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Estudiante: Alison Dayan Rivera Erazo
|v| = √(2)2 + 32 = √13
sin𝜃 =
-3
√13
, cos θ =
2
√13
a) u + v = i - j
(u + v)
|u + v|
= (
1
√2
)i - (
1
√2
)j
b) 2u - 3v = 7i -12 j
(2u- 3v)
|2u -3v|
= (
7
√193
)i - (
12
√193
)
c) 3u + 8 v = -2i + 7j
(3u + 8v)
|3u + 8v|
= (
2
√53
)i - (
7
√53
)
𝑥 = (9) cos(120) =
-9
2
y = (9) sin(120) =
9√3
2
𝑥 = (3) cos(-225) =
-3√2
2
y = (3) sin(-225) =
-3√2
2
𝑢 = 2𝑖 − 3𝑗
v = -9i + 6j
(u*v) = (2)(-9) + (-3)(6) = −𝟑𝟔
|v|2
= (√(-9)2 + (6)2)
2
= 117
proy v U =
(-36)(9)
117
i +
(-36)(6)
117
j
proy v U =
324
117
i +
-216
117
j
proy v U =
36
13
i -
24
13
j
Sea u = 𝛼i + 𝛼j + 𝛼k. Como u es un vector unitario, entonces se debe tener en cuenta que 3𝛼2
=
1 y como los ángulos están entre cero y
𝜋
2
por lo tanto: 𝛼 =
1
√3
u = 2i + j – k
v = -3i − 2j + 4k
i j k
2 1 -1
-3 -2 4
m
→ x
n
→ =
1 -1
-2 4
i −
2 -1
-3 4
j +
2 1
-3 -2
k
m
→ x
n
→ = [(1)(4)-(-1)(-2) i ]-[(2)(4)-(1)(-3) j] + [(2)(-2)-(1)(-3) k]
2𝑖 − 5𝑗 − 1𝑘
[u x v] = √(2)2 + (5)2 + (-1)2 = √30
|v| = √(-3)2 + (-2)2 + (4)2 = √29
|u| = √(2)2 + (1)2 + (-1)2 = √6
𝜃 = sin−1
(
√30
√29 √6
) = 24.53
|v| = √(-10)2 + (-8)2 + (7)2 = √213
Cosenos directores:
-10
√213
-8
√213
7
√213
|v| = √(4)2 + (-4)2 + (9)2 = √113
Cosenos directores:
-4
√113
-4
√113
9
√113
a
⃗⃗ = PQ
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ = Q − P = (-3, 1, 4) − (2, 1, -1) = (-5, 0, 5)
b
⃗⃗⃗ = PR
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ = R − P = (1, 0, 2) − (2, 1, -1) = (-1, -1, 3)
c = PS
⃗⃗⃗⃗ = S − P = (-3, -1, 5) − (2, 1, -1) = (-5, -2, 6)
-5 0 5
-1 1 3
-5 -2 6
= (-5) -1 3
-2 6
- (0)
-1 3
-5 6
+ (5)
-1 -1
-5 -2
(-5)(-1)(6)-(3)(2)-(0)(-1)(6)-(3)(-5) + (5)(-1)(-2)-(-1)(-5) = -15
|-15|=15 𝑢2
Encontrando como solución t = 1 y s = -5, ambos conjuntos de soluciones paramétricas dan el punto (2, -1, -3)
Demostración:
𝐿1
= 𝑥 = 1 + 1 = 2
y = -3 + 2(1) = -1
z = -2-1 = -3
𝐿₂
= 𝑥 = 17 + 3(-5) = 2
y = 4 + (-5) = -1
z = -8-(-5) = -3
Las coordenadas de cualquier punto (x, y, z) sobre la recta de intersección
de estos dos planos deben satisfacer las ecuaciones. Resolviendo este sistema de dos ecuaciones con tres
incógnitas mediante reducción por renglones se obtiene, sucesivamente
3 -2 5 4
1 4 -6 1
x =
9
7
-
4
7
t
y =
-1
14
+
23
14
t
z = t

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Examen resuelto de vectores en R3

  • 1. Estudiante: Alison Dayan Rivera Erazo |v| = √(2)2 + 32 = √13 sin𝜃 = -3 √13 , cos θ = 2 √13 a) u + v = i - j (u + v) |u + v| = ( 1 √2 )i - ( 1 √2 )j b) 2u - 3v = 7i -12 j (2u- 3v) |2u -3v| = ( 7 √193 )i - ( 12 √193 ) c) 3u + 8 v = -2i + 7j (3u + 8v) |3u + 8v| = ( 2 √53 )i - ( 7 √53 )
  • 2. 𝑥 = (9) cos(120) = -9 2 y = (9) sin(120) = 9√3 2 𝑥 = (3) cos(-225) = -3√2 2 y = (3) sin(-225) = -3√2 2 𝑢 = 2𝑖 − 3𝑗 v = -9i + 6j (u*v) = (2)(-9) + (-3)(6) = −𝟑𝟔 |v|2 = (√(-9)2 + (6)2) 2 = 117 proy v U = (-36)(9) 117 i + (-36)(6) 117 j proy v U = 324 117 i + -216 117 j proy v U = 36 13 i - 24 13 j Sea u = 𝛼i + 𝛼j + 𝛼k. Como u es un vector unitario, entonces se debe tener en cuenta que 3𝛼2 = 1 y como los ángulos están entre cero y 𝜋 2 por lo tanto: 𝛼 = 1 √3
  • 3. u = 2i + j – k v = -3i − 2j + 4k i j k 2 1 -1 -3 -2 4 m → x n → = 1 -1 -2 4 i − 2 -1 -3 4 j + 2 1 -3 -2 k m → x n → = [(1)(4)-(-1)(-2) i ]-[(2)(4)-(1)(-3) j] + [(2)(-2)-(1)(-3) k] 2𝑖 − 5𝑗 − 1𝑘 [u x v] = √(2)2 + (5)2 + (-1)2 = √30 |v| = √(-3)2 + (-2)2 + (4)2 = √29 |u| = √(2)2 + (1)2 + (-1)2 = √6 𝜃 = sin−1 ( √30 √29 √6 ) = 24.53
  • 4. |v| = √(-10)2 + (-8)2 + (7)2 = √213 Cosenos directores: -10 √213 -8 √213 7 √213 |v| = √(4)2 + (-4)2 + (9)2 = √113 Cosenos directores: -4 √113 -4 √113 9 √113
  • 5. a ⃗⃗ = PQ ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ = Q − P = (-3, 1, 4) − (2, 1, -1) = (-5, 0, 5) b ⃗⃗⃗ = PR ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ = R − P = (1, 0, 2) − (2, 1, -1) = (-1, -1, 3) c = PS ⃗⃗⃗⃗ = S − P = (-3, -1, 5) − (2, 1, -1) = (-5, -2, 6) -5 0 5 -1 1 3 -5 -2 6 = (-5) -1 3 -2 6 - (0) -1 3 -5 6 + (5) -1 -1 -5 -2 (-5)(-1)(6)-(3)(2)-(0)(-1)(6)-(3)(-5) + (5)(-1)(-2)-(-1)(-5) = -15 |-15|=15 𝑢2 Encontrando como solución t = 1 y s = -5, ambos conjuntos de soluciones paramétricas dan el punto (2, -1, -3) Demostración: 𝐿1 = 𝑥 = 1 + 1 = 2 y = -3 + 2(1) = -1 z = -2-1 = -3 𝐿₂ = 𝑥 = 17 + 3(-5) = 2 y = 4 + (-5) = -1 z = -8-(-5) = -3
  • 6. Las coordenadas de cualquier punto (x, y, z) sobre la recta de intersección de estos dos planos deben satisfacer las ecuaciones. Resolviendo este sistema de dos ecuaciones con tres incógnitas mediante reducción por renglones se obtiene, sucesivamente 3 -2 5 4 1 4 -6 1 x = 9 7 - 4 7 t y = -1 14 + 23 14 t z = t