Anatomy

2. Female Genital Organs

3. Parts of female genitalia
Female external genitalia (vulva/pudendum):
• Mons pubis
• Labia majora
• Labia minora
• Clitoris
• Vestibule
• Bulbs of vestibule
• Greater vestibular glands

4. Female external genitalia

5. Parts of female genitalia (contd.)
Female internal genitalia:
• Ovaries
• Uterine tube
• Uterus
• Vagina

6. Female internal genitalia

7. Ovaries (right and left) are pair of female
reproductive glands, lies in the ovarian fossa
on lateral pelvic wall below the pelvic brim.
These are the mixed glands having both
endocrine and exocrine parts.
Endocrine- Hormones (Oestrogen & progesterone)
Exocrine- Ovum
Ovary

8. Ovarian fossa
Above: External iliac vessels
Behind: Internal iliac vessels
and ureter
Floor: Parietal peritoneum
Ovarian fossa
Front

9. Uterine tube
Uterine tube is about 10 cm long
It has following parts
• Infundibulum with fimbria- 1 cm
• Ampulla- 5 cm
• Isthmus- 3 cm
• Intrauterine/Intramural part- 1 cm
Lining epithelium is ciliated columnar
with some secretory peg cells

10. Uterine tube

11. Uterus
Uterus is divided into
• Fundus- above an imaginary line between
two entry points of uterine tubes
• Body- from that line up to a constriction
called isthmus (corresponds internally
by internal os of cervical canal)
• Cervix- below isthmus and cervix has
supravaginal and vaginal parts

12. Uterus
• Total length- 7.5 cm or 3 inches
• Maximum breadth (at the fundus)-
5 cm or 2 inches
• Thickness- 2.5 cm or 1 inches

13. Uterus changes with age

14. Lining epithelium of the uterus
Body of the uterus
• Before puberty: Ciliated columnar epithelium
• After puberty: Columnar epithelium
Cervix of the uterus
• Supravaginal part: Columnar epithelium
(like body)
• Vaginal part: Non-keratinised stratified
squamous epithelium
(like vagina)

15. Support of the uterus
Mainly by Anteversion and Anteflexion positions

16. Support of the uterus

17. Visceral relation
From before backwards:
• Retropubic pad of fat
• Urinary bladder
• Vesicouterine pouch
• Uterus, Uterine tube, ovary
• Rectouterine pouch
• Rectum
Front

18. Visceral relation
Rectouterine pouch
of Douglas

19. The pouch of Douglas

20. • It is a common site for the spread of pathology
such as ascites, tumour, endometriosis, pus etc.
• It is a site where infection and fluids typically
collect as it is the most depended part.
• It is used for peritoneal dialysis in renal failure.
The tip of the dialysis catheter is placed into the
deepest point of the pouch.
The pouch of Douglas

21. Ectopic implantation

22. Wall of the uterus
Endometrium
Myometrium
Perimetrium

23. During menstrual cycle..
Endometrium has three layers
(from inside to outside)
• Compact layer
• Spongy layer
• Basal layer
Functional layers
During menstruation, functional layers are
shedding off and out from uterine lumen
with menstrual blood

24. During menstrual cycle..

25. Artery supply & venous drainage

26. Why is uterine artery tortuous?
Because
• tortuosity prevents rupture of
uterine artery by distended
gravid (pregnant) uterus
• tortuosity gives more room for
blood accommodation
Artery supply

27. Gravid uterus

28. Gastrulation

29. Development of female genitalia

30. Development of female genitalia

31. Development of female genitalia

32. Development of female genitalia

33. Development of female genitalia

34. Development of female genitalia

35. Development of female genitalia

36. Development of female genitalia

37. Development of female genitalia

38. Development of female genitalia

39. Development of female genitalia

40. Development of female genitalia

41. Development of female genitalia

42. Development of female genitalia

43. Development of female genitalia

44. Development of female genitalia

45. Development of female genitalia

46. Development of female genitalia

47. Development of female genitalia

51. Pathway of sperm (within male genitalia)
Seminiferous tubules of the testis
Head, body and tail of the epididymis
Ductus deferens
Ejaculatory duct
Prostatic part, membranous part
and penile part of the urethra
Semen thrown outside the body (within vagina)

52. Vagina
Cervix of the uterus
Body of the uterus
Intramural part and isthmus of the uterine tube
Ampulla of the uterine tube
(site of fertilization)
Pathway of sperm (within female genitalia)

53. Uterine tube

54. Artery supply

56. Visceral relation

57. Visceral relation

66. Fertilization

68. During menstrual cycle..