Factor influencing the diseases conditions
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This document discusses factors that influence diseases and conditions. It identifies four main components of factors: predisposing factors which increase susceptibility; enabling factors which facilitate manifestation; precipitating factors associated with disease onset; and reinforcing factors which aggravate disease presence. It also discusses important host factors like sex, age, nutritional status, and genetic makeup that influence exposure, susceptibility, or response to agents. Age is linked to increased risk of various diseases, and children under 5 are most vulnerable to infectious diseases due to immature immune systems. Sex also influences disease susceptibility. Nutritional status and genetic makeup further determine disease risk.
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This document discusses the natural history of disease and fetal origins of adult disease. It provides background on how diseases progress over time without treatment and the importance of understanding this progression. It then discusses the theory that nutritional deprivation of the fetus during critical periods of development can force adaptations that become maladaptive when faced with different postnatal nutritional circumstances, potentially leading to adult health disorders. Factors like low birth weight, infant growth, and prenatal exposures are associated with increased risk of adult obesity, cardiovascular disease, and other issues. The document emphasizes that fetal development can permanently affect body structure and function in ways that manifest as disease later in life.
Invitation to peter jones on epigenetics
The document is an announcement for a public lecture by Professor Peter Jones on the topic of epigenetics and how it links genes to the environment and influences health and disease. Epigenetics governs how DNA is packaged and genes are expressed, and can be influenced by environmental factors with long-term health effects. Changes to epigenetics can even be passed on to future generations, so a mother's diet during pregnancy can impact her child's disease risk later in life. The lecture will discuss how epigenetics explains diseases beyond simple genetics and its role in conditions like cancer, diabetes and mental health.
Natural history of disease
The document discusses the natural history of disease, which refers to the progress of a disease process in an individual over time without medical intervention. It begins with exposure to disease factors and can end in recovery, disability, or death. The natural history involves complex interactions between the host, agent/cause, and environment. Understanding the disease process progression is important for applying preventive measures. Different levels of prevention, from primordial to tertiary, can intervene at various stages of the natural history to slow or stop the disease process.
Genetic Tests for Health Purposes
The leaflet aims at providing general objective information on genetic tests, including their nature and the potential implications of their results. It presents the different types of tests available, their applications in the medical field and the extent and limit of the significance of the information resulting from these tests.
More information - www.coe.int/bioethics
Roles of genetic and environmental factors in disease causation
This document discusses the roles of genetic and environmental factors in disease causation. It presents Dever's epidemiological model, which categorizes factors affecting disease into human biology, lifestyle, environment, and health systems. Diseases can develop from complex interactions between these factors over time, like links in a chain. The document then covers the role of genetic factors like single-gene disorders, chromosomal abnormalities, and high/low heritability multi-factorial diseases. Environmental factors influencing health are also examined, including biological, physical, chemical, and occupational exposures. Learning family health histories and creating healthy environments can help prevent disease.
Causes & prevention of disabilities
Disabilities can occur at any age and for various reasons, and are defined as impairments, limitations in activities, or restrictions in participation. Causes of disabilities include both prenatal factors like genetic disorders, infections, or environmental exposures during pregnancy, as well as perinatal and postnatal causes such as prematurity, injuries, or illnesses. Prevention strategies aim to identify risks early through preconception counseling, prenatal screening, and newborn screening in order to provide early treatment or rehabilitation interventions that can reduce disabilities.
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Factor influencing the diseases conditions
- 1. FACTOR INFLUENCING THE DISEASES CONDITIONS BY SAKSHI JAIN
- 2. FACTOR Something that helps to produce or influence a result or a disease. Risk factor Something that increases a person’s chances of developing a disease. E.g. Smoking is a risk factor for lung cancer
- 3. Components of Factor PREDISPOSING FACTOR Which increases the level of susceptibility in host. E.g Age, immune status ENABLING FACTOR Which facilitate manifestation of a disease. E.g Nutrition
- 4. Component of factor PRECIPITATING FACTOR Which are associated with the definitive onset of disease, e.g infectious agent. REINFORCING FACTOR Which tend to aggravate the presence of a disease. e.g. Repeated exposure to agent in absence of an immune response
- 5. Host Factors These are intrinsic factors which influences an individual’s exposure, susceptibility or response to an agent. 1. SEX/GENDER 2. AGE 3. NUTRITIONAL STATUS 4. GENETIC MAKEUP
- 6. AGE NEURODEGENERATIVE DISEASES (PARKINSON,ALZEIMER) CORONARY HEART DISEASES, HYPERTENSION OSTEOARTHIRITIS METABOLIC DISEASE EYE DISEASES SKIN AGEING
- 8. Children are at a greater risk of infections from serious enteric viral illness than adults because they don’t have fully developed immune system. Children under 5 are especially vulnerable to infectious diseases like malaria, pneumonia, diarrhoea, HIV
- 9. SEX FEMALE MALE Ovarian Cancer Prostate Cancer Heart disease Parkinson's disease Osteoporosis Anaemia These above disease are not particularly for any gender, according to different surveys men and women have different succeptibility for different diseases like above.
- 10. NUTRITIONAL STATUS Healthy diet which is rich in essential nutrients not only helps you to be healthy but also keep you away from many diseases. Poor diet generally lacks essential nutrients, which causes nutritional deficiencies.
- 11. GENETIC MAKEUP Genotype refers to the genetic makeup of an organism; in other words, it describes an organism's complete set of genes. A genetic disease is any disease caused by an abnormality in the genetic makeup of an individual. Multifactorial genetic inheritance disorders Different genes that influence breast cancer susceptibility have been found on chromosomes 6, 11, 13, 14, 15, 17, and 22. Some common chronic diseases are multifactorial disorders. Multifactorial inheritance is also called complex or polygenic inheritance. Multifactorial inheritance disorders are caused by a combination of environmental factors and mutations in multiple genes Chromosomal abnormalities Down synsdrome, Turner syndrome
- 12. References