Different area of the world facing different type of environmental problem. some case study of different environmental changes.

1. The drought of the Delta
5 things to remember:
1. Every place in Flanders is different.
2. Designing researching brings disciplines and actors together.
3. System thinking in realisations
4. Water, soil and subsoil: unknown allies
5. Flooding and drought are united by their complexity
Adaptations:
1. increasing infiltration capacity
2. reduce the outflow by limiting the seepage loss

2. Strategy for The ‘Kempen’
- Testing ground for circular and area-
specific agriculture.
- “Nature based solutions” as starting point
for system recovery

3. Forest dieback in the „Harz“
Reasons:

4. Forest dieback in the „Harz“

5. Image via the European Environment Agency.
INVERSION WEATHER (STUTTGART)
warm air
layers lie
above colder
layers
https://tse2.mm.bing.net/th?id=OIP.-BkrnPvhFqMMjd5LgHQfpwHaFe&pid=Api
pollutants
do not get
removed:
poor air
quality
health
risks

6. Measures:
- Fresh air corridors
- keep and crosslink green
spaces
- “Feinstaubalarm”: less
motorized individual
transport (free/ cheaper
public transport)
- focus on public transport
- structural measures
INVERSION WEATHER (STUTTGART)
https://www.stuttgarter-nachrichten.de/media.media.f83103c4-df73-4e23-9271-
f8e57b8a311f.original1024.jpg
https://tse4.mm.bing.net/th?id=OIP.ML0QPcvx9rF_pDPbH800SgAAAA&pid=Api

9. WHAT IS IT?
An alternative to the traditional road
infrastructure building. Based on the
Ecosystem - Culture Model and included in the
ONU 2030 Goals of sustainable development.
Adaptation to the natural environment, without
exceeding their ecosystem limits. Vital spaces
of integration of social and environmental
potential.
CURRENT CONDITIONS:
● Landscape value PCC (Unesco
Patrimony site)
● Poor connectivity due to geographical
factors.
● Capital city (Manizales) located
between the 3 main cities of the
country.
● Population of the department: 1’008.344
● Area: 788 km2
● Andean Tropics ecosystem diversity: 13
river basins and altitudes between 500
- 5321 masl.
BIORUTA TRANSVERSAL DE CALDAS
BIBLIOGRAPHY: Instituto de Estudios Ambientales -IDEA- Sede Manizales. (2022). Bio-Ruta Transversal de Caldas una alternativade movilidadsostenible. De Vía a
Bío entre los ríos Magdalena y Cauca del trópico andino en Colombia. Boletín Ambiental, 190.

10. PROJECT:
● 300 meters reforestation strip alongside the 150km of
the road.
● Double vehicular roads, 1 railway, service ducts.
● Independent bike and motorcycle roads.
● No aesthetic affectation of the natural and cultural
landscapes.
● Optimization of costs and resources by Public-Private
alliances.
● Identification of Ecosystems and their susceptibility.
● Characterization of the affected population and their
structural dynamics.
● Articulation of Ruta del Sol and Pacifico 3 with the
ports in the Pacific ocean and the airports at the
country’s interior.
● Inclusion of Fauna bridges and ecoduct.
● Biological corridor that connects ecosystems of
altitudes between 530 and 2500 masl.
● Complementary spaces such as hiking trails,
sightseeing points and touristic infrastructure.
OBJECTIVES:
● Connect the river basins of the Cauca and Magdalena
rivers (the two most important rivers in Colombia)
● Crossing the Central Mountain range and connect
most towns and cities in the East of the department.
Including Manizales and La Dorada (the two biggest
cities)
● Enhance development engines of green infrastructure,
commerce logistics, agro industries, tourism and
communication.
● Lower the production, transportation costs and the fuel
consumption.
● Reducing travel times from all the cities of the
department to the capital to 2 hours or less. TAKEN FROM: https://www.eje21.com.co/2022/01/gobierno-de-caldas-dio-luz-verde-a-bio-ruta-
transversal/

11. The Murray Darling Basin
•Australia’s largest river system, purpose was to stop too
much water taken out of rivers, for wetlands, waterbirds and
fish to survive
•Covers about a seventh of the Australian land mass – across
5 states and territories
•Vast amounts of water are extracted from the rivers to
supply around 3 million Australians, including irrigating farms
•Millenium drought + increased water needs resulted in
damage to this system
•The Basin Plan was developed in response the
damage, and to climate change

12. Climate change mitigation strategies
•The water authority uses a method called adaptive
management – involves experimenting, monitoring, and
adjusting as needed. Allows for flexibility and dynamic decision
making
•Basin Plan provides a framework for water management to
adapt to the challenge of a changing climate. Formal 10 year
review
•The climate of the basin is changing, the environment will
need to adapt to a hotter and drier climate future
•Australian govt has invested $20 million into a research
program, in recognition of more research needed
•Water buybacks from farmers – govt taking water from
the river system from people who want to sell them, to
ensure river environments for the plants and animals that
need it most
•Remove obsolete and wasteful plans – questionable
water saving projects
•Focus on reconnecting rivers to their floodplains – must
be regularly inundated with water (managed “flooding”,
reducing impacts of natural flooding disasters)

13. “Iran plans to pump water via a
200km pipeline from the Caspian
Sea to Semnan province”
Iran is located in arid and semi-arid areas

14. Farmer Strategies for Mitigation and
Adaptation to Climate Change in Calpan,
Puebla, Mexico
2020, Postgraduate College, Campus Puebla
1970 – 2011
69.7% of the disasters that occurred were caused by
hydrometeorological events
55% floods
33% storms and hurricanes
10% droughts
2% extreme temperatures
(FAO 2018)
Calpan, Puebla
67 km²
13,730 inhabitants
52% women - 47% men
Rainfed agriculture
Maiz: 73% cultivated area
(INEGI 2015)
Google Maps
Google Maps

15. DIVERSI
FICATION
ANIMAL
POWER
MAIZ
MANAGE
MENT
SOIL
CONSER
VATION
corpenca.org elciudadano.com
desdelverdun.org pinterest ehow.com
rosbesan

16. REFERENCES
Colegio de Postgraduados, Campus Puebla. 2020. Estrategias campesinas de mitigación y adaptabilidad al cambio
climático en Calpan, Puebla, México. Reflexiones de Género.
FAO (Organización de las Naciones Unidas para la Alimentación y la Agricultura). 2018. Cambio climático y seguridad
alimentaria y nutricional América Latina y el Caribe. Santiago de Chile: FAO.
INEGI (Instituto Nacional de Estadística, Geografía e Informática). 2015. Cartografía del estado de Puebla-México.
http://internet.contenidos.inegi.org.mx/contenidos/productos/prod_serv/contenidos/espanol/bvinegi/productos/nueva_estruc
/anuarios_2015/702825077129.pdf

17. Palmas, Tocantins, Brazil
Planned capital
306.296 inhabitants
Planned occupation phases
Perspective sketch
Historical evolution of Palmas expansion
Satellite image (2021)
Location of the plazas implemented
superimposed on the income map on the
left, and on the density map, on the right.

18. Urban sprawl
Segregation of leisure and green
spaces
Social housing areas
Urban land speculation
Gated communities
Land regularization
Mobility infrastructure
Hot and dry weather - 40 °C
Insufficient or inadequate trees
Monotonous landscape
Safety
● Challenges ● Potentialities
Enough space for urban
transformations
Renewable energy
Many conservation units
Open spaces connection
Touristic access to Jalapão
Keywords chosen by 60 people interviewed
"The city is very hot and yet there doesn't seem to have been any pedestrian-oriented planning to combat this, on the contrary, in fact, the city
seems to have mounted a crusade against trees and areas on pedestrian routes. Where there are benches there's no tree, where there's a tree
there's no path, where there's a ramp there's no crosswalk, and where there's a crosswalk there's no ramp." Man, 19-29, Palmas
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