The document discusses the concept of felicific calculus, an algorithm proposed by Jeremy Bentham to measure the moral implications of actions based on the pleasure and pain they produce. It specifically evaluates the ethics of animal testing under utilitarianism, arguing that its benefits, such as curing diseases and enhancing the overall quality of life, outweigh the moral costs. The document emphasizes the criteria for assessing actions: intensity, duration, certainty, propinquity, fecundity, purity, and extent, indicating that the overall societal benefits justify the practice.