This ppt is about Factors affecting second language acquisition

1. Factors affecting Second
language acquisition
Muhamamd Ansar
23011702-032

2. Contents
.
What
is
SLA
.
How
SLA is
different
from
FLA
.
Factors

3. Factors
Critical
Period
Hypothesis
Cognitive
Factors
Access to
Resources
Language
Learning
Strategies
Environm
ental
Factors:
Motivation
Socio-
cultural
Factors
Social
Identity and
Integration
Linguistic
Aptitude
Individual
Learning
Styles
Psychologi
cal
Factors

4. WhatisSecond
language
acquisition?
 A process of acquiring another language other than
native one
 An Academic field that studies that process
 Mostly regarded as sub-discipline of Applied linguistics
but also got research attention from various fields i.e
education and psychology

5. Difference
betweenSLA&
FLA…,
 First Language Acquisition (FLA): This refers to the
natural process by which individuals acquire their
native language during early childhood, typically
before the age of 7. It occurs in a natural, immersive
environment, with exposure to the language from
family, peers, and the community.
 Second Language Acquisition (SLA): This is the process
of learning an additional language after the first
language has been acquired. It can happen at any age
and involves conscious learning, often in educational
settings or through exposure in a language-learning
environment.

6. Difference
betweenSLA&
FLA…,
TIMING
 FLA: Begins in early childhood, and the initial stages of language
development are critical during the first few years of life.
 SLA: Can occur at any age, and individuals may start learning a
second language in childhood, adolescence, or adulthood.
LEARNING ENVIRONMENT:
 FLA: Takes place in a natural, immersive environment where
children are surrounded by native speakers and engage in
everyday communication.
 SLA: Often involves formal instruction, structured language
classes, or immersion programs, and learners may not be
consistently surrounded by native speakers.

7. Difference
betweenSLA&
FLA…,
MOTIVATION
 FLA: Motivation is typically intrinsic, driven by the natural need
to communicate and interact with the immediate environment.
 SLA: Motivation can be both intrinsic and extrinsic. Learners may
have personal or academic reasons for acquiring a second
language.
OUTCOME
 FLA: Native-like proficiency is often achieved, with a deep
understanding of the cultural nuances and idiomatic expressions
of the language.
 SLA: Proficiency varies among individuals, and achieving native-
like fluency may be challenging, especially if the second language
is acquired later in life.

8. Factors

9. CriticalPeriod
Hypothesis
 The idea that there is an optimal age range for language acquisition,
and beyond this period, it becomes more challenging to attain native-
like proficiency.
 The critical period hypothesis was first proposed by Montreal
neurologist Wilder Penfield and co-author Lamar Roberts in their 1959
book Speech and Brain Mechanisms, and was popularized by Eric
Lenneberg in 1967 with Biological Foundations of Language.

10. Factors
ACCESS TO RESOURCES
 Availability of language learning resources, including
books, technology, and language courses, can affect the
learning process
COGNITIVE FACTORS
 Memory, intelligence, and learning styles can impact
the processing and retention of new language
information.

11. Factors
PSYCHOLOGICAL FACTORS
 Learners' attitudes, anxiety levels, and self-esteem can
affect their language learning experience and
outcomes.
SOCIO-CULTURAL FACTORS
 Cultural background, social context, and interaction
with native speakers and the community influence
language acquisition by shaping communicative
competence.

12. Factors
MOTIVATION
 Both intrinsic (personal interest, enjoyment) and
extrinsic (external rewards, social approval) motivation
play a crucial role in language learning.
LINGUSTICS ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS
 Exposure to the language through immersion,
frequency of language input, and the linguistic
environment contribute to language development.

13. Factors
LANGUAGE LEARNING STRATEGIES
 The approaches and techniques individuals use to
learn and practice a new language, such as
memorization, association, and communication
strategies.
SOCIAL IDENTITY AND INTEGRATION
 The learner's social identity, sense of belonging, and
integration into the language community influence
language acquisition.

14. Factors
LINGUISTIC APTITUDE
 The natural ability to grasp the structure and patterns
of languages can influence how quickly and accurately
someone acquires a new language.
INDIVIDUAL LEARNING STYLES
 Varied approaches to learning, such as auditory, visual,
or kinesthetic preferences, can impact how individuals
absorb and retain language information.