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El documento describe el proceso de construcción con adobes, incluyendo la selección de la tierra, la fabricación del barro y los adobes, y los pasos de la construcción. Explica que los adobes deben tener dimensiones adecuadas y ser colocados en hiladas horizontales con uniones de barro. También recomienda el uso de cimientos, collarines y contrafuertes para reforzar la estructura.
El adobe es un material de construcción hecho de barro y paja que se ha usado desde tiempos antiguos. Se usó en las primeras ciudades como Çatalhöyük y en el antiguo Egipto, y aún se usa en parte de América del Sur y Centroamérica. Se fabrica mezclando barro, arena y paja, y se deja secar al sol para formar ladrillos resistentes. Aunque el adobe provee aislamiento térmico, no se considera un material apropiado para construcciones en zonas sísmicas.
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El documento describe el proceso de construcción con adobes, incluyendo la selección de la tierra, la fabricación del barro y los adobes, y los pasos de la construcción. Explica que los adobes deben tener dimensiones adecuadas y ser colocados en hiladas horizontales con uniones de barro. También recomienda el uso de cimientos, collarines y contrafuertes para reforzar la estructura.
El adobe es un material de construcción hecho de barro y paja que se ha usado desde tiempos antiguos. Se usó en las primeras ciudades como Çatalhöyük y en el antiguo Egipto, y aún se usa en parte de América del Sur y Centroamérica. Se fabrica mezclando barro, arena y paja, y se deja secar al sol para formar ladrillos resistentes. Aunque el adobe provee aislamiento térmico, no se considera un material apropiado para construcciones en zonas sísmicas.
El documento describe las características y especificaciones de construcción con adobe. Define adobe simple y estabilizado, sus componentes, dimensiones, y limitaciones de acuerdo a la zona sísmica. Explica requerimientos para cimientos, arriostres, muros, vanos y techos para garantizar la estabilidad estructural.
Este documento presenta la Norma Técnica de Edificación E.080 Adobe. Establece los requisitos para el diseño y construcción segura de edificios de adobe. Describe las propiedades del adobe, el comportamiento sísmico de las construcciones de adobe, y proporciona recomendaciones sobre cimentaciones, muros, elementos de arriostre, morteros y diseño de muros para resistir sismos. El objetivo es mejorar el sistema constructivo tradicional con adobe para crear viviendas de bajo costo que sean seguras durante
Este documento describe los procedimientos para construir una vivienda sismorresistente utilizando adobe como material de construcción. Explica la importancia de verificar la zona sísmica, dimensionar adecuadamente la edificación, preparar el adobe siguiendo las especificaciones de forma, tamaño y proporción de materiales. También cubre aspectos como el proceso constructivo, incluyendo cimientos, muros y techo, así como el uso de refuerzos para mejorar la resistencia sísmica. El objetivo es proveer lineamientos técnicos para la
El documento describe los conceptos básicos de los flujos en canales abiertos y vertederos hidráulicos. Explica que los canales abiertos transportan agua de forma natural o artificial y pueden tener secciones rectangulares, trapezoidales o triangulares. También define los vertederos como estructuras que controlan el flujo a través de descargas de agua y los clasifica según su forma, material y función. Finalmente, presenta las ecuaciones fundamentales como la ecuación de Bernoulli que rigen el comportamiento del flujo en estos sistemas hidr
El reporte describe la primera visita de obra de un edificio de oficinas de 4 niveles en construcción en Villahermosa, Tabasco. Durante la visita, se observó el corte de varillas y colocación de castillos en la fachada, así como la construcción de la cimbra para recibir el concreto de una trabe. Se detalla el proceso de construcción de la cimbra, incluyendo el uso de puntales, largueros, vigas madrinas y áreas de contacto.
Este documento describe una obra vial de mejoramiento y rehabilitación de caminos vecinales en el distrito de Margos, provincia de Huánuco. La obra consiste en la rehabilitación de 52 km de vías a través de la colocación de una capa de afirmado. También incluye la construcción de obras de arte como alcantarillas, badenes y un puente para permitir el flujo de agua. El objetivo es mejorar las condiciones de las vías para los residentes de la zona agrícola.
El documento describe la técnica constructiva del adobe, un material de construcción hecho de barro. Explica que el adobe se hace mezclando barro con arena y agua y secándolo al sol. Ofrece ventajas como bajo costo, aislamiento térmico y reciclabilidad. También presenta desventajas como fragilidad ante desastres. Luego, detalla mejoras como el uso de refuerzos metálicos y la técnica del superadobe desarrollada por Nader Khalili, que utiliza bolsas de polipropileno y al
Apresentação desenvolvida para a disciplina Arquitetura no Brasil.
Tema: Técnicas construtivas - Adobe
Faculdade de Arquitetura e Urbanismo
PUC - Campinas 2011
Arquitetura no Brasil
Docentes:
Prof. Dra. Ivone Salgado / Prof. Dra. Renata Baesso
Diego de Almeida Pereira
Felipe dos Santos Neres
Malu Costa Magalhães
Mariana TealdiSant’anna
Paula AleksaBianchi
Vinicius Galvani Pellegrino
How to Make Awesome SlideShares: Tips & TricksSlideShare
Turbocharge your online presence with SlideShare. We provide the best tips and tricks for succeeding on SlideShare. Get ideas for what to upload, tips for designing your deck and more.
SlideShare is a global platform for sharing presentations, infographics, videos and documents. It has over 18 million pieces of professional content uploaded by experts like Eric Schmidt and Guy Kawasaki. The document provides tips for setting up an account on SlideShare, uploading content, optimizing it for searchability, and sharing it on social media to build an audience and reputation as a subject matter expert.
Optimizing Post Remediation Groundwater Performance with Enhanced Microbiolog...Joshua Orris
Results of geophysics and pneumatic injection pilot tests during 2003 – 2007 yielded significant positive results for injection delivery design and contaminant mass treatment, resulting in permanent shut-down of an existing groundwater Pump & Treat system.
Accessible source areas were subsequently removed (2011) by soil excavation and treated with the placement of Emulsified Vegetable Oil EVO and zero-valent iron ZVI to accelerate treatment of impacted groundwater in overburden and weathered fractured bedrock. Post pilot test and post remediation groundwater monitoring has included analyses of CVOCs, organic fatty acids, dissolved gases and QuantArray® -Chlor to quantify key microorganisms (e.g., Dehalococcoides, Dehalobacter, etc.) and functional genes (e.g., vinyl chloride reductase, methane monooxygenase, etc.) to assess potential for reductive dechlorination and aerobic cometabolism of CVOCs.
In 2022, the first commercial application of MetaArray™ was performed at the site. MetaArray™ utilizes statistical analysis, such as principal component analysis and multivariate analysis to provide evidence that reductive dechlorination is active or even that it is slowing. This creates actionable data allowing users to save money by making important site management decisions earlier.
The results of the MetaArray™ analysis’ support vector machine (SVM) identified groundwater monitoring wells with a 80% confidence that were characterized as either Limited for Reductive Decholorination or had a High Reductive Reduction Dechlorination potential. The results of MetaArray™ will be used to further optimize the site’s post remediation monitoring program for monitored natural attenuation.
Presented by The Global Peatlands Assessment: Mapping, Policy, and Action at GLF Peatlands 2024 - The Global Peatlands Assessment: Mapping, Policy, and Action
Epcon is One of the World's leading Manufacturing Companies.EpconLP
Epcon is One of the World's leading Manufacturing Companies. With over 4000 installations worldwide, EPCON has been pioneering new techniques since 1977 that have become industry standards now. Founded in 1977, Epcon has grown from a one-man operation to a global leader in developing and manufacturing innovative air pollution control technology and industrial heating equipment.
ENVIRONMENT~ Renewable Energy Sources and their future prospects.tiwarimanvi3129
This presentation is for us to know that how our Environment need Attention for protection of our natural resources which are depleted day by day that's why we need to take time and shift our attention to renewable energy sources instead of non-renewable sources which are better and Eco-friendly for our environment. these renewable energy sources are so helpful for our planet and for every living organism which depends on environment.
Recycling and Disposal on SWM Raymond Einyu pptxRayLetai1
Increasing urbanization, rural–urban migration, rising standards of living, and rapid development associated with population growth have resulted in increased solid waste generation by industrial, domestic and other activities in Nairobi City. It has been noted in other contexts too that increasing population, changing consumption patterns, economic development, changing income, urbanization and industrialization all contribute to the increased generation of waste.
With the increasing urban population in Kenya, which is estimated to be growing at a rate higher than that of the country’s general population, waste generation and management is already a major challenge. The industrialization and urbanization process in the country, dominated by one major city – Nairobi, which has around four times the population of the next largest urban centre (Mombasa) – has witnessed an exponential increase in the generation of solid waste. It is projected that by 2030, about 50 per cent of the Kenyan population will be urban.
Aim:
A healthy, safe, secure and sustainable solid waste management system fit for a world – class city.
Improve and protect the public health of Nairobi residents and visitors.
Ecological health, diversity and productivity and maximize resource recovery through the participatory approach.
Goals:
Build awareness and capacity for source separation as essential components of sustainable waste management.
Build new environmentally sound infrastructure and systems for safe disposal of residual waste and replacing current dumpsites which should be commissioned.
Current solid waste management situation:
The status.
Solid waste generation rate is at 2240 tones / day
collection efficiently is at about 50%.
Actors i.e. city authorities, CBO’s , private firms and self-disposal
Current SWM Situation in Nairobi City:
Solid waste generation – collection – dumping
Good Practices:
• Separation – recycling – marketing.
• Open dumpsite dandora dump site through public education on source separation of waste, of which the situation can be reversed.
• Nairobi is one of the C40 cities in this respect , various actors in the solid waste management space have adopted a variety of technologies to reduce short lived climate pollutants including source separation , recycling , marketing of the recycled products.
• Through the network, it should expect to benefit from expertise of the different actors in the network in terms of applicable technologies and practices in reducing the short-lived climate pollutants.
Good practices:
Despite the dismal collection of solid waste in Nairobi city, there are practices and activities of informal actors (CBOs, CBO-SACCOs and yard shop operators) and other formal industrial actors on solid waste collection, recycling and waste reduction.
Practices and activities of these actor groups are viewed as innovations with the potential to change the way solid waste is handled.
CHALLENGES:
• Resource Allocation.
Improving the viability of probiotics by encapsulation methods for developmen...Open Access Research Paper
The popularity of functional foods among scientists and common people has been increasing day by day. Awareness and modernization make the consumer think better regarding food and nutrition. Now a day’s individual knows very well about the relation between food consumption and disease prevalence. Humans have a diversity of microbes in the gut that together form the gut microflora. Probiotics are the health-promoting live microbial cells improve host health through gut and brain connection and fighting against harmful bacteria. Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus are the two bacterial genera which are considered to be probiotic. These good bacteria are facing challenges of viability. There are so many factors such as sensitivity to heat, pH, acidity, osmotic effect, mechanical shear, chemical components, freezing and storage time as well which affects the viability of probiotics in the dairy food matrix as well as in the gut. Multiple efforts have been done in the past and ongoing in present for these beneficial microbial population stability until their destination in the gut. One of a useful technique known as microencapsulation makes the probiotic effective in the diversified conditions and maintain these microbe’s community to the optimum level for achieving targeted benefits. Dairy products are found to be an ideal vehicle for probiotic incorporation. It has been seen that the encapsulated microbial cells show higher viability than the free cells in different processing and storage conditions as well as against bile salts in the gut. They make the food functional when incorporated, without affecting the product sensory characteristics.
Kinetic studies on malachite green dye adsorption from aqueous solutions by A...Open Access Research Paper
Water polluted by dyestuffs compounds is a global threat to health and the environment; accordingly, we prepared a green novel sorbent chemical and Physical system from an algae, chitosan and chitosan nanoparticle and impregnated with algae with chitosan nanocomposite for the sorption of Malachite green dye from water. The algae with chitosan nanocomposite by a simple method and used as a recyclable and effective adsorbent for the removal of malachite green dye from aqueous solutions. Algae, chitosan, chitosan nanoparticle and algae with chitosan nanocomposite were characterized using different physicochemical methods. The functional groups and chemical compounds found in algae, chitosan, chitosan algae, chitosan nanoparticle, and chitosan nanoparticle with algae were identified using FTIR, SEM, and TGADTA/DTG techniques. The optimal adsorption conditions, different dosages, pH and Temperature the amount of algae with chitosan nanocomposite were determined. At optimized conditions and the batch equilibrium studies more than 99% of the dye was removed. The adsorption process data matched well kinetics showed that the reaction order for dye varied with pseudo-first order and pseudo-second order. Furthermore, the maximum adsorption capacity of the algae with chitosan nanocomposite toward malachite green dye reached as high as 15.5mg/g, respectively. Finally, multiple times reusing of algae with chitosan nanocomposite and removing dye from a real wastewater has made it a promising and attractive option for further practical applications.
Microbial characterisation and identification, and potability of River Kuywa ...Open Access Research Paper
Water contamination is one of the major causes of water borne diseases worldwide. In Kenya, approximately 43% of people lack access to potable water due to human contamination. River Kuywa water is currently experiencing contamination due to human activities. Its water is widely used for domestic, agricultural, industrial and recreational purposes. This study aimed at characterizing bacteria and fungi in river Kuywa water. Water samples were randomly collected from four sites of the river: site A (Matisi), site B (Ngwelo), site C (Nzoia water pump) and site D (Chalicha), during the dry season (January-March 2018) and wet season (April-July 2018) and were transported to Maseno University Microbiology and plant pathology laboratory for analysis. The characterization and identification of bacteria and fungi were carried out using standard microbiological techniques. Nine bacterial genera and three fungi were identified from Kuywa river water. Clostridium spp., Staphylococcus spp., Enterobacter spp., Streptococcus spp., E. coli, Klebsiella spp., Shigella spp., Proteus spp. and Salmonella spp. Fungi were Fusarium oxysporum, Aspergillus flavus complex and Penicillium species. Wet season recorded highest bacterial and fungal counts (6.61-7.66 and 3.83-6.75cfu/ml) respectively. The results indicated that the river Kuywa water is polluted and therefore unsafe for human consumption before treatment. It is therefore recommended that the communities to ensure that they boil water especially for drinking.
Climate Change All over the World .pptxsairaanwer024
Climate change refers to significant and lasting changes in the average weather patterns over periods ranging from decades to millions of years. It encompasses both global warming driven by human emissions of greenhouse gases and the resulting large-scale shifts in weather patterns. While climate change is a natural phenomenon, human activities, particularly since the Industrial Revolution, have accelerated its pace and intensity
Evolving Lifecycles with High Resolution Site Characterization (HRSC) and 3-D...Joshua Orris
The incorporation of a 3DCSM and completion of HRSC provided a tool for enhanced, data-driven, decisions to support a change in remediation closure strategies. Currently, an approved pilot study has been obtained to shut-down the remediation systems (ISCO, P&T) and conduct a hydraulic study under non-pumping conditions. A separate micro-biological bench scale treatability study was competed that yielded positive results for an emerging innovative technology. As a result, a field pilot study has commenced with results expected in nine-twelve months. With the results of the hydraulic study, field pilot studies and an updated risk assessment leading site monitoring optimization cost lifecycle savings upwards of $15MM towards an alternatively evolved best available technology remediation closure strategy.