The Factory Act of 1948 is social legislation enacted to regulate work conditions and ensure occupational safety, health, and welfare of workers in manufacturing establishments defined as factories. The act applies to factories with 10 or more workers using power-driven machines or 20 or more workers. It aims to provide protection to workers exposed to occupational hazards and make adequate safety provisions. The Factory Act of 1948 and its 1987 amendment help formulate national policy in India regarding occupational safety and health in factories.