Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a chronic inflammatory lung disease that causes obstructed airflow from the lungs. Symptoms include breathing difficulty, cough, mucus (sputum) production and wheezing.15/04/2020
1. COPD &
Pharmacotherapy
Presented By: Dr. Babita
Assistant Professor
Department of Pharmacology
School of Allied Health Science
Sharda University, Greater Noida 1
2. COPD
•Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease has
been defined by The Global Initiative for
Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease as
“a preventable and treatable disease with
some significant extrapulmonary effects that
may contribute to the severity in individual
patients.”
3. COPD
• Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a
progressive inflammatory disease involving the airways,
alveoli and pulmonary vasculature, eventually leading to
irreversible airflow limitation and loss of elastic recoil.
• The disease causes a gradual decline in expiratory flow,
resulting in increased end-expiratory volume and dynamic
hyperinflation.
4. COPD
• COPD is an umbrella term used when
you have one or more of these
conditions.
• chronic bronchitis
• emphysema.
5. COPD SYMPTOMS
• cough
• Sputum (mucus)
• Shortness of breath,
• Wheezing
• Tightness in your chest
• Frequent cold or flu
• Blue fingernails
• Low energy
• Losing weight (in later stages)
6. COPD
Chronic Bronchitis
• Chronic bronchitis is a disease of the airways and is defined as the presence
of cough and sputum production for at least 3 months in each of 2 consecutive
years.
• Chronic bronchitis is also termed as “blue bloaters”.
• Pollutants or allergens irritate the airways and leads to the production of sputum
by the mucus-secreting glands and goblet cells.
• A wide range of viral, bacterial, and mycoplasmal infections can produce acute
episodes of bronchitis.
7. COPD
Emphysema
• Pulmonary Emphysema is a pathologic term that describes an abnormal distention
of airspaces beyond the terminal bronchial and destruction of the walls of the
alveoli.
• People with emphysema are also called “pink puffers”.
• There is impaired carbon dioxide and oxygen exchange, and the exchange results
from the destruction of the walls of overdistended alveoli.
9. COPD
• Forced expiratory volume (FEV) measures how much air a person can exhale
during a forced breath.
• The amount of air exhaled first second-(FEV1)
• Forced vital capacity (FVC) is the total amount of air exhaled during the FEV
test.
• Forced expiratory volume and forced vital capacity are lung function tests that are
measured during spirometry. Forced expiratory volume is the most important
measurement of lung function.
• Diagnose obstructive lung diseases such as asthma and chronic obstructive
pulmonary disease (COPD). A person who has asthma or COPD has a lower
FEV1 result than a healthy person.
10. CAUSES OF COPD
Causes of COPD includes environmental factors and host factors.
• Smoking- active and passive smoking
• Occupational exposure. Prolonged and intense exposure to occupational dust and
chemicals, indoor air pollution, and outdoor air pollution all contribute to the
development of COPD.
• Genetic abnormalities. deficiency of alpha1- antitrypsin, an enzyme inhibitor that
protects the lung parenchyma from injury.
