This document discusses factors affecting the performance of urban railway projects in Vietnam that received official development assistance (ODA) funding. It presents a study that aimed to develop and verify a model for assessing these factors. The study used qualitative methods like expert interviews to develop the model and quantitative methods like surveys and statistical analysis to verify it. The results showed that three factors directly affected project performance: 1) management capacity, 2) adaptability, and 3) financial capacity. Organization ability and risk management did not significantly influence performance. The study provides context on ODA and discusses the methodology used to analyze factors affecting the performance of ODA-funded urban railway projects in Vietnam.
Effect of social capital on agribusiness diversification intention in the eme...Nghiên Cứu Định Lượng
This is the first study to explore the comprehensive effect of the facets of social capital on behavioral intention through behavioral goals and determinants of the TPB under the premises of the RBV. The findings will help emerging economies, for example, Vietnam, where most farmers are family business owners or microscaled entrepreneurs in agriculture.
The literature shows little evidence on the effects of the business model upon the volatility of banks in developing and fast growing economies. Hence, this study examines the effects of busi-ness model choice on bank’s stability in ASEAN countries. Using GMM and other robust econo-metric methods on the sample of 99 joint stock commercial banks, we find significant and nega-tive impacts of diversification model in which bank shifts toward non – interest and fee – based activities. We also find that the impacts are different between two groups of countries. For Vi-etnam, Indonesia and the Philippines, the diversification entails negative impacts on the stability while demonstrating positive impacts for Thailand and Malaysia. Upon the findings, we draw policy implications for a more sustainable development in ASEAN banking business.
How does hotel employees’ satisfaction with the organization’s COVID-19 respo...Nghiên Cứu Định Lượng
Bài nghiên cứu của thành viên Trung tâm Nghiên cứu Định lượng tham gia trong dự án về Covid-19
This research examines the role of hotel employees’ satisfaction with their organization’s COVID-19 responses in reducing their perceived job insecurity (PJI) and maintaining their job performance (JP). We conducted two studies using an explanatory sequential mixed-methods design. The results indicated that employees’ satisfaction with organization COVID-19 responses (SOCV19R) positively influences JP and moderates (1) the positive association between perceived health risk associated with COVID-19 (PHRCV19) and PJI and (2) the negative link between PJI and JP. Unexpectedly, PHRCV19 was found to positively affect JP, and the moderating effect of SOCV19R on the relationship between PHRCV19 and JP was significant and positive. We also found that PJI has a mediating role in the PHRCV19–JP relationship. This study fills a significant gap in hospitality research by exploring the role of the organization’s crisis responses in tempering the impact of perceived health risk of a global health crisis on hotel employees. Theoretically, this research revealed that employees’ SOCV19R helps raise JP, mitigate the positive influence of PHRCV19 on PJI and the negative impact of PJI on JP, and strengthen the positive effect of PHRCV19 on JP.
Effect of social capital on agribusiness diversification intention in the eme...Nghiên Cứu Định Lượng
This is the first study to explore the comprehensive effect of the facets of social capital on behavioral intention through behavioral goals and determinants of the TPB under the premises of the RBV. The findings will help emerging economies, for example, Vietnam, where most farmers are family business owners or microscaled entrepreneurs in agriculture.
The literature shows little evidence on the effects of the business model upon the volatility of banks in developing and fast growing economies. Hence, this study examines the effects of busi-ness model choice on bank’s stability in ASEAN countries. Using GMM and other robust econo-metric methods on the sample of 99 joint stock commercial banks, we find significant and nega-tive impacts of diversification model in which bank shifts toward non – interest and fee – based activities. We also find that the impacts are different between two groups of countries. For Vi-etnam, Indonesia and the Philippines, the diversification entails negative impacts on the stability while demonstrating positive impacts for Thailand and Malaysia. Upon the findings, we draw policy implications for a more sustainable development in ASEAN banking business.
How does hotel employees’ satisfaction with the organization’s COVID-19 respo...Nghiên Cứu Định Lượng
Bài nghiên cứu của thành viên Trung tâm Nghiên cứu Định lượng tham gia trong dự án về Covid-19
This research examines the role of hotel employees’ satisfaction with their organization’s COVID-19 responses in reducing their perceived job insecurity (PJI) and maintaining their job performance (JP). We conducted two studies using an explanatory sequential mixed-methods design. The results indicated that employees’ satisfaction with organization COVID-19 responses (SOCV19R) positively influences JP and moderates (1) the positive association between perceived health risk associated with COVID-19 (PHRCV19) and PJI and (2) the negative link between PJI and JP. Unexpectedly, PHRCV19 was found to positively affect JP, and the moderating effect of SOCV19R on the relationship between PHRCV19 and JP was significant and positive. We also found that PJI has a mediating role in the PHRCV19–JP relationship. This study fills a significant gap in hospitality research by exploring the role of the organization’s crisis responses in tempering the impact of perceived health risk of a global health crisis on hotel employees. Theoretically, this research revealed that employees’ SOCV19R helps raise JP, mitigate the positive influence of PHRCV19 on PJI and the negative impact of PJI on JP, and strengthen the positive effect of PHRCV19 on JP.
How does capital structure affect firm s market competitiveness.pdfNghiên Cứu Định Lượng
Các quyết định về vốn hiệu quả không chỉ làm tăng hiệu quả hoạt động của doanh nghiệp mà còn mang tính chiến lược để mang lại lợi thế cạnh tranh của doanh nghiệp trên thị trường. Sử dụng một tỷ lệ nợ phù hợp giúp doanh nghiệp cân bằng giữa nguồn lực bên trong và bên ngoài để cạnh tranh với các doanh nghiệp trong ngành. Nghiên cứu này nhằm tìm ra ảnh hưởng của cấu trúc vốn thông qua hệ số nợ (DR) đến năng lực cạnh tranh của doanh nghiệp (HHI) ở Việt Nam. Một mẫu gồm 574 công ty niêm yết trên sàn giao dịch chứng khoán của Việt Nam từ năm 2010–2018 được nghiên cứu bằng phần mềm STATA. Kết quả cho thấy cấu trúc vốn ảnh hưởng đến năng lực cạnh tranh của doanh nghiệp hình chữ U ngược. Đồng thời, DR ảnh hưởng đến HHI dưới dạng hàm hình chữ U trong các sản phẩm công nghiệp, thông tin và viễn thông và hàng tiêu dùng. Trong khi đó, DR ảnh hưởng đến HHI theo hình chữ U ngược trong các lĩnh vực dịch vụ tiêu dùng, nguyên vật liệu và tiện ích cộng đồng. Với kết quả của phân tích này, nghiên cứu cũng cung cấp các thảo luận cũng như các hàm ý chính sách đối với doanh nghiệp sử dụng tối ưu cơ cấu vốn để tạo lợi thế cạnh tranh trên thị trường.
This paper examines whether the long-run relationship between budget and external deficits follows the
tenets of the twin-deficit hypothesis, the Ricardian equivalence hypothesis, the current account targeting
hypothesis, or the feedback linkages. It also evaluates the effects of budget and trade deficits on economic growth.
On a global perspective, these have been in the recent period debated in developed and developing nations. In
contributing to this ongoing debate, the study applied unit root tests, cointegration analysis, a dynamic vector
error correction model and a multivariate Toda-Yamamoto long -run Granger-causality representation using
annual time series data for Kenya from 1980 to 2016. There is evidence of unidirectional causality running from
budget deficit to external deficit in support of the twin-deficit hypothesis. In the long run, budget deficit had
significant positive effects while trade deficit had significant negative effects, on real GDP growth. Overall, the
findings suggest that the authorities should promote policies that upscale fiscal discipline, curb budget deficits for
external stability and long-term economic growth, in Kenya. The evidence underscores the need for more country
specific studies in sub-Saharan Africa.
This paper examine the impact of macroeconomic factors on firm level equity premium. Following
the concept of macro-based risk factor model, we consider macroeconomic variable set of equity premium
determinant. The macroeconomic variables include interest rate, money supply, industrial production, inflation
and foreign direct investment. The macroeconomic variables are not in control of the firm's management. These
are the external factors which affect the company as well as the overall market returns. The Macro-based
Multifactor Model is estimated for the whole sample. It is found that the market premium and the selected five
macroeconomic factors significantly affect the firm level equity premium of non-financial firms. Increase in
market premium, money supply, foreign direct investment and industrial production positively affect the firm
level equity premium while increase in interest rate and inflation negatively affects the firm level equity
premium. These findings are beneficial for the common shareholders, institutional investors and policy makers
to find more specific insight about the relationship between macroeconomic variables and equity premium of
non-financial sectors.
Strategy for Technology Transfer and Research Results Commercialization in Un...YogeshIJTSRD
In the globalization stage, there has been an increasing interest in the determinants and outcomes of successful technology transfer and commercialization of research results. In this study, An evaluation framework which crosses technology transfer services and research results commercialization in University has been created. We found that research based business idea generation increase at a faster rate for professors with private sector work experience who have more time for research in their positions. The article ends with a discussion of our empirical findings and its implications for support activities related to technology transfer and commercialization of research results. Dr. Le Nguyen Doan Khoi "Strategy for Technology Transfer and Research Results Commercialization in University" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd44945.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/randd-management/44945/strategy-for-technology-transfer-and-research-results-commercialization-in-university/dr-le-nguyen-doan-khoi
An Investigation of the Effect of Challenges Encounters Female Entrepreneuria...AkashSharma618775
The participation of females in entrepreneurial activities is such a satisfying ideal that has proven to
convey positive contribution towards economic process. To ascertain this; the subject matter has presented herein.
Such presentation has been done by giving detailed analysis of the effects of challenges encounters female
entrepreneurial taking Malaysia, which is one of the transformed economies as the country of context. There is a
promising growth in entrepreneurial activities in the recent years in Malaysia; yet, this growth has seen to have
many male entrepreneurs leaving females with minimal rate of participation. There are challenges identified,
evaluated and analyzed to be the very reasons that leads to this scenario. The study employed three challenges
called economic, resource and cultural extracted from Isa et al., (2018); the challenges which are henceforth
implemented as independent variables (IVs) of the study. The study has found the significant correlation between
each of these IVs (EoC) and its subject matter; that’s female entrepreneurial (FE) in Malaysia the DV with the
significant levels of 0.026 and 0.012 respectively. The extent of effects was regretted to be 62% within the inverse
correlation of 0.89 to mean that the increase of EoC results to the decrease of FE and the decrease of EoC leads to
the increase of FE. The statistical analytics were measured using SPSS and data were secondarily reviewed from
the study of Hossain et al., (2018). For further researches; an expansion to reach other stakeholders like police
makers and officers of financial institutions has been recommended because, this study has been established on the
mere perspectives and opinions of entrepreneurs and not other stakeholders of entreprenerial activities.
Exposure to financial distress in businesses adversely affects the groups related to the business and
the general economic structure. Financial distress, which is one of the most important research topics in the
recent finance literature, has always been important in economies with high cyclical fluctuations such as Turkey
and has turned into an area where intensive studies are carried out
External Business Environment and Performance of Microfinance Institutions: E...AkashSharma618775
This study examined the intensity of competition in the microfinance industry and its relationship
performance of MFIs in Nigeria. From a sample of 121 MFIs in Nigeria, data was collected via a structured
questionnaire. Data collected was analyzed via Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM
3.0) using the Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS v22) and, findings suggest that MFIs were faced with
intense competition in the form of high cost and difficulty of entry, high operational cost and too many players in
the industry regardless of the type of product and services they offer or lending policies they embrace. The result
further reveal that the intensity of competition has significant negative influence on the amount of loans disbursed
and the amount disbursed to women. The study therefore recommends MFI managers to develop operational
mechanisms for cost and risk reduction to survive and excel.
How does capital structure affect firm s market competitiveness.pdfNghiên Cứu Định Lượng
Các quyết định về vốn hiệu quả không chỉ làm tăng hiệu quả hoạt động của doanh nghiệp mà còn mang tính chiến lược để mang lại lợi thế cạnh tranh của doanh nghiệp trên thị trường. Sử dụng một tỷ lệ nợ phù hợp giúp doanh nghiệp cân bằng giữa nguồn lực bên trong và bên ngoài để cạnh tranh với các doanh nghiệp trong ngành. Nghiên cứu này nhằm tìm ra ảnh hưởng của cấu trúc vốn thông qua hệ số nợ (DR) đến năng lực cạnh tranh của doanh nghiệp (HHI) ở Việt Nam. Một mẫu gồm 574 công ty niêm yết trên sàn giao dịch chứng khoán của Việt Nam từ năm 2010–2018 được nghiên cứu bằng phần mềm STATA. Kết quả cho thấy cấu trúc vốn ảnh hưởng đến năng lực cạnh tranh của doanh nghiệp hình chữ U ngược. Đồng thời, DR ảnh hưởng đến HHI dưới dạng hàm hình chữ U trong các sản phẩm công nghiệp, thông tin và viễn thông và hàng tiêu dùng. Trong khi đó, DR ảnh hưởng đến HHI theo hình chữ U ngược trong các lĩnh vực dịch vụ tiêu dùng, nguyên vật liệu và tiện ích cộng đồng. Với kết quả của phân tích này, nghiên cứu cũng cung cấp các thảo luận cũng như các hàm ý chính sách đối với doanh nghiệp sử dụng tối ưu cơ cấu vốn để tạo lợi thế cạnh tranh trên thị trường.
This paper examines whether the long-run relationship between budget and external deficits follows the
tenets of the twin-deficit hypothesis, the Ricardian equivalence hypothesis, the current account targeting
hypothesis, or the feedback linkages. It also evaluates the effects of budget and trade deficits on economic growth.
On a global perspective, these have been in the recent period debated in developed and developing nations. In
contributing to this ongoing debate, the study applied unit root tests, cointegration analysis, a dynamic vector
error correction model and a multivariate Toda-Yamamoto long -run Granger-causality representation using
annual time series data for Kenya from 1980 to 2016. There is evidence of unidirectional causality running from
budget deficit to external deficit in support of the twin-deficit hypothesis. In the long run, budget deficit had
significant positive effects while trade deficit had significant negative effects, on real GDP growth. Overall, the
findings suggest that the authorities should promote policies that upscale fiscal discipline, curb budget deficits for
external stability and long-term economic growth, in Kenya. The evidence underscores the need for more country
specific studies in sub-Saharan Africa.
This paper examine the impact of macroeconomic factors on firm level equity premium. Following
the concept of macro-based risk factor model, we consider macroeconomic variable set of equity premium
determinant. The macroeconomic variables include interest rate, money supply, industrial production, inflation
and foreign direct investment. The macroeconomic variables are not in control of the firm's management. These
are the external factors which affect the company as well as the overall market returns. The Macro-based
Multifactor Model is estimated for the whole sample. It is found that the market premium and the selected five
macroeconomic factors significantly affect the firm level equity premium of non-financial firms. Increase in
market premium, money supply, foreign direct investment and industrial production positively affect the firm
level equity premium while increase in interest rate and inflation negatively affects the firm level equity
premium. These findings are beneficial for the common shareholders, institutional investors and policy makers
to find more specific insight about the relationship between macroeconomic variables and equity premium of
non-financial sectors.
Strategy for Technology Transfer and Research Results Commercialization in Un...YogeshIJTSRD
In the globalization stage, there has been an increasing interest in the determinants and outcomes of successful technology transfer and commercialization of research results. In this study, An evaluation framework which crosses technology transfer services and research results commercialization in University has been created. We found that research based business idea generation increase at a faster rate for professors with private sector work experience who have more time for research in their positions. The article ends with a discussion of our empirical findings and its implications for support activities related to technology transfer and commercialization of research results. Dr. Le Nguyen Doan Khoi "Strategy for Technology Transfer and Research Results Commercialization in University" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd44945.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/randd-management/44945/strategy-for-technology-transfer-and-research-results-commercialization-in-university/dr-le-nguyen-doan-khoi
An Investigation of the Effect of Challenges Encounters Female Entrepreneuria...AkashSharma618775
The participation of females in entrepreneurial activities is such a satisfying ideal that has proven to
convey positive contribution towards economic process. To ascertain this; the subject matter has presented herein.
Such presentation has been done by giving detailed analysis of the effects of challenges encounters female
entrepreneurial taking Malaysia, which is one of the transformed economies as the country of context. There is a
promising growth in entrepreneurial activities in the recent years in Malaysia; yet, this growth has seen to have
many male entrepreneurs leaving females with minimal rate of participation. There are challenges identified,
evaluated and analyzed to be the very reasons that leads to this scenario. The study employed three challenges
called economic, resource and cultural extracted from Isa et al., (2018); the challenges which are henceforth
implemented as independent variables (IVs) of the study. The study has found the significant correlation between
each of these IVs (EoC) and its subject matter; that’s female entrepreneurial (FE) in Malaysia the DV with the
significant levels of 0.026 and 0.012 respectively. The extent of effects was regretted to be 62% within the inverse
correlation of 0.89 to mean that the increase of EoC results to the decrease of FE and the decrease of EoC leads to
the increase of FE. The statistical analytics were measured using SPSS and data were secondarily reviewed from
the study of Hossain et al., (2018). For further researches; an expansion to reach other stakeholders like police
makers and officers of financial institutions has been recommended because, this study has been established on the
mere perspectives and opinions of entrepreneurs and not other stakeholders of entreprenerial activities.
Exposure to financial distress in businesses adversely affects the groups related to the business and
the general economic structure. Financial distress, which is one of the most important research topics in the
recent finance literature, has always been important in economies with high cyclical fluctuations such as Turkey
and has turned into an area where intensive studies are carried out
External Business Environment and Performance of Microfinance Institutions: E...AkashSharma618775
This study examined the intensity of competition in the microfinance industry and its relationship
performance of MFIs in Nigeria. From a sample of 121 MFIs in Nigeria, data was collected via a structured
questionnaire. Data collected was analyzed via Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM
3.0) using the Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS v22) and, findings suggest that MFIs were faced with
intense competition in the form of high cost and difficulty of entry, high operational cost and too many players in
the industry regardless of the type of product and services they offer or lending policies they embrace. The result
further reveal that the intensity of competition has significant negative influence on the amount of loans disbursed
and the amount disbursed to women. The study therefore recommends MFI managers to develop operational
mechanisms for cost and risk reduction to survive and excel.
Your business plan is now complete. Imagine you are in front of a .docxlillie234567
Your business plan is now complete. Imagine you are in front of a group of investors, presenting your business idea and encouraging them to invest in your chosen company.
·
Title Page with the company name and your name.
Healthy Vending
Solution
s
·
Outline of What You Do. -
Offers healthy snacks in vending machines
·
Target Market.
health-conscious individuals, calorie-conscious, diet-restrictions- energy seekers, students, athletes, (age 16-65)
·
Market Size.
How big is the market or industry on which you’re focusing?
· What are the growth opportunities?
Competition.
· Who are your key competitors?
· Aramark, Carolina Fresh, and Healthy You Vending
Your Management Team.
· Who runs the business? CEO, Operations Manager, Administrative Assistant,
· What are their roles and key skills?
Business Model.
· How will your business make money?
Financials.
· What key financial information does your audience need to decide whether to invest in you and your business?
Funding You Are Seeking.
Why Will Investors Want to Invest in This Business and in You?
:
PowerPoint with notes; no more than 10–12 slides.
If you select one of the PowerPoint formats, include bullets, relevant images, and the like, do not include paragraphs or full sentences on the slides.
Your presentation needs to impress the investors; make it creative and interesting while including all the relevant information.
Week 1- discussion board
My topic of choice is controlling project schedule.
Although, project teams and organizations give considerable effort and use different well accepted tools for the estimation of the projects, however some organizations fall short when it comes to controlling these estimations. In reality many projects face uncertainties such as labor efficiency, equipment efficiency, weather, design and so many different ones (Yun-yan,2012). These uncertainties cause the schedule overrun, which could be avoided by effective management and control of the planned schedule. Controlling the project schedule is defined as a process to monitor the status of the project activities and if needed to update the progress and manage changes to the schedule baseline (PMI, 2013).
Managing time, and especially managing the schedule of the projects and adhering to the pre-estimated schedule is a source of challenge for many professionals and project managers. The problem of project delays is a world-wide phenomenon. Failure to achieve targeted time can cause various unexpected negative effects such as loss of revenue, compromised quality and etc (Lindhard & Wandahl,2014; Oyedele et al.,2015). For this reason, better monitor and control of the schedule can help to define and mitigate the uncertainties and their effect on the project in time without causing negative results.
Hence, the following questions will be answered in the paper:
Q1: What are the effects of schedu.
Strategic Cost Management for Construction Project Success : A Systematic Studycivej
Large construction projects are inherently complex and dynamic. Many projects start with good ideas,
huge investments and great efforts. However, most of them do not achieve much success. A major
contribution to unsuccessful projects is the lack of understanding on scope, time, cost and quality. Projects
as powerful strategic weapons when initiated create economic value and competitive advantage. The
objective of the research is to explicitly declare the scope of the research to by considering only the scope,
time, cost and quality as process success parameters and how specifically the cost element would influence
the project success when all other elements or factors other than cost are represented in terms of cost
factor along with the contract conditions as basic rules or constraints that drive the strategic cost based on
applying the CRASP methodology concept. The concept of benchmarking would provide right meaning of
project success when allowing to properly distributing the meaning of customer profitability to the project
providers (project owner and contractors).
STRATEGIC COST MANAGEMENT FOR CONSTRUCTION PROJECT SUCCESS: A SYSTEMATIC STUDYcivejjour
Large construction projects are inherently complex and dynamic. Many projects start with good ideas, huge investments and great efforts. However, most of them do not achieve much success. A major contribution to unsuccessful projects is the lack of understanding on scope, time, cost and quality. Projects as powerful strategic weapons when initiated create economic value and competitive advantage. The objective of the research is to explicitly declare the scope of the research to by considering only the scope, time, cost and quality as process success parameters and how specifically the cost element would influence the project success when all other elements or factors other than cost are represented in terms of cost factor along with the contract conditions as basic rules or constraints that drive the strategic cost based on applying the CRASP methodology concept. The concept of benchmarking would provide right meaning of project success when allowing to properly distributing the meaning of customer profitability to the project providers (project owner and contractors).
STRATEGIC COST MANAGEMENT FOR CONSTRUCTION PROJECT SUCCESS: A SYSTEMATIC STUDYcivejjour
Large construction projects are inherently complex and dynamic. Many projects start with good ideas, huge investments and great efforts. However, most of them do not achieve much success. A major contribution to unsuccessful projects is the lack of understanding on scope, time, cost and quality. Projects
as powerful strategic weapons when initiated create economic value and competitive advantage.
FACTORS PROMOTING STAKEHOLDER MANAGEMENT OF BUILDING PROJECTSIAEME Publication
The purpose of the study is to assess the factors promoting stakeholders’
management of building projects in Nigeria with a view to managing the various
interests of stakeholders on building projects. The research is a project-based study
where fifty nine building projects were sampled. The study adopted cross-sectional
research design, while research questionnaire was used to elicit information from the
project leaders of the selected building projects. Purposive sampling technique was
used to draw up the target respondents. Findings reveal stakeholders’ potential for
cooperation, the control level of engagement of stakeholders, positive stakeholder’s
interest towards the project and effective communication among stakeholders are the
most significant factors promoting stakeholders’ management in building project
delivery within the study area. The study also revealed that there is no significant
difference among project leaders on the factors promoting stakeholder’s management
of building projects in Nigeria.
Jackson Benard Kindikwili, Dr. David Aunga, PhD
Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, Nairobi, Kenya
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.6463397
Published Date: 01-April-2022
Abstract: The objective of the study on the influence of project management practices on performance of alcoholic
beverage manufacturing industry in Tanzania. The study was conducted in Tanzania Breweries Limited (TBL). It was performed based on three hypotheses which are project planning, project execution and project monitoring and evaluation which were tested on organization performance. The study was performed using explanatory
design through causality testing practices with the data being collected in the case study from 100 respondents. The facts were obtained using questionnaires which were structured. The collected results were computed in SPSS data
sheet for generating significant statistics in filling the gap. Frequency tables and percentages as descriptive statistics were generated first and described the profile of the respondents. In addition to that, correlation and
multiple regression were described to show the relationship between study variables. Findings stated that all three independent variables such as project planning, project execution and project monitoring and evaluation have positive effect and significant statistically on organization performance. This implies that organization
performance in project management practices is determined by project planning, project execution and project monitoring and evaluation. The study further recommended that it is important for the organization to have adequate project management practices to assure performance in the task undertaking for the organization.
Running head IMPLEMENTATION STRATEGIESIMPLEMENTATION STRATEGIES.docxcowinhelen
Running head: IMPLEMENTATION STRATEGIES
IMPLEMENTATION STRATEGIES 4
Implementation Strategies
Michael Boddie
Application Implementation
CMGT/445
Michael Goyden
December 11, 2017
Introduction
Project communication is very critical to the success of any project. It is also critical to key project management soft-skill. As a project manager, project communication is one deliverable that they are personally responsible for and it was of the largest influence over the failure or project success. There are main elements of project communications examples are project sponsors, customers, project team members, project manager, and project management office.
Project communication plan
The major objectives of a communication plan are; to encourage the use of project management best practices, ensure a consistent, give accurate and timely information about the project, and to promote and gain support for the project management improvements.
Table 1 below shows the target audience
Project stakeholders
Message
Delivery method
Delivery Frequency
Communicator
Project Sponsor
Project plans and status report
Meeting
Report sent via mail to project sponsor
Weekly
Project manager
Project core team
Project plans
Meeting
Weekly
Project manager
Executive management
Project briefing
Oral briefing and presentation of slides
Monthly
Biweekly
Project manager
Programmers
Project briefing
Oral briefing
Daily
Project manager
Users
Project status
Meeting and presentation slides
Weekly
Project manager
Communication message contents
A project plan shoes a guide of project execution and project control. Then document also shows approved scope of the project, the cost, and schedule. Project plans shows the current and future plans. The documents also shows project problems and issues. Project plan also shows planned project deliverables for the next period. The status report, keeps the key project stakeholders informed. It is shows status summary, status budget, status scope, accomplishment, issues, and project team members. Project briefing shows project issues and problems, it also shows goals of project management improvement, and project checklist (Project Management Institute, 2017).
Documentation Required
There are eight essential documents required for this project. First is a project charter. This document formally recognizes the project creation and the formal contract between project sponsors, project stakeholders, and commercial agreement. Project charter documents gathers aspects related to the contracting and the contacted example is the project name, the goals of the project and the needs that the project it serves. Project charter also shows a brief description of the project, feasibility study, the project products i.e. training manuals, supporting, and monitoring post release of the project. A project charter also shows the intermediate products whic ...
An Integrated Project Evaluation Tool for PFI Seaport ProjectFredy Kurniawan
The evaluation of the financial viability for seaport projects is a critical activity for bidders and governments under traditional procurement or through private finance initiative (PFI). The aim of this research is to assist government agencies in
evaluating bids and making decision efficiently for seaport development projects through the use of an integrated project evaluation tool. The proposed tool is expected to integrate the results of the financial model and the risk sharing strategy. The integrated project evaluation tool can be mutually used by the government agency and
the sponsor(s). This paper discusses the proposed tool to be tested in future study. The research strategy uses literature review, questionnaire surveys, interviews, and document analyses in order to develop the proposed tool. The tool will be tested
through case studies and experts’ opinion to validate its applicability and
effectiveness. The main conclusion of this paper is that the knowledge gap between
the sponsor(s) and the government agency can be improved if the government agency is provided with efficient tools that consider both the financial and the risk factors affecting a new project
AN INTEGRATED PROJECT EVALUATION TOOL FOR PFI SEAPORT PROJECTSFredy Kurniawan
The evaluation of the financial viability for seaport projects is a critical activity for bidders and governments under traditional procurement or through private finance initiative (PFI). The aim of this research is to assist government agencies in
evaluating bids and making decision efficiently for seaport development projects through the use of an integrated project evaluation tool. The proposed tool is expected to integrate the results of the financial model and the risk sharing strategy. The
integrated project evaluation tool can be mutually used by the government agency and the sponsor(s). This paper discusses the proposed tool to be tested in future study. The research strategy uses literature review, questionnaire surveys, interviews, and document analyses in order to develop the proposed tool. The tool will be tested through case studies and experts’ opinion to validate its applicability and effectiveness. The main conclusion of this paper is that the knowledge gap between the sponsor(s) and the government agency can be improved if the government agency is provided with efficient tools that consider both the financial and the risk factors
affecting a new project.
Running Head PROJECT MANAGEMENT METHODOLOGIES & TOOLS1PROJE.docxtodd581
Running Head: PROJECT MANAGEMENT METHODOLOGIES & TOOLS 1
PROJECT MANAGEMENT METHODOLOGIES & TOOLS 5
PROJECT MANAGEMENT METHODOLOGIES & TOOLS
Mekdes Asaminew
Rasmussen College
05/16/2020
FAQ document
What are project management tools?
These are the instruments which project managers use to plan, execute as well as manage plans in one centralized virtual location. These tools vary from team to team depending on the tasks to be performed in the project. The project management tools include; project management software, real-time instant messaging tool, knowledge base tool and file sharing tool.
What is project management software?
This is computer software which helps the project team members to collaborate during the project, plan all their activities as well as to record all the collected data.
What is a real-time instant messaging tool?
It is a tool that allows team members of a particular project to talk and video call with colleagues in real time. This tool helps improve collaboration of the team members and allows all people to collectively provide their opinions on different matters during carrying out the project.
What is knowledge base tool?
It involves a search database that allows individual to store the combined wisdom of the team members and ensures that the information is accessible to all members
What is a file sharing tool?
It is a tool which allows people to save sync and share files. It ensures that all the documents provided by team members are well stored and easily retrievable for future reference. (Bilal.et.al, 2017)
What are project management methodologies?
Project management methodologies are basically the different techniques which are used to approach a given project; every methodology of project management has its unique process and workflow. They are classified into “traditional or sequential methodologies, agile methodologies, the change management methodologies and process-based methodologies.”
What are the traditional or sequential methodologies?
These are the methods of managing a project which involve a sequence of tasks which lead to the final deliverables and project managers are required to ensure that the tasks are worked on them in a given order. The methodologies classified under this category include;
· Waterfall project management methodology; involves completing a certain task before beginning another task in a linked sequence of objects which adds up to the general goal. It is used in projects that create physical objects like building a computer.
· Critical path method; it involves prioritizing and allocating available raw materials to ensure the most crucial task is done as well as rescheduling lower priority task.
· Critical chain project management; involves a technique for putting main concentration on the needed materials.
What are agile methodologies?
These are project management methodologies which prioritize on shorter iterative cycles and flexibility. They are categorized .
PUBLIC SECTOR PROJECT MANAGEMENT PLANNING AND EFFICIENCY PROBLEMS Emils Pulmanis
Third International Scientific Conference on Project management in the Baltic Countries “Project Management Development–Practice and Perspectives”: Riga, Latvia,April 10-11,2014. Conference Proceedings. Riga: University of Latvia, 2014,337p. ISBN 978-9984-49-470-8
Tác giả sử dụng mô hình GJR-GARCH và ARDL nghiên cứu với dữ liệu chuỗi thời gian bằng phương pháp thống kê và phân tích định lượng để đánh giá các tác động trên có xem xét tính đến độ trễ và các cú sốc thông tin trên thị trường
how can I sell pi coins after successfully completing KYCDOT TECH
Pi coins is not launched yet in any exchange 💱 this means it's not swappable, the current pi displaying on coin market cap is the iou version of pi. And you can learn all about that on my previous post.
RIGHT NOW THE ONLY WAY you can sell pi coins is through verified pi merchants. A pi merchant is someone who buys pi coins and resell them to exchanges and crypto whales. Looking forward to hold massive quantities of pi coins before the mainnet launch.
This is because pi network is not doing any pre-sale or ico offerings, the only way to get my coins is from buying from miners. So a merchant facilitates the transactions between the miners and these exchanges holding pi.
I and my friends has sold more than 6000 pi coins successfully with this method. I will be happy to share the contact of my personal pi merchant. The one i trade with, if you have your own merchant you can trade with them. For those who are new.
Message: @Pi_vendor_247 on telegram.
I wouldn't advise you selling all percentage of the pi coins. Leave at least a before so its a win win during open mainnet. Have a nice day pioneers ♥️
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how to sell pi coins in all Africa Countries.DOT TECH
Yes. You can sell your pi network for other cryptocurrencies like Bitcoin, usdt , Ethereum and other currencies And this is done easily with the help from a pi merchant.
What is a pi merchant ?
Since pi is not launched yet in any exchange. The only way you can sell right now is through merchants.
A verified Pi merchant is someone who buys pi network coins from miners and resell them to investors looking forward to hold massive quantities of pi coins before mainnet launch in 2026.
I will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi merchant to trade with.
@Pi_vendor_247
If you are looking for a pi coin investor. Then look no further because I have the right one he is a pi vendor (he buy and resell to whales in China). I met him on a crypto conference and ever since I and my friends have sold more than 10k pi coins to him And he bought all and still want more. I will drop his telegram handle below just send him a message.
@Pi_vendor_247
The European Unemployment Puzzle: implications from population agingGRAPE
We study the link between the evolving age structure of the working population and unemployment. We build a large new Keynesian OLG model with a realistic age structure, labor market frictions, sticky prices, and aggregate shocks. Once calibrated to the European economy, we quantify the extent to which demographic changes over the last three decades have contributed to the decline of the unemployment rate. Our findings yield important implications for the future evolution of unemployment given the anticipated further aging of the working population in Europe. We also quantify the implications for optimal monetary policy: lowering inflation volatility becomes less costly in terms of GDP and unemployment volatility, which hints that optimal monetary policy may be more hawkish in an aging society. Finally, our results also propose a partial reversal of the European-US unemployment puzzle due to the fact that the share of young workers is expected to remain robust in the US.
Falcon stands out as a top-tier P2P Invoice Discounting platform in India, bridging esteemed blue-chip companies and eager investors. Our goal is to transform the investment landscape in India by establishing a comprehensive destination for borrowers and investors with diverse profiles and needs, all while minimizing risk. What sets Falcon apart is the elimination of intermediaries such as commercial banks and depository institutions, allowing investors to enjoy higher yields.
Empowering the Unbanked: The Vital Role of NBFCs in Promoting Financial Inclu...Vighnesh Shashtri
In India, financial inclusion remains a critical challenge, with a significant portion of the population still unbanked. Non-Banking Financial Companies (NBFCs) have emerged as key players in bridging this gap by providing financial services to those often overlooked by traditional banking institutions. This article delves into how NBFCs are fostering financial inclusion and empowering the unbanked.
Turin Startup Ecosystem 2024 - Ricerca sulle Startup e il Sistema dell'Innov...Quotidiano Piemontese
Turin Startup Ecosystem 2024
Una ricerca de il Club degli Investitori, in collaborazione con ToTeM Torino Tech Map e con il supporto della ESCP Business School e di Growth Capital
What website can I sell pi coins securely.DOT TECH
Currently there are no website or exchange that allow buying or selling of pi coins..
But you can still easily sell pi coins, by reselling it to exchanges/crypto whales interested in holding thousands of pi coins before the mainnet launch.
Who is a pi merchant?
A pi merchant is someone who buys pi coins from miners and resell to these crypto whales and holders of pi..
This is because pi network is not doing any pre-sale. The only way exchanges can get pi is by buying from miners and pi merchants stands in between the miners and the exchanges.
How can I sell my pi coins?
Selling pi coins is really easy, but first you need to migrate to mainnet wallet before you can do that. I will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi merchant to trade with.
Tele-gram.
@Pi_vendor_247
Introduction to Indian Financial System ()Avanish Goel
The financial system of a country is an important tool for economic development of the country, as it helps in creation of wealth by linking savings with investments.
It facilitates the flow of funds form the households (savers) to business firms (investors) to aid in wealth creation and development of both the parties
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how to sell pi coins at high rate quickly.DOT TECH
Where can I sell my pi coins at a high rate.
Pi is not launched yet on any exchange. But one can easily sell his or her pi coins to investors who want to hold pi till mainnet launch.
This means crypto whales want to hold pi. And you can get a good rate for selling pi to them. I will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi vendor below.
A vendor is someone who buys from a miner and resell it to a holder or crypto whale.
Here is the telegram contact of my vendor:
@Pi_vendor_247
Latino Buying Power - May 2024 Presentation for Latino CaucusDanay Escanaverino
Unlock the potential of Latino Buying Power with this in-depth SlideShare presentation. Explore how the Latino consumer market is transforming the American economy, driven by their significant buying power, entrepreneurial contributions, and growing influence across various sectors.
**Key Sections Covered:**
1. **Economic Impact:** Understand the profound economic impact of Latino consumers on the U.S. economy. Discover how their increasing purchasing power is fueling growth in key industries and contributing to national economic prosperity.
2. **Buying Power:** Dive into detailed analyses of Latino buying power, including its growth trends, key drivers, and projections for the future. Learn how this influential group’s spending habits are shaping market dynamics and creating opportunities for businesses.
3. **Entrepreneurial Contributions:** Explore the entrepreneurial spirit within the Latino community. Examine how Latino-owned businesses are thriving and contributing to job creation, innovation, and economic diversification.
4. **Workforce Statistics:** Gain insights into the role of Latino workers in the American labor market. Review statistics on employment rates, occupational distribution, and the economic contributions of Latino professionals across various industries.
5. **Media Consumption:** Understand the media consumption habits of Latino audiences. Discover their preferences for digital platforms, television, radio, and social media. Learn how these consumption patterns are influencing advertising strategies and media content.
6. **Education:** Examine the educational achievements and challenges within the Latino community. Review statistics on enrollment, graduation rates, and fields of study. Understand the implications of education on economic mobility and workforce readiness.
7. **Home Ownership:** Explore trends in Latino home ownership. Understand the factors driving home buying decisions, the challenges faced by Latino homeowners, and the impact of home ownership on community stability and economic growth.
This SlideShare provides valuable insights for marketers, business owners, policymakers, and anyone interested in the economic influence of the Latino community. By understanding the various facets of Latino buying power, you can effectively engage with this dynamic and growing market segment.
Equip yourself with the knowledge to leverage Latino buying power, tap into their entrepreneurial spirit, and connect with their unique cultural and consumer preferences. Drive your business success by embracing the economic potential of Latino consumers.
**Keywords:** Latino buying power, economic impact, entrepreneurial contributions, workforce statistics, media consumption, education, home ownership, Latino market, Hispanic buying power, Latino purchasing power.
The secret way to sell pi coins effortlessly.DOT TECH
Well as we all know pi isn't launched yet. But you can still sell your pi coins effortlessly because some whales in China are interested in holding massive pi coins. And they are willing to pay good money for it. If you are interested in selling I will leave a contact for you. Just telegram this number below. I sold about 3000 pi coins to him and he paid me immediately.
Telegram: @Pi_vendor_247
how to swap pi coins to foreign currency withdrawable.DOT TECH
As of my last update, Pi is still in the testing phase and is not tradable on any exchanges.
However, Pi Network has announced plans to launch its Testnet and Mainnet in the future, which may include listing Pi on exchanges.
The current method for selling pi coins involves exchanging them with a pi vendor who purchases pi coins for investment reasons.
If you want to sell your pi coins, reach out to a pi vendor and sell them to anyone looking to sell pi coins from any country around the globe.
Below is the contact information for my personal pi vendor.
Telegram: @Pi_vendor_247
how can I sell my pi coins for cash in a pi APPDOT TECH
You can't sell your pi coins in the pi network app. because it is not listed yet on any exchange.
The only way you can sell is by trading your pi coins with an investor (a person looking forward to hold massive amounts of pi coins before mainnet launch) .
You don't need to meet the investor directly all the trades are done with a pi vendor/merchant (a person that buys the pi coins from miners and resell it to investors)
I Will leave The telegram contact of my personal pi vendor, if you are finding a legitimate one.
@Pi_vendor_247
#pi network
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#money
1. International Journal of Economics and Finance; Vol. 8, No. 11; 2016
ISSN 1916-971X E-ISSN 1916-9728
Published by Canadian Center of Science and Education
167
Factors Affecting ODA Project Performance: The Case of Urban
Railway Projects in Vietnam
Tran Dinh Nam1,2
, Dang Ngọc Duc1
& Nguyen Van Duy3
1
National Economics University, Hanoi, Vietnam
2
Hanoi Metropolitan Railway Management Board, Hanoi, Vietnam
3
Viet Nam Quantitative Analysis Join Stock Company, Hanoi, Vietnam
Correspondence: Tran Dinh Nam, Organization & Training Division - Hanoi Metropolitan Railway Management
Board, No. 8 Ho Xuan Huong Street, Hai Ba Trung District, Ha Noi City, Viet Nam. E-mail:
trandinhnam77@gmail.com
Received: August 16, 2016 Accepted: September 29, 2016 Online Published: October 25, 2016
doi:10.5539/ijef.v8n11p167 URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijef.v8n11p167
Abstract
This research aimed to develop and varify a model assessing factors affecting ODA project performance. The
research adopted qualitative methods (one-on-one discussion, group discussion, 2-round expert network
interview) to develop models and used quantitative methods (Cronbach Alpha test, EFA, CFA, and SEM) to
varify the model. Research findings from 212 officers and staffs involved in urban railway projects in Vietnam
showed that three factors among six factors that directly affected project performance were (1) management
capacity; (2) adaptability and (3) financial capacity. Factors such as organization ability and risk management did
not show an obvious influence on project performance.
Keywords: ODA, effective project management capacity, adaptability, financial capacity
1. Introduction
Official development assistance (ODA) plays an important role in socio-economic development of the less
developed and developing countries. ODA is a source of additional investment funds, focusing on the
development of basic infrastructure and other long-term development goals. Studies on the effectiveness of ODA
utilization often focused on the assessment of its impacts on the economy (Hansen & Tarp, 2001; Karras, 2006),
studies in Vietnam often focused on attracting ODA for the development of industries or localities (Nguyen Ngoc
Vu, 2010; Ha Thi Thu, 2014). These studies were often specialized reports on assessment of ODA attration and
utilization to devise solutions to attract ODA funds for industries or localities without focusing on the aspect of
project management. Therefore, the current lack of studies that systematically assess factors affecting the
performance in terms of project implementation. Therefore, this study was conducted to (1) establish a model
and measurement indicators of project performance and influencing factors; (2) varify the model through
research data in on-going urban railway projects in Hanoi.
2. Research Overview
2.1 The Concept of ODA
ODA began to take shape after World War II with the US Marshall Plan to assist allies. To the 1970s, United
Nations General Assembly recommended the donor countries spend 0.7% of their GNP as grant sources for poor
and developing countries. Definitions of ODA may differ on the wording but are agreed on the fact that ODA is
the development assisstance resources with at least 25% of non-repayable funds. For example, the World Bank
(WB) defined “ODA is a part of official development finance with non-refundable factor plus concessional loan
which accounts for at least 25% of total funding, then termed ODA” (WB, 2001). Thus, ODA can be seen as
supporting funds for intergovernmental or transnational organizations, or foreign governments characterized by
concessional and refundable or non-refundable, in which the non-refundable funds must account for at least
25%.
2.2 ODA Project Performance and Affecting Factors
Performance is generally understood as the use of resources to achieve optimal goals. Research in business
2. ijef.ccsenet.org International Journal of Economics and Finance Vol. 8, No. 11; 2016
168
defined the concept of performance is to achieve strategic goals (Cyert & March, 1992; Hult et al., 2004, Keh et
al., 2007). Similarly, project performance can also be seen as the achievement of project goals. From the angle of
project implementation, performance could be seen as the overall effectiveness of each component. Important
issues of the project performance always are: (1) quality; (2) progress; (3) costs and (4) other objectives.
Therefore, in this study we defined: “The performance of ODA fund utilization is to achieve objectives of all
components involved in project implementation, achieve strategic objectives of each component in terms of
quality of work, costs, schedule and other objectives.”
There are a lot of factors that influence ODA project performance depending on diffent evaluation angles. From
the angle of project implementation, there are six main factors affecting performance including (1) financial
capacity; (2) organization capacity (3) operating capacity (4) adaptability and (5) risk management. In which:
Financial capacity: The ability in financial administration, creation of funds and financial flows to ensure works.
Ensuring good financial capacity is an important factor affecting the performance results (Baral, 2005; Kouser et
al., 2011).
Organization capacity: The ability to coordinate and combine implemtation activities to achieve the set
objectives. The quality of organization and coordination is seen as a factor affecting implementation results
(Becker & Gerhart, 1996). Besides, the quality of activity connection may also affect performance outcomes
(Walter et al., 2006).
Management capacity: Is the management ability of leaders over subordinate units. Leaders’ good management
inspires employees, creates links and control over work implementation. In relation to work implementation
quality, management capacity has impacts on performance outcomes or the performance of the organization
(Krasnikov & Jayachandran, 2008).
Adaptability: The ability to organize and coordinate to re-format resources to meet environmental changes
(Zahra et al., 2006; Zhou & Li, 2010). Adaptability affects the viability and growth of the organization (Zhou &
Li, 2010).
Risk management capacity: Is the anticipation and response to the risks incurred during project implementation
(Ward & Chaman, 2003; Larson & Gray, 2011). Project risk management can be done through the forecast of
potential project mishaps, from which appropriate decisions are taken to avoid or minimize potential damages to
the project.
3. Research Methodology
3.1 Development of Research Models and Hypotheses
To set up research model, the author used in-depth method by unstructured interviews (Suanders et al., 2007;
Cresswell, 2009). The experts selected were esearchers and managers having participated in the research,
management and implementation of ODA projects. Topics for discussion focused on two groups of aspects (1)
the concept of ODA utilization performance in terms of management and (2) factors affecting project
performance.
The results after conducting interviews with 10 different experts came to an agreement that in terms of
management, project implementation performance is to achieve objectives set out in all components involved in
the project regarding quality, schedule, cost, and other objectives. Regarding the group of factors affecting
project implementation performance, experts have quite different opinions. After the assessment and screening,
these can be aggregated into six main groups include: (1) financial capacity; (2) organization ability (3)
management capacity (4) adaptability and (5) risk management. Research models were proposed as follows:
3. ijef.ccsenet.org International Journal of Economics and Finance Vol. 8, No. 11; 2016
169
Figure 1. Research model
Research hypothesis
Financial capacity of the entities involved in the project in terms of administration capacity, creation of funds
and financial flows for the implementation of relevant works. Ensuring good financial capacity showed effects
on work performance results (Baral, 2005; Kouser et al., 2011). Therefore, this research proposed the hypothesis:
H1: Financial capacity factor had positive impacts on project performance.
Organization ability was the capacity regarding coordination and connection of activities to achieve set
objectives. The quality of coordination and connection among activities showed impacts on performance results
(Becker & Gerhart, 1996; Walter et al., 2006). Therefore, this research proposed the hypothesis:
H2: The factor of organization ability had positive impacts on project implementation performance.
Management capacity was the inspiring, creating connection and control over the implementation of works
directed from leaders. In relation to the work performance quality, management capacity had impacts on the
performance results or the performance of organizations (Krasnikov & Jayachandran, 2008). Therefore, this
research proposed the hypothesis:
H3: The factor of management capacity had positive impacts on project performance.
Adaptability was the ability to coordinate and format resources to meet the changes of the external environment
(Zahra et al., 2006; Zhou & Li, 2010). For ODA projects, adaptability is the ability to manage when facing
potential impacts on implementation quality, schedule and costs. In other words, good adaptability can improve
project implementation. Therefore, this research proposed the hypothesis:
H4: Adaptability factor had positive impacts on project performance.
Risk management is the anticipation and response to potential risks during project implementation (Ward &
Chaman, 2003; Larson & Gray, 2011). Good risk management ability could help engaged entities control work
implementation even in case of incidents. Therefore, this research proposed the hypothesis:
H5: Risk management factor had positive impacts on project performance.
3.2 Development of Scales
To set up scales (observed variables) for each factor in the model we use various methods. First, semi-structured
interviews with oriented questions were used. The research used both one-on-one discussion forms and focus
group discussions. To obtain our first draft, we prepared a list of 20 experts who were able to participate in the
study. Among which, 10 experts were expected to join discussions and 10 experts were spare for the event that
some expert left the research or in case the interview with original experts did not reached “information
breakpoint”. Each expert was requested to offer up to three different aspects to evaluate a factor. Experts were in
turns interviewed and the interview will stop when three consecutive experts did not add new aspects. This point
was considered data saturation point. The results after screening overlapping opinions, irrational aspects we
obtained initial draft questionnaire of 32 measurement indicators for the six factors in the model. This was
followed by a group discussion with a group of 10 potential investigation objects for initial adjustment of
semantic wording of questions.
Secondly, after having initial set of questions to assess the consistency of our measurement indicators, we used
Financial capacity
Organization capacity
Management capacity
Risk management
Adaptability
Project performance
H1
H2
H5
H4
H3
4. ijef.ccsenet.org International Journal of Economics and Finance Vol. 8, No. 11; 2016
170
the assessment method of two- round expert network (Chu & Hwang, 2008). Draft questionnaire was evaluated
in terms of the level of importance of measurement indicators through a expert network consisting of 07 experts
(taken from original 20 experts). These aspects were evaluated by a scale of 5 in which 1 was not important and
5 was very important in two different points of time for the same expert. The indicators retained must ensure a
high level of importance through average assessment scores of experts (3.5) and the degree of opinion uniformity
as well as the level of consistency among replies of the same expert (not exceeding 15%). By the results after
interviewing by two-round expert network, we collected 29 indicators to assess the factors in the model. In
which:
Financial capacity factor of the entities involved in the project were evaluated through five observed variables
including:
1). The unit having sufficient funds to execute project works.
2). Progress of funds transfer and disbursement to perform works up to the set plan.
3). Funds suppliers for the project always ensuring the safety level of project funding.
4). The unit being able to manage funds to carry out project-related tasks.
5). Always ensuring project liquidity when implementing project-related works.
The factor of organization ability were evaluated by five indicators, including:
1). Components coordinating well during project implementation.
2). Structures of project implementation components reasonably arranged.
3). Functions of each component implementing the project clearly described.
4). Procedures for works coordination during project implementation open and transparent.
5). Convenient work implementation process of the entity.
The factor of management capacity was assessed by six observed variables including:
1). Leaders in the entity being capable of inspiring employees.
2). Leaders in the entity capable of directing work implementation well.
3). Leaders in the entity closely monitoring works.
4). Leaders always participating in solving problems during work implementation in the entity.
5). Leaders in the entity being capable of binding members.
6). Leaders in the entity always monitoring work results of each department.
Adaptability factor was evaluated by observing six variables included:
1). The entity always having coordination plans for ensuring work progress.
2). The entity having solutions to delayed disbursement.
3). The entity actively adjusting plans to match with each project implementation stage.
4). The entity being proactive when facing changes of mechanisms and policies during project
implementation.
5). The entity well coordinating with other when changes happened during project implementation process.
6). The unit being flexible to control work quality in his departments.
Factors of project risk management were evaluated by three observed variables include:
1). The entity having built scenarios of potential risks during project implementation.
2). Units having options to resolve problems during project implementation.
3). The unit having insurance policies for the implementation of project-related tasks.
Project performance was assessed by four observed variables include:
1). Components of works related to the entities during project implementation always ensuring
implementation schedules.
2). The work quality of the entity related to the project implementation being always ensured good.
3). The implementation costs of project-related works of the unit not exceeding the estimate.
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171
4). In general, works related to the entity during project implementation process always achieving set
objectives.
3.3 Sampling and Data Collection Methods
Investigation subjects of the research were the entities involved in two ong-going urban railway projects in
Hanoi, i.e. Ha Dong - Cat Linh and Nhon - Hanoi Railway Station including management agencies and
contractors (consultancy and construction). Identified sample size of 200 reached the level of moderate following
the rule of Comrey and Lee (1992). We used investigation method by issuing printed questionnaires to potential
respondents. The sample was divided into two phases: (1) the first phase to preliminarily assess the research
scale, we investigated 100 samples; the second phase after turning away the invalid variables, we would continue
to investigate full sample size. The result was that 250 questionaire notes were delivered at both stages, 212 valid
notes were collected for formal analysis (Table 1):
Table 1. Research sample
Classification criteria No. of people investigated (percentage)
Project
Cat Linh - Ha Dong 151(71.2%)
Nhon – Hanoi Railway Station 61(28.8%)
Involved Divisions
Project Management Units 23(10.8%)
Contractors 189(89.2%)
Position
Indirect 40(18.9%)
Direct 172(81.1%)
3.4 Data Analysis Methods
Sample size in the first phase (n = 97) was preliminarily assessed by Cronbach Alpha coefficients, corrected
item-total correlation and exploratory factor analysis with criteria as follows: Cronbach’s alpha larger than 0.6
(Hair et al., 2006), the total variable correlation greater than 0.3 (Nunally & Burstein, 1994); exploratory factor
analysis with KMO larger than 0.5, p-Bartlet test with p-value <0.05, explained variance larger than 50% (Hair
et al., 2006). The analysis confirmed that factors were used to evaluate the convergence value, differentiated
value and compatibility of the model with formal survey data. The research hypothesis was verified by analyzing
the linear structure model at the significance level of 5%. The model was seen as achieving compatibility as:
Chi-square / df <3, CFI, TLI; IFI> 0.9, RMSEA <0.08 (Hair et al., 2006; Hooper et al., 2008; Kline, 2011).
Weighting factors larger than 0.5 were considered convergence validity, the correlation between factors smaller
than 1 was considered Discriminant Validity (Steekamp & Van Trijp, 1991).
4. Findings
4.1 Results of Preliminary Scale Assessment
Analysis results with preliminary samples (n = 97) showed that the research concept after eliminating variables
with factor loading coefficient smaller than 0.3 had reached the necessary reliability (Cronbach Alpha
coefficients greater than 0.6). Exploratory factor analysis indicated that scales were unidirectional and used
exploratory factor analysis consistent with research data. KMO coefficients were larger than 0.5, Bartlett’s test
had statistical significance, the total variance explained (TVE) was larger than 50%, weighting factors were
larger than 0.5 (Table 2):
Table 2. Preliminary assessment results of scales
Factor
Cronbach Alpha (no.
of observed variables)
Smallest item-total
correlation
KMO p-value TVE (%)
Financial capacity 0.814(4) 0.496 0.713 0.000 64%
Organization ability 0.896(5) 0.656 0.855 0.000 71%
Management capacity 0.833(6) 0.603 0.829 0.000 64%
Adaptability 0.845(4) 0.513 0.782 0.000 69%
Risk management 0.751(3) 0.482 0.657 0.000 63%
Project performance 0.816(4) 0.510 0.733 0.000 65%
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4.2 Results of Scale Value Assessment
Analysis of the ultimate model with official samples (n = 212) obtaining the coefficients Chi-square/df = 1,873
smaller than 3, CFI = 0.922, TLI = 0.911; IFI = 0.921 larger than 0.9, RMSEA = 0.064 smaller than 0.08
indicated that the model fitted with actual data. The weighting factors larger than 0.5 indicated that factors
achieved convergence validity, the correlation between the variables smaller than 1 indicated that the factors
were of discreminant validity. Total reliability larger than 0.7 and average variance extracted larger than 50%
indicated the factors achieved necessary reliability (Table 3).
Table 3. Assessment results of scales
Factor No. of variables Mean (Standard Deviation) Range loadings Total reliability AVE
Financial capacity 4 3.336(0.840) 0.693 - 0.904 0.895 68%
Organization ability 5 3.387(0.901) 0.770 - 0.910 0.917 69%
Management capacity 6 3.490(0.793) 0.706 - 0.825 0.879 55%
Adaptability 4 3.039(0.801) 0.659 - 0.854 0.856 60%
Risk management 3 3.901(1.043) 0.782 - 0.872 0.856 66%
Project performance 4 3.421(0.809) 0.719 - 0.810 0.839 57%
4.3 The Results of Analysis by a Structural Model and Research Hypothesis Testing
Analysis results by linear structural model showed that the model fitted the actual data: Chi - square / df = 2.279
<3; CFI = 0.934; TLI = 0.921; IFI = 0.934 larger than 0.9; RMSEA = 0.078 smaller 0.08 (Figure 2).
Figure 2. Analysis results of SEM model (standardized)
The estimation results showed that factors of financial capacity, management capacity and adaptability had
positive impacts on project performance (p-value <0.05); The factor of organization ability, leadership vision,
and risk management showed no impact on project performance (p-value> 0.05) (Table 4). In other words,
accepted the hypothesis H1, H3, H4, and rejected the hypothesis H2 and H5. Among the factors that affected
project performance, management capacity factor had the greatest impact (βmanagementcapacity = 0.427) followed by
adaptability (βadaptabililty = 0.402) and the factor of financial capacity had the lowest (βfinancialcapcity = 0.267) (Table 5).
Table 4. Verification results of research hypotheses
Hypothesis Variable relation Standardized coefficient p-value Conclusion
H1 Financial capacity Project performance 0.267 0.000 Accept
H2 Organization capacity Project performance 0.028 0.774 Reject
H3 Management capacity Project performance 0.427 0.000 Accept
H4 Adaptability Project performance 0.402 0.000 Accept
H5 Risk management Project Performance -0.028 0.734 Reject
Financial capacity
Organization ability
Management capacity
Risk management
Adaptability
Project performance
0.402
0.427
Statistically significant
Not statistically significant
Significance level 0.05
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5. Discussion and Research Implications
Research developed and tested a model for assessing impacts of factors on ODA project performance in Vietnam.
These concepts were developed and tested to show the reliability and value. This showed the relevance of the
model in terms of both theory and empirical data. The measurement indicators were developed to provide criteria
for evaluating operation capacity of stakeholders in project implementation. These scales can also help
management agencies and researchers to measure, evaluate key factors affecting project performance, not only
ODA projects.
Research results recorded three out of six factors included in the model having impacts on the project
performance were (1) management capacity; (2) adaptability, and (3) financial capacity. This showed that during
implementation phase, the completion of works under the project depended heavily on the management capacity
of involved entities; adaptability to changes during implementation; and financial capacity of entities involved.
Within the context of the project implementation phase, this is quite understandable. It is because during this
stage, the ability to inspire, direct and closely follow the works, and participating in resolving difficulties
encountered from subordinates, the ability to bind and regularly monitoring employees’results can help to
monitor the progress, quality and control costs better. The entities involved during project implementation were
always faced with uncertain risks. Therefore the ability to adapt, manage flexibly and quickly can help entities
achieve goals. Financial capacity was also seen as an important factor in the implementation stage because
money is necessary in all project-related works, Therefore, strong financial capacity of the units involved in
projects could affect implementation progress and quality of works performed. These suggested that, for ODA
projects during implementation stage, entities participating in the project from employers to contractors must pay
attention to the management capacity, adaptability and strong financial capacity.
The research also noted that the performance of urban railway projects was assessed at low average level (3.42).
Factors affecting project performance were not assessed at the highest score in terms of management capacity
factor (3.49) and the lowest in adaptatability (3.03). This was quite consistent with the actual implementation
status of urban railway projects in Hanoi today when all the projects are delayed in progress with a number of
incidents occur during implementation, especially at Cat Linh - Ha Dong project funded by Chinese ODA and
constructed by Chinese contractors. This information also required the Employer together with involved entities
to focus on improving their management capacity when participating in the project.
Overall, this research has achieved its initial goals to develop and test a model to assess factors affecting ODA
project performance during implementation phase. However, besides achieved results, there still remained
weaknesses. Firstly, this was the first study to develop models and assessment scales for factors affecting project
performance in Vietnam. Secondly, the sample size was relatively small in both research phases that could affect
the generalizability of the research. Therefore, further studies could expand the sample size and continue
finalizing and testing scales for the next study.
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