Fall 2011 the emergence of cinema as an institution
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The motion picture industry emerged as a powerful social and economic institution in the United States from the early 1900s to the mid-20th century. Movies became a popular weekly leisure activity for most Americans, resembling a social institution like church or clubs. The industry grew from Edison's early one-person kinetoscope exhibits to massive movie palaces that hundreds of thousands flocked to for entertainment and escape from daily life. Technological innovations, the rise of the star system, and focus on complex narratives transformed movies into a mainstream form of mass media.
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![The Emergence of Cinema as an
Institution
Chapter 1
John Belton, American Cinema, American Culture
Clip: [Brief] History of the Motion Picture](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/fall2011theemergenceofcinemaasaninstitution-111025194821-phpapp01/85/Fall-2011-the-emergence-of-cinema-as-an-institution-1-320.jpg)
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Belton Chapter 1 The Emergence of Cinema as an Institution
The cinema emerged as a major American institution in the early 20th century. Movies became the most popular form of entertainment, with 80-90 million Americans attending weekly in lavish movie palaces resembling cathedrals. The development of narrative films and star system transformed cinema into a unifying national pastime. By the 1950s, cinema had evolved into a mature institution catering to changing audiences in the modern era.
Belton Chapter 5: The Star System
This document summarizes the history of stardom in Hollywood from the silent film era to contemporary times in 3 pages. It discusses [1] how the advent of sound exposed the artifice of silent films and established stars as economic drivers for studios. It then [2] analyzes the construction of different star personas and images across different decades from the 1920s to the 1960s/70s, how they reflected and shaped social norms. Finally, it [3] notes that stars continue to be commodities manufactured primarily for economic purposes but that also provide pleasure to audiences through their performances.
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Thomas Edison and Louis Le Prince were early pioneers of motion picture technology in the late 1880s. Edison announced his plans for a "moving picture device" in 1888 and assigned the task to W.K.L. Dickson. In 1891, Edison was granted patents for the Kinetograph camera and the Kinetoscope peepshow device. The Lumiere brothers later invented the Cinematographe camera and projector, allowing films to be publicly projected for audiences. Their 1895 film exhibition in Paris is considered the birth of modern cinema. Pioneers like Edison, the Lumières, and Georges Méliès experimented with film technology and storytelling in the late 19
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This presentation was created in 2009 for a high school film production class and updated in 2020. It provides a visual accompaniment to a classroom lecture on Film History. This module covers the period from the beginnings of photography through the early days of exhibition including projectors and projection techniques.
In 2020 as a result of the Coronavirus Pandemic, I recorded a video of this presentation. Here is the link:https://youtu.be/GQuJJ8QkHQE Please feel free to use it in your classrooms.
The British and US Film Industry
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Laura mulvey’s male gaze theory
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Belton Chapter 1 The Emergence of Cinema as an Institution
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In 2020 as a result of the Coronavirus Pandemic, I recorded a video of this presentation. Here is the link:https://youtu.be/GQuJJ8QkHQE Please feel free to use it in your classrooms.
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The document discusses the history and development of the British and US film industries. It notes that the British film industry has experienced booms and recessions since the 1930s. Some of Britain's earliest successes included Alfred Hitchcock films in the 1930s. The industry then experienced a recession from the 1970s to 1990s. The 1990s saw a resurgence in successful British costume dramas and comedies such as Four Weddings and a Funeral and The Full Monty. Government support through organizations like the UK Film Council and National Lottery also contributed to the industry's renaissance. The document outlines ongoing debates around the type of films Britain should produce and discusses factors that define a "British film."
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Film editing involves selecting and assembling different shots and scenes to tell a story. Early films had only one shot while pioneers like Edwin Porter began using multiple shots and cutting between them. Techniques like continuity editing and montage editing were developed to enhance narrative structure and emotion. Advances in technology allowed for innovations like sound editing and non-linear digital editing systems.
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para los amantes del cine hoy en esta presentación veremos la historia del cine quienes fueron sus primeros directores, el cine mudo y mucha información al respecto a quienes les encantaría dedicarse al cine en algún futuro.
A brief History of Film
The document provides a brief history of important developments in film through short summaries of influential movies and techniques:
- The Lumière brothers produced some of the first films using a small portable camera and projector in the late 1800s, including one capturing workers leaving their factory which is considered one of the first documentary films.
- Georges Méliès pioneered special effects and sci-fi films in the early 1900s through techniques like fade ins/outs and stop motion. Edwin Porter also directed The Great Train Robbery, one of the first narrative films to use cross-cutting between shots.
- Walt Disney's Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs (1937) was a milestone as the first full-
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The idea behind this booklet is essentially to cover a broad range of topics and ideas related to both GCSE Film Studies exams but in a way that is very much revision: this booklet works best when you already have studied the individual films and topics needed and just need to revise those key ideas in a practical manner.
If you'd like to buy a copy please find here: https://iandoublem.sellfy.store/p/armbcq/
or here: https://www.tes.com/teaching-resource/-12649950
Throughout you will see references to ’30 Days of Film Revision’: the original plan was to include 30 different tasks that could be completed one day at a time leading up to the day of the Component 1 exam. There are actually 31 activities in total now, in part because I added an extra day to relax, but also to include additional material that focuses on each exam in specific focus; these are the final “exam on a page’ resources you will find on pages 31 and 32.
When designing this booklet, I have done so with the methodology of recalling more generic, broad ideas at the beginning and then eventually becoming more focused and nuanced on specific films and possible exam questions. I also incorporated techniques related to spaced learning, interleaving and dual encoding and for this reason it may seem as though the tasks and ideas are being repeated or are revised once and then pop up again later on.
Finally, I find this booklet works best when printed and photocopied to A3 size allowing for more space to write, but it was designed and therefore works well, at A4 size, ideally as one complete booklet with a page completed each day.
German Expressionism
German Expressionist films of the 1920s used stylized, non-realistic sets and lighting techniques to convey mood and deeper meaning with limited budgets. These films dealt with dark psychological themes rather than standard genres. While short-lived, Expressionism influenced later films through its artistic control of scenery and lighting. German filmmakers who emigrated to Hollywood in the 1930s brought Expressionist techniques and influenced genres like horror and film noir. Elements of German Expressionism remain common in modern films through its legacy.
The Lumiere Brothers
The Lumiere Brothers were Auguste and Louis Lumiere, two French brothers who were technical innovators in photography and film. After seeing Thomas Edison's Kinetoscope, they set out to create a device that overcame its limitations of only allowing one viewer at a time. By 1895, they had invented the Cinematographe, a much smaller hand-cranked device that could both film and project movies, establishing the standard of 16 frames per second. The Cinematographe was a major improvement over Edison's Kinetoscope and is credited with inventing the basis of modern cinematography.
Early cinema
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This document provides an overview of the Western genre in film. It defines genre and discusses the key conventions and iconography of Westerns, such as the central themes of civilization versus savagery, landscapes like deserts and mountains, and symbolic characters. The document also examines the historical basis of Westerns in the American expansion period of 1860-1910, and traces the evolution of the genre through classical, postwar, widescreen, revisionist, spaghetti, and genre-mixing phases.
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Documentary film began in 1895 with the short actuality films created by the Lumiere brothers capturing scenes of everyday life. The genre evolved with Nanook of the North in 1922, which was the first feature-length documentary and introduced creative interpretations of reality. John Grierson further developed poetic documentaries in the 1930s before direct cinema in the 1950s sought to present social and political issues in a more direct, unedited style. Verite documentaries from France used similar techniques while recent mockumentaries have blurred the line between documentary and fiction.
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This presentation was created for film production classes - it provides a visual accompaniment to a lecture on Film History. This module covers the period from the beginnings of the silent era through the creation of the MPPA and includes a brief side trip to explore the impact of McCarthyism.
In 2020 as a result of the Coronavirus Pandemic, I recorded a video of this presentation. Here is the link:https://youtu.be/5BjcJF4XN7c Please feel free to use it in your classrooms.
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German Expressionism was an influential but overlooked art movement in early 20th century Germany that explored emotional and psychological themes through distorted and exaggerated settings and characters. It influenced many films, plays, paintings and other artistic mediums. Expressionism grew popular in the 1920s but declined under Nazi rule, as Hitler favored classical styles and Expressionism was deemed anti-German. Many German Expressionist artists fled to America and continued developing the style, which went on to influence later films noir and Hollywood works through immigrant artists and techniques. Key Expressionist films like The Cabinet of Dr. Caligari and Nosferatu helped establish the horror and science fiction genres.
French New Wave
The French New Wave was an influential film movement that emerged in France in the late 1950s. A group of young film critics-turned-directors rejected classical filmmaking styles in favor of personal expression, deep composition, long takes, and location shooting. They drew inspiration from American films and aimed to bring a sense of realism and flexibility to cinema. Some of the most influential French New Wave films included Breathless, The 400 Blows, and Jules and Jim. The movement had a significant impact on global filmmaking styles.
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The document provides a brief history of important developments in film through short summaries of influential movies and techniques:
- The Lumière brothers produced some of the first films using a small portable camera and projector in the late 1800s, including one capturing workers leaving their factory which is considered one of the first documentary films.
- Georges Méliès pioneered special effects and sci-fi films in the early 1900s through techniques like fade ins/outs and stop motion. Edwin Porter also directed The Great Train Robbery, one of the first narrative films to use cross-cutting between shots.
- Walt Disney's Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs (1937) was a milestone as the first full-
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If you'd like to buy a copy please find here: https://iandoublem.sellfy.store/p/armbcq/
or here: https://www.tes.com/teaching-resource/-12649950
Throughout you will see references to ’30 Days of Film Revision’: the original plan was to include 30 different tasks that could be completed one day at a time leading up to the day of the Component 1 exam. There are actually 31 activities in total now, in part because I added an extra day to relax, but also to include additional material that focuses on each exam in specific focus; these are the final “exam on a page’ resources you will find on pages 31 and 32.
When designing this booklet, I have done so with the methodology of recalling more generic, broad ideas at the beginning and then eventually becoming more focused and nuanced on specific films and possible exam questions. I also incorporated techniques related to spaced learning, interleaving and dual encoding and for this reason it may seem as though the tasks and ideas are being repeated or are revised once and then pop up again later on.
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characteristic of fim noir
methods of shooting in film noir
role of film noir in todays world
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The history of documentary film began in 1895 with the Lumiere brothers' invention of the motion picture camera. Early documentary films from this era were called "Actualities" and simply captured short, unedited scenes. The documentary style as we know it today emerged in 1922 with Robert Flaherty's Nanook of the North, which was the first feature-length factual film to use creative interpretation and staged scenes. In the 1930s, John Grierson further developed the poetic realist approach to documentary filmmaking. Direct Cinema emerged in the 1950s-1960s in the U.S., aiming to present events directly and unmediated. Mockumentaries also began in the 1960s, using documentary codes and conventions to trick audiences
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In 2020 as a result of the Coronavirus Pandemic, I recorded a video of this presentation. Here is the link:https://youtu.be/5BjcJF4XN7c Please feel free to use it in your classrooms.
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German Expressionism was an influential but overlooked art movement in early 20th century Germany that explored emotional and psychological themes through distorted and exaggerated settings and characters. It influenced many films, plays, paintings and other artistic mediums. Expressionism grew popular in the 1920s but declined under Nazi rule, as Hitler favored classical styles and Expressionism was deemed anti-German. Many German Expressionist artists fled to America and continued developing the style, which went on to influence later films noir and Hollywood works through immigrant artists and techniques. Key Expressionist films like The Cabinet of Dr. Caligari and Nosferatu helped establish the horror and science fiction genres.
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British New Wave (TV Y1)
The British New Wave film movement of the late 1950s and 1960s aimed to realistically portray working class life in Britain. Key figures like Lindsay Anderson and Karel Reisz helped establish the movement through documentary films. British New Wave films featured gritty, social realist depictions of working class struggles in northern England using non-professional actors and location shooting. The films addressed issues like unemployment, domestic problems, and the challenges of social and economic changes in Britain after World War II. The movement had a lasting influence on British and American cinema although it has also been criticized for its sometimes negative portrayals of women and lack of diversity.
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The document provides an overview of the history and development of the movie industry. It discusses early movie technologies from the late 19th century and the establishment of the first movie studios in Hollywood in the early 20th century. It then summarizes the golden age of Hollywood in the 1930s-40s and how the industry adapted to new technologies and media over time, including television, VCRs, DVDs, and online distribution methods. Finally, it outlines some of the key components and roles within the modern movie production and distribution process and some common controversies involving movie content.
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This document provides an overview of the historical context and development of narrative film form. It discusses the origins of narrative films from early actualities by the Lumiere Brothers to the development of primitive stories and early narratives around 1905. Key developments during the silent era are outlined, including the growth of national film industries, influential filmmakers like D.W. Griffith and the Birth of a Nation, and film movements such as German Expressionism. The influence of theatre and dark fairytales on Expressionist films is highlighted through examples like The Cabinet of Dr. Caligari and the work of F.W. Murnau.
NewhouseSU COM 107 Communications and Society #NH1074Ward - Ch. 6 Slideshow
1) Technology has greatly impacted the movie industry since its inception, from the invention of celluloid to advancements like 3D.
2) The Hollywood studio system rose to power in the 1920s through practices like block booking and vertical integration that dominated the industry.
3) Television posed a challenge to Hollywood in the 1950s, leading studios to adapt through new technologies and genres, though they remain a major force today through consolidation and blockbuster hits.
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This document defines cult films and explores some of their key characteristics and genres. It states that cult films are often strange, quirky films that break conventions and cultural taboos. They frequently feature violence, gore and controversial topics. The document examines some notable cult directors like David Lynch and genres like musicals and westerns. It provides timelines of early and modern cult classics and discusses how cult followings have developed with social media. Three films - Reefer Madness, A Clockwork Orange, and Fight Club - are highlighted as examples of "social issues" cult films that explore influential realities in society.
Movies, Mass Communication Entertainment
Movies, Mass Communication EntertainmentUniversity of Calgary, School of Creative and Performing Arts
The document discusses the history of movies from early technology and films like The Great Train Robbery to the rise and fall of the studio system including blacklisting during the McCarthy era, and then covers different film styles, genres, and classical narratives, providing two film examples - François Truffaut’s Day for Night and George Clooney’s Good Night, and Good Luck.Film timebased2012
This document provides an overview of film, including its history, production process, associated fields like criticism and theory, and the film industry. It discusses how film developed from early visual devices like zoetropes into a global art form and business. Key aspects covered include how films are made up of frames to create the illusion of motion, the cultural impact of films, and how large-scale production involves many steps and financing.
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D.W. Griffith was an influential early American film director who helped develop cinematic techniques like close-ups, parallel editing, and the use of camera movement. His 1915 film Birth of a Nation promoted racist ideas about Reconstruction and the role of the Ku Klux Klan. Oscar Micheaux was a pioneering African American filmmaker who produced over 40 race films between 1919-1950, including Within Our Gates which directly responded to and critiqued the racist narrative of Birth of a Nation.
1. the history_of_hollywood (1)
The document provides an overview of the history and development of the American film industry from its origins in the late 1800s through the present day. It outlines key milestones such as the introduction of sound and color film, the development of new technologies like VHS, DVD, and streaming, and the transition from the classic Hollywood studio system to the contemporary era dominated by six major media conglomerates. The purpose is to describe how the film industry and film consumption have changed over time.
Bordwell 11e ppt_ch12
This chapter examines the historical development of film art through various movements and periods. It discusses early cinema from 1893-1903 which featured simple films showing scenic places and events. The development of classical Hollywood from 1908-1927 saw filmmakers like Griffith refine narrative techniques. German Expressionism from 1919-1926 was known for its stylized sets while French Impressionism from 1918-1929 manipulated time and subjectivity. Later movements discussed include Italian Neorealism, the French New Wave, and Hong Kong cinema.
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The document discusses how history is portrayed and consumed in popular media like television and film, examining how these mediums shape public understanding and engagement with the past. It also analyzes how historical films and documentaries can influence national identity and how different countries portray themselves through portrayals of history on screen. The role of academics versus popular historians in controlling the narrative of the past is also a topic of discussion.
C10 - Motion Pictures
This chapter provides an overview of the history and development of the motion picture industry from its origins in the late 19th century through modern digital filmmaking. Key points include: the major studios dominated Hollywood from the 1930s-1950s; television greatly impacted the film industry in the 1950s by capturing much of its audience; and the transition to digital technology is transforming film production, distribution, and exhibition. The chapter also describes the organizational structure and economics of the modern movie industry.
Films 1930s (TV Y1)
The document discusses developments in the film industry during the 1930s, including the introduction of the Motion Picture Production Code to regulate content and establish moral guidelines following concerns over Hollywood's influence; it also notes John Wayne's debut in a Western and technological advances like widescreen and sound cartoons being introduced during this period. The 1930s saw both growth and challenges for Hollywood as new regulations were established while the industry also had to adapt to the economic impacts of the Great Depression.
The History of Cinema from early days.pptx
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Understanding cinema:french new wave,italian neorealism and indian parallel c...
Italian Neorealism emerged in post-WWII Italy in response to the difficult economic conditions and desire to portray realism over fascism's rejection of realism. Key directors like Roberto Rossellini and Vittorio De Sica filmed on location using non-professional actors and a documentary style. De Sica's 1948 film Bicycle Thieves is considered the pinnacle of the movement. The French New Wave of the late 1950s rejected classical Hollywood styles through techniques like jump cuts and handheld cameras, influenced by writers at Cahiers du Cinema and the auteur theory. Parallel Indian Cinema emerged in the 1970s as an alternative to commercial Indian cinema, addressing social and political realities through serious themes and naturalism
Media Timeline: History of horror and thriller
Alfred Hitchcock was a pioneer of the thriller genre in film in the 1920s with silent films like "The Lodger" depicting suspenseful stories. In the 1930s, his films helped establish the genre and became popular for their mystery storylines involving murder, madness, and secrets close to home. Thrillers evolved throughout the 20th century incorporating psychological horror elements and increasingly explicit scenes, and continue to hybridize with crime and horror genres in modern films.
Chapter 7 Movies and the Impact of Images
The document discusses the history and evolution of the movie industry from early technologies like the zoetrope and magic lantern to the development of narrative films and Hollywood studio system. It describes how the major studios established control over production, distribution, and exhibition in the 1920s. The introduction of sound and innovations by directors helped spark the Golden Age of Hollywood in the 1930s-40s. The system was transformed after WWII due to changing social trends, television, and government intervention, but the industry continued to adapt through home video, cable, and streaming.
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NewhouseSU COM 107 Communications and Society #NH1074Ward - Ch. 6 Slideshow
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Early Life and Backgrounds
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The Origins of the Dwayne Johnson Kidnapping Saga
Dwayne Johnson: A Brief Background
Before discussing the specifics of the kidnapping. it is crucial to understand who Dwayne Johnson is and why his kidnapping would be so significant. Born May 2, 1972, Dwayne Douglas Johnson is an American actor, producer, businessman. and former professional wrestler. Known by his ring name, "The Rock," he gained fame in the World Wrestling Federation (WWF, now WWE) before transitioning to a successful career in Hollywood.
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On the day of the kidnapping, everything seemed to be proceeding as usual on set. Johnson and his co-stars and crew were engrossed in shooting a particularly demanding scene. As the day wore on, the production team took a short break. providing the kidnappers with the perfect opportunity to strike.
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A Prime Location
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3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
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Fall 2011 the emergence of cinema as an institution
- 1. The Emergence of Cinema as an Institution Chapter 1 John Belton, American Cinema, American Culture Clip: [Brief] History of the Motion Picture
- 2. • From 1929 to 1949: 80 to 90 million Americans viewed movies weekly • Movies resembled a religious institution, but primarily a social institution “THE CATHEDRAL OF THE MOTION PICTURE”
- 3. Developing Systems: Society & Technology • Film as an institution • Q: What is an institution? • A: An established, custom, practice, or relationship in society (American Heritage Dictionary) Examples: government, military, church, school • Economic: Purpose = make money (e.g., Edison's Kinetoscope only one voyeur at a time, pun intended), but developed into a product marketed and sold the audiences. Star system and genre system are commodities • Social: Promoted social interaction among Americans; Leisurely activity; Examples: church, clubs, bars • Technological: marvel attracted crowds, dependence on products of the Industrial Revolution (celluloid, sound, etc.) • Psychological: Appeals to emotions, makes us want to go to the movies; escapism, enjoyment, contemporary times vary greatly from the past when movie-going was akin to our TV habits today.
- 4. Edison & the Kinetoscope
- 5. Edison & the Kinetoscope (cont’d) • Capturing Time: an age of many new inventions, which impacted cultural shifts. First motion picture camera • Introduced new concept of time (along with the photograph & phonograph) • A commodity - reproduced and sold • Objectified, infinitely re- experienced • Viewed by one person at a time • Designed to maximize profit
- 7. • Invention of projection (1895-1896) • Changed viewer's relationship to the image was no longer private, but a public experience MASS PRODUCTION, MASS CONSUMPTION
- 8. The Nickelodeon: A Collective Experience • Working class attraction • 5¢ movies • “For the first time in American history all races, genders, social and ethnic groups shared a collective experience” • A step toward the creation of a homogeneous middle-class American culture
- 9. Cleaning Up: The Benefits of Respectability • Motion Picture Patents Company (MPPC) • Result of mass consumption and need for stabilization • Interested in profit and market expansion • Goal: attract upper class viewers • Objectives • Eliminate ethnic films • Increase price of admission • Produce films based on literary, historical, or biblical sources (Poe, Dickens, Tolstoy, Shakespeare)
- 10. • The Camera as Recorder • The Camera as Narrator • The Feature Film SPECTACLE AND STORYTELLING: FROM PORTER TO GRIFFITH
- 11. The Camera as Recorder • „bourgeoisification of the movies‟ • Post-1908, exhibitionist in nature, theatrical • Middle-class demand for more advanced/complex narratives • Focus on perfection of narrative skills • Edwin S. Porter's use of showing same action from different perspectives successively • Two versions of The Life of an American Fireman (1903) • http://youtube.com/watch?v=p4C0gJ7BnLc
- 12. The Camera as Narrator • Active narration used to shape audience's perception • Griffith's use of parallel editing or cross-cutting • Creates suspense • Psychological development of characters
- 13. The “Feature” Film • More complex narratives • Multiple-reel • Financial success • D.W. Griffith's historical epic, The Birth of a Nation (1915) • 12 reels, 3 hours long • Extreme racism overtly presented and exposes the power of the motion picture as a medium to communicate ideological arguments • http://youtube.com/watch?v=32hMZP0K 2wM
- 14. “Garden of Dreams” & The Great Showmen • Change from uncomfortable, modest theaters to spacious, luxurious movie palaces • From theater attendants to concierge service • Middle class experience the luxuries of the rich PRESENTING…THE MOVIE PALACE
- 15. AN EVOLVING INSTITUTION • What began as a technological marvel at the turn of the century has changed in countless ways • Stylistic and technological developments • A shifting in American consciousness • Continues to be an efficient system of storytelling • “The cinematic institution of Hollywood past has disappeared…transformed into a new institution designed to serve…contemporary audiences” (19). • Goal: “to recover a sense of the experience that previous generations had when they went to the movies” (20).
Editor's Notes
- Created by Professor Lauren Martilli