Conradie, P. & Choenni, S., 2012. Exploring Process Barriers to Release Public Sector Information in Local Government. In 6th International Conference on Theory and Practice of Electronic Governance, Albany. NY. Albany, New York, pp. 5–13.

1. Exploring Process Barriers
to Release Public Sector Information in Local
Government
Peter Conradie Sunil Choenni
Creating 010, Research & Documentation Centre,
Rotterdam University of Applied Sciences, Ministry of Security and Justice
P.O. Box 3001 HA Rotterdam P.O. Box 20301 2500 EH The Hague
The Netherlands The Netherlands
003110 794 4801 0031648100301
p.d.conradie@hr.nl r.choenni@hr.nl

2. Background
Approach
Observations
Indicators
Lessons Learned

3. Increased calls for data release
President Barack Obama1
European Commission2
Euro Commissioner Neelie Kroes3
Former Dutch Home Affairs Minister4
1. Obama, B. (2009). Transparency and Open Government | The White House. Retrieved April 10, 2012, from http://
www.whitehouse.gov/the_press_office/Transparency_and_Open_Government
2. European Commission (2003) “Communication of the Re-use of Public Sector Information – Review of Directive 2003/98/EC”
3. Public data for all – opening up Europe’s public sector: 2011. http://blogs.ec.europa.eu/neelie-kroes/public-data-for-all-–- opening-
up-europes-public-sector/. Accessed: 2012-04-10.
4. Donner, 2011. Betreft Hergebruik en Open Data: naar betere vindbaarheid en herbruikbaarheid van overheidsinformatie. , pp.1-9.

4. Several thresholds to release
Judicial, Internal, Financial, Social Cultural,
Technical1
1. Huijboom, N. and Broek, T.V.D. 2011. Open data: an international comparison of strategies. European Journal of ePractice. 12,
April (2011), 1–13.

5. Several thresholds to release
Fragmentation, findability of data1,2
1. Boulton, G., Rawlins, M., Vallance, P. and Walport, M. 2011. Science as a public enterprise: the case for open data. The Lancet.
2. McLaren, R. and Waters, R. 2011. Governing Location Information in the UK. Cartographic Journal, The. 48, 3 (2011), 7.

6. Several thresholds to release
Financial losses due to (European) cost recovery
model1
1. Weiss, P. 2002. Borders in Cyberspace : Conflicting Public Sector Information Policies and their Economic Impacts. Federal
Register. February 2002 (2002).

7. Several thresholds to release
Privacy of citizens1, combining sets revealing
identity2,3
1. Warner, J. and Chun, S.A. 2008. A Citizen Privacy Protection Model for E-Government Mashup Services. Proceedings of the 2008
international conference on Digital government research (2008), 188–196.
2. Kalidien, S., Choenni, S. and Meijer, R. 2010. Crime statistics online: potentials and challenges. Proceedings of the 11th Annual
International Conference on Digital Government Research (2010), 131–137.
3. Ohm, P. 2009. Broken Promises of Privacy: Responding to the Surprising Failure of Anonymization. Social Science Research
Network. 57, 6 (2009), 1–64.

8. Looking at processbarriers
Which processes influence data release?
How does the way in which data is store impact
release?
Biggest thresholds based how data is used
internally?

9. Approach
Consortium with 4 public service departments
Library
City Works
City Development
Archive

10. Approach
Consortium with 4 public service departments
Library (data central to task)
City Works (maintain public objects)
City Development (execute development policy)
Archive (catalogue, service delivery)

11. Approach
Initial workshop (n=6)
Desk research
Questionnaire (n=61)
In-depth structured interviews (n=11)
Additional workshop (n=8)
Follow up workshop (n=6)

12. Approach
Initial workshop (n=6)
Desk research
Questionnaire (n=61)
In-depth structured interviews (n=11)
Additional workshop (n=8)
Follow up workshop (n=6)
+ continual release of data for re-use in education

14. Observations

15. Observations
Fear of false conclusions
• Unfinished policy documents
• Non-domain experts interpreting data wrongly

16. Observations
Financial Effects of PSI release
• Infrastructure needs investment – lack of clear
ROI
• Cost recovery model

17. Observations
Opaque ownership
• Where is the data located?
• Who owns it?

18. Indicators for data release?

19. Indicators for data release
4 indicators:
• Way the data is used internally
• Source of the data
• Data storage
• Data types

20. Themes City City Works Library City Archive
Development
Use of data Execute
development policy.
Source of data Externally
gathered
Data storage Decentralized
Suitability of Medium:
data for release combination of
personally
identifiable
information, live
sensor data and
object data.
Data released None
Biggest threshold Decentralized
data storage and
internal data
management
processes.

21. Themes City City Works Library City Archive
Development
Use of data Execute Maintain public Support core Enhance services,
development policy. objects, producing services, internally catalogue objects
geographical and externally
products.
Source of data Externally Internally Internally Metadata
gathered produced produced through internally created,
services processes artefacts externally
and externally supplied
bought
Data storage Decentralized Central Central Central (meta
data only)
Suitability of Medium: High: many sets Low: data High: data not
data for release combination of related to public personally personally
personally objects, non- identifiable or identifiable and
identifiable personal. subject to copyright owned by the
information, live Archive
sensor data and
object data.
Data released None Object data of Book metadata Search API of
public artefacts archive metadata
Biggest threshold Decentralized No legal Personally Costs associated
data storage and framework for the identifiable data, with digitalization
internal data supply of data, uncertain of archive artefacts.
management commercial organizational
processes. interests. status, copyright.

22. Themes City City Works Library City Archive
Development
Use of data Execute Maintain public Support core Enhance services,
development policy. objects, producing services, internally catalogue objects
geographical and externally
products.
Source of data Externally Internally Internally Metadata
gathered produced produced through internally created,
services processes artefacts externally
and externally supplied
bought
Data storage Decentralized Central Central Central (meta
data only)
Suitability of Medium: High: many sets Low: data High: data not
data for release combination of related to public personally personally
personally objects, non- identifiable or identifiable and
identifiable personal. subject to copyright owned by the
information, live Archive
sensor data and
object data.
Data released None Object data of Book metadata Search API of
public artefacts archive metadata
Biggest threshold Decentralized No legal Personally Costs associated
data storage and framework for the identifiable data, with digitalization
internal data supply of data, uncertain of archive artefacts.
management commercial organizational
processes. interests. status, copyright.

23. Lessons Learned?

24. Lessons Learned
Nuanced approach

25. Lessons Learned
Data release for its own sake?

26. Lessons Learned
Scale important

27. rotterdamopendata.nl
Peter Conradie Sunil Choenni
Creating 010, Research & Documentation Centre,
Rotterdam University of Applied Sciences, Ministry of Security and Justice
P.O. Box 3001 HA Rotterdam P.O. Box 20301 2500 EH The Hague
The Netherlands The Netherlands
003110 794 4801 0031648100301
p.d.conradie@hr.nl r.choenni@hr.nl
Dit project is mede gefinancierd met steun
van het Europees Fonds voor Regionale
Ontwikkeling van de Europese Commissie