1. F4 Textbook pg 81
Pg 57. 2.
a. i. X is a transition element. X is
2. able to
a. Chemical Formula is a a. form colour compounds or
representation of a chemical substance ions
using letters for atoms and subscript b. form complex ions
numbers c. form ions with different
oxidation numbers
Examples : d. X or compounds of X is
able act as catalyst
Substance Chemical Formula
Water H2O
Oxygen O2 ii.
Copper (II) CuSO4 W Y
sulphate Shiny surface Dull surface
Can conduct Cannot conduct
b. Chemical Formula shows the elements electricity electricity
and numbers of each type of atoms
that are present in the substance. iii. Chemical test
Chemical Formula (molecular 1. Cut a small piece of W using a
formula) of ethane is C2H6 shows knife and forceps.
that 2. Dry the oil found on the
i. ethane is made up of carbon surface of W with a piece of
and hydrogen elements ; filter paper.
ii. there are 2 carbon atoms and 6 3. Put the piece of W, slowly and
hydrogen atoms in each ethane carefully into a basin filled
molecule. with water.
c.. Chalcopyrite, CuFeS2 4. When the reaction stops, test
Relative formula mass the solution produced with red
= 64+56+32x2 litmus paper.
= 184 5. Record your observation.
64 6. Put a small piece of Y into 5
% of Cu = x 100 %
184 cm3 of distilled water in a test
= tube.
7. Close the test tube with a
d. i. Empirical Formula of a compound stopper and shake vigorously
shows the simplest whole number until no further changes occur.
ratio of number of atoms of each 8. Put a piece of blue litmus paper
element in the compound. into the solution formed.
ii. Refer to notes (page 5) 9. Record your observation.
Substance Observation
W Red litmus turn
blue
Y Blue litmus turn
red then turn white

2. Pg 95 5. Repeat step 1 to 4 using
2. tetrachlomethane to replace water as
a. Four differences between solvent.
properties of ionic compound and
covalent compound :
Solubility in
Ionic compound Covalent compound Substance water Tetrachloro-
consists of ions. consists of neutral methane
molecules. P Yes No
Has high melting Has low melting and Q No Yes
and boiling point. boiling point.
Soluble in water, Soluble in organic
C: To compare the electrical
but insoluble in solvents but
organic solvents. insoluble in water. conductivity
can conduct Not able to conduct
electricity in electricity. 1. Fill a crucible with P powder until
aqueous or molten it is half-filled.
state. 2. Put 2 carbon rods into P powder
and connect the carbon rods to 2
A: To compare the melting point batteries , a switch and an ammeter
1. Half-filled a beaker with water. with connecting wire
Heat the water until it boils. 3. Turn on the switch. Observe and
2. Fill 1/3 of a boiling tube with P record whether the ammeter shows
powder and put a thermometer into a deflection.
it. 4. Turn off the switch.
3. Suspend the boiling tube into the 5. Heat the P powder strongly until it
boiling water . melts completely.
4. Observe and record the changes in 6. Turn on the switch again. Observe
physical state of P. and record whether the ammeter
5. Repeat the experiment using Q shows a deflection.
powder to replace P. 7. repeat the experiment using Q
powder to replace P powder.
Substance Observation
P No change Observation
Substance
Q Solid Q melts to solid Molten
become liquid P No Deflection
Q No No
B: To compare the solubility
1. Put ½ spatula of P powder in 20
cm3 of water in a boiling tube.
2. Close the test tube with a stopper and
shake the test tube until no further
changes occur.
3. Observe and record the solubility of
P powder in water.
4. Repeat step 1 to step 3 using Q
powder to replace P powder.