In Python, exceptions are events that disrupt the normal execution flow of a program, often caused by code errors, invalid user input, device failures, or arithmetic errors. Exception handling is crucial for distinguishing between normal and erroneous outcomes, separating error-handling logic from main code, and ensuring stability in multi-threaded applications. Python provides mechanisms like try-except blocks to manage exceptions and handle different error types effectively.

1. Exception Handling
in Python

2. What is an Exception?
In Python, an exception is an event
that occurs during the execution of a
program that disrupts the normal
flow of the program's instructions.
Why exceptions occur in
programs?
Code errors: A software engineer may make a mistake, such as
using a null resource or passing the wrong parameter to a function
Invalid user input: The user may input something that is invalid
or unacceptable
Device failure: A system failure can occur, which is a run-time
error that cannot be handled programmatically
Arithmetic errors: A program may make a mistake in a
mathematical calculation or operation

3. Importance of Exception
Handling
Exception handling is important because it allows programs to handle errors that occur
during execution. It's especially important in the following situations:
•Handling errors
Exception handling allows programs to distinguish between normal and erroneous return values. This is
especially important in geospatial programming, where issues like missing files or corrupt data can occur.
Separating error-handling code
Exception handling separates the details of what to do when something unexpected happens from the main logic of a
program
Handling concurrency
In multi-threaded applications, exceptions thrown by one thread can propagate to other threads, causing the application to
crash. Exception handling can prevent this from happening.

4. Common Python Exceptions

5. The TRY block lets you test a block of code for
error.
The EXCEPT block lets you handle the error.
Syntax:
try: # Code that may cause an exception except
ExceptionType: # Code to handle the exception
The try-except Block
try:
x = 10 / 0
except ZeroDivisionError:
print("Cannot divide by zero!")
The try-except Block

6. try:
even_numbers = [2,4,6,8]
print(even_numbers[5])
except ZeroDivisionError:
print("Denominator cannot be 0.")
except IndexError:
print("Index Out of Bound.")
# Output: Index Out of Bound
Multiple except
Block
try:
num = int(input("Enter a
number: ")) num % 2 == 0
except:
print("Not an even number!")
else:
print("its a even number")
The else Clause