. [CLO 2]
A. Binary
B. Exclusive
C. Shared
D. Complete
39. Which of the following term below refers to the statement stated below?
[CLO 2]
A. Consistent
B. Durable
C. Atomic
D. Isolated
 All of the tasks of a database transaction must be completed
 If incomplete due to any possible reasons, the database transaction
must be aborted.

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40. If locking is not available and several users access a database concurrently, problems
may occur if their transactions use the same data at the same time. Concurrency
problems include
i. Lost or buried updates.
ii. Uncommitted dependency
iii. Inconsistent analysis
iv. Transaction Log
[CLO 2]
A. i
B. ii,iii
C. i,ii,iii
D. i,iii,iv

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SECTION B
STRUCTURED QUESTIONS (50 marks)
INSTRUCTION:
This section consists of TWO (2) structured questions. Answer ALL questions.
QUESTION 1
a) ANSI-SPARC Architecture, is an abstract design standard for a Database
Management System (DBMS), first proposed in 1975. Given ANSI-
SPARC architecture in Figure 1.1, explain each level.
Figure 1.1
[CLO 1]
(3 marks)
b) Database is a collection of persistent data that can be shared and
interrelated.
i. Explain TWO (2) properties of database.
ii. Explain TWO (2) features of Database Management System.
[CLO 1]
(4 marks)
[CLO 1]
(2 marks)
c) Illustrate THREE (3) most common relationships in E-R models. [CLO 1]
(3 marks)

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STUDENT
STU_NUM STU_LNAME
321452 Bowser
324257 Smithson
ENROLL
CLASS_CODE STU_NUM ENROLL_GRADE
10014 321452 C
10014 324257 B
10018 321452 A
10018 324257 B
10021 321452 C
10021 324257 C
CLASS
CLASS_CODE CRS_CODE CLASS_SECTION CLASS_TIME CLASS_ROOM PROF_NUM
10014 ACCT-211 3 THUR, 2:30- 3.45PM BUS252 342
10018 CIT-220 2 MON, 9:00- 9:50PM KLR211 114
10021 QM-261 1 WED, 8:00- 8:50AM KLR200 114
d) Study the tables STUDENT, ENROLL and CLASS in Figure 1.2:
Figure 1.2
i. Determine primary key for each table
ii. Determine foreign keys for these tables
iii. Write suitable command to create a new table consisting of
class code, student number, class room and class time
[CLO 3]
(2 marks)
[CLO 3]
(2 marks)
[CLO3]
(4 marks)

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e) Draw the ER Diagram for relational schemes in Figure 1.3:
PRODUCT ( product_code, product_name, price, brand)
BUYS ( recipt_no, product_code, quantity, discount, sub_total)
RECIPT ( receipt_no, date, customer_no)
CUSTOMER ( customer_no, name, address, phone_no)
Figure 1.3
[CLO 3]
(5 marks)
QUESTION 2
a) i) Explain TWO (2) properties of database transaction.
ii) Explain TWO (2) types of recovery tools.
[CLO 1]
(4 marks)
[CLO 2]
(2 marks)
b) Identify THREE (3) DDL statements in SQL and the function of each
statement.
[CLO 1]
(3 marks)
c) Describe the terms below:
i. Normalization
ii. Second Normal Form (2NF)
iii. Third Normal Form (3NF)
[CLO 1]
(3 marks)

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d) Generate the output for the following SQL statements based on
Table 2.1.
Table 2.1
i. SELECT vehicleID, platNo, yearProduce, model
FROM vehicle
WHERE yearProduce >= 2000
ORDER BY yearProduce asc
ii. SELECT vehicleID, platNo, model
FROM vehicle
WHERE model LIKE “Perodua%”
iii. SELECT vehicleID, platNo, yearProduce
FROM vehicle
WHERE price < 20000
iv. SELECT SUM(price)
FROM vehicle
[CLO 3]
(2 marks)
(2 marks)
(2 marks)
(2 marks)

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e) Table 2.2 shows a list of patient appointments with the doctor. Each
patient is given the time and date of appointment with doctors in a particular
room. Show the steps on how you make the process of normalization stage 1NF,
2NF and 3NF.
Appointment
[CLO 3]
(5 marks)
Table 2.2
NoBilik
Tarikh Masa
AT020123 Kamal 1/12/2002 10.00 S15
AT00111 Jamaliah 1/12/2002 12.00 S15
CT00456 Sudin 1/12/2002 10.00 S10
CT00456 Sudin 14/1/2002 14.00 S10
AT00111 Jamaliah 14/1/2002 16.30 S15
AT00103 Abu 15/1/2002 18.00 S13
NamaPesakit
Temujanji
8765 Shamsul
8602 Maizul
8111 Aziz
Staff# Nama_Doktor Pesakit#