This document provides a chronological overview of major developments in communication technologies from 1755 to 1997, including the invention of the dictionary, telegraph, steamship, submarine, printing press, photography, telephone, radio, television, and computer/internet technologies like Windows, the World Wide Web, and Google. Key inventors and their innovations are mentioned, such as Samuel Johnson's dictionary in 1755, Alexander Graham Bell's telephone patent in 1876, the Wright brothers' first airplane flight in 1903, and Tim Berners-Lee's proposal for the World Wide Web at CERN in 1989-1990.

1. EVOLUTION OF
COMMUNICATION
18-20 TH CENTURY
-Mridu Agarwal
CD L1

2. 1755 : FIRST ENGLISH
D I C T I O N A RY
Samuel Johnson publishes the first
English language dictionary on
April 15th after nine years of
writing. In the preface Samuel
Johnson wrote, "I am not so lost
in lexicography as to forget that
words are the daughters of earth,
and that things are the sons of
heaven."

3. 1 7 7 4 : PAT E N T O F E L E C T R I C
TELEGRAPH
The telegraph was a communication
system that originally relied on a line of
site in order to receive a message.
Georges Louis Lesage, a physicist from
Geneva invented an electric telegraph
in 1774 that had a simple charged wire
for every letter in the alphabet. This
allowed telegraphs to be sent without
the required line of site and ―smoke
signals‖.

4. 1775: INVENTION OF
STEAMSHIP
Jacques Perrier invents a
steamship. One great way to
communicate overseas, though
steamship was first sailed in
1819.

5. 1776: INVENTION OF
SUBMARINE
The first American submarine is as old as the
United States itself. David Bushnell (1742-1824),
a Yale graduate, designed and built a submarine
torpedo boat in 1776. The one-man vessel
submerged by admitting water into the hull and
surfaced by pumping it out with a hand pump.
Powered by a pedal-operated propeller and
armed with a keg of powder, the egg-shaped
Turtle gave Revolutionary Americans high hopes
for a secret weapon - a weapon that could destroy
the British warships anchored in New York
Harbor.

6. 1 7 9 9 : F O U R D R I N I E R M AC H I N E

7. Louis Robert invents the Fourdrinier Machine for sheet paper making.
A papermaking machine that could make continuous paper (rolls). A patent
was granted on July 24, 1806, for a machine that could make any size of paper,
very quickly.
Large Fourdrinier-style paper-making machine. A row of heated drums dry
out the paper, which enters the machine as wet pulp.
Large rolls are usually sliced into a number of thin rolls, which can feed
continuous presses (e.g. newspapers) or be cut into separate sheets.
The invention cost £60000, and caused the brothers to go bankrupt. Due to
various laws, it was difficult to protect the patent on the machine, and the new
system was widely adopted.

8. 1810 : IMPROVED
PRINTING PRESS
German, Frederick Koenig invents an
improved printing press, this allowed
people to print documents.

9. 1814: PHOTOGRAPHY
Joseph Nicéphore Niépce was the first person to take a photograph.
He took the picture by setting up a machine called the camera obscura
in the window of his home in France. It took eight hours for the
camera to take the picture.

11. 1821: ENCHANTED LYRE
In September of 1821, Charles Wheatstone
exhibited his Enchanted Lyre or
Aconcryptophone at a gallery in a music store.
The Enchanted Lyre was not a real instrument, it
was a sounding box disguised as a lyre that hung
from the ceiling by a steel rod, and emitted the
sounds of several instruments: piano, harp, and
dulcimer. It appeared as if the Enchanted Lyre
was playing itself. However, the steel rod
conveyed the vibrations of the music from real
instruments which were played out of view by
real musicians.

12. 1827 :COIN THE PHRASE
M I C RO P H O N E
Charles Wheatstone was the first person to coin the phrase
microphone.

13. 1 8 2 9 : W. A . I N V E N T S
TYPOGRAPHER
In 1829, William Austin Burt invents the typographer, a predecessor
to the typewriter, he patents the same.

14. 1829: BRAILLE
Frenchmen, Louis Braille invents braille printing for the blind.

15. 1835: CALOTYPE
PHOTOGRAPHY
Englishmen, Henry Talbot invents calotype photography.
Talbot made his first successful camera photographs in 1835 using
paper sensitized with silver chloride, which darkened in proportion to
its exposure to light. This early "photogenic drawing" process was
a printing-out process, i.e., the paper had to be exposed in the camera
until the image was fully visible. A very long exposure—typically an
hour or more—was required to produce an acceptable negative.

17. 1835: MECHANICAL
C A L C U L AT O R
Charles Babbage invents a mechanical calculator.

18. 1837 : TELEGRAPH
Developed in the 1830s and 1840s by Samuel Morse (1791-1872) and other inventors, the
telegraph revolutionized long-distance communication. It worked by transmitting electrical
signals over a wire laid between stations. In addition to helping invent the telegraph, Samuel
Morse developed a code (bearing his name) that assigned a set of dots and dashes to each letter
of the English alphabet and allowed for the simple transmission of complex messages across
telegraph lines. In 1844, Morse sent his first telegraph message, from Washington, D.C., to
Baltimore, Maryland; by 1866, a telegraph line had been laid across the Atlantic Ocean from the
U.S. to Europe. Although the telegraph had fallen out of widespread use by the start of the 21st
century, replaced by the telephone, fax machine and Internet, it laid the groundwork for the
communications revolution that led to those later innovations.

20. 1837: POSTAGE STAMP
English schoolmaster, Rowland Hill invents the postage stamp.

21. 1838: MORSE CODE
Morse code is a method of transmitting text information as a series of on-off
tones, lights, or clicks that can be directly understood by a skilled listener or
observer without special equipment. The International Morse Code encodes
the ISO basic Latin alphabet, some extra Latin letters, the Arabic numerals and a
small set of punctuation and procedural signals as standardized sequences of short
and long signals called "dots" and "dashes",or "dits" and "dahs". Because many
non-English natural languages use more than the 26 Roman letters, extensions to
the Morse alphabet exist for those languages.

23. 1839:
DAG U E R R E O T Y P E P H O T O G R A P H Y .
Frenchmen, Louis Daguerre and J.N. Niepce coinvent Daguerreotype photography.
Using the camera obscura (a drawing aid for artists that after the birth of
photography became known as the photographic camera) a light tight plate holder
was designed to hold a copper plate faced with a thin layer of silver. Prior to
exposing the plate in the camera, the plate was made light sensitive by fumes from
iodine crystals in a wooden box. After the exposure, mercury fumes would develop
the image which was then fixed in a solution of common salt (sodium chloride) or
of sodium thiosulfate (Na2S2O3.5H2O). The plate could be toned in gold chloride.

25. 1 8 6 7 : P R AC T I C A L U S E O F
TELEPHONE

26. 1 8 7 6 : PAT E N T S T H E
TELEPHONE
First patented in 1876 by Alexander Graham Bell and further developed by many others.
A telephone, or phone, is a telecommunications device that permits two or more users
to conduct a conversation when they are not in the same vicinity of each other to be
heard directly. A telephone converts sound, typically and most efficiently the human
voice, into electronic signals suitable for transmission via cables or other transmission
media over long distances, and replays such signals simultaneously in audible form to its
user. The wordtelephone has been adapted into the vocabulary of many languages. It is
derived from the Greek: τῆλε, tēle, far and φωνή, phōnē, voice, together meaning distant voice.

28. 1877: TIN FOIL PHONOGRAPH
The phonograph was invented in 1877
by Thomas Edison. It is a device
introduced in 1877 for the recording and
reproduction of sound recordings. The
recordings played on such a device consist
of waveforms that are engraved onto a
rotating cylinder or disc. As the cylinder
or disc rotates, a stylus or needle traces
the waveforms and vibrates to reproduce
the recorded sound waves

29. 1 8 7 7 : F I R S T M OV I N G P I C T U R E S
Eadweard Muybridge invents the first moving pictures.

30. 1 8 8 1 : PAT E N T S T H E RO L L F I L M F O R
CAMERAS
John Huston patents the roll film
for cameras.

31. 1 8 8 4 : PA P E R S T R I P
PHOTOGRAPHIC FILM
George Eastman patents paper-strip photographic film.

32. 1887 : FIRST GRAMOPHONE
By Emelie Berliner
Grampophone

33. 1 8 9 5 : P O RTA B L E M O T I O N PICTURE CAMERA
Lumiere Brothers invent a portable motion-picture camera, film
processing unit and projector called the Cinematographe. Lumiere
Brothers using their Cinematographe are the first to present a
projected motion picture to an audience of more that one person.

35. 1895: FIRST RADIO SIGNAL
OV E R A M I L E

36. 1896-1901: INVENTION OF
RADIO

38. 1 9 0 7 : I N V E N T I O N O F VAC U U M
TUBE RADIO
In electronics a vacuum tube, electron tube (in North America), tube, or thermionic
valve or valve (in British English) is a device controlling electric current through a
vacuum in a sealed container. The container is often thin transparent glass in a roughly
cylindrical shape. The simplest vacuum tube, the diode, is similar to an incandescent light
bulb with an added electrode inside. When the bulb's filament is heated red-hot, electrons
are "boiled" off its surface and into the vacuum inside the bulb. If the electrode—called a
"plate" or "anode"—is made more positive than the hot filament, a direct current flows
through the vacuum to the electrode (a demonstration of the Edison effect). As the
current only flows in one direction, it makes it possible to convert an alternating
current applied to the filament to direct current.

40. 1 9 1 0 : D E M O N S T R AT I O N O F F I R S T
TA L K I N G M O T I O N P I C T U R E
Thomas Edison demonstrated the first talking motion picture.

41. 1 9 1 0 – T E L E G R A P H M E S S AG E S
LEADS TO ARREST

42. Captain Henry Kendall, Who
was constantly communicating to
help catch the culprits.
Dr crippen and Ethel
Le Nivel found guilty.

43. 1 9 1 2 : M O T O R I Z E D M OV I E
CAMERAS
Motorized movie cameras invented, replaced hand-cranked cameras.

44. 1912- MACRONI’S FIRST PURPOSE-BUILT
R A D I O FA C T O R Y A T N E W S T R E E T W O R K S ,
ALSO IN CHELMSFORD, ENGLAND

45. 1 9 1 3 - T H E U S N AV Y B E G I N S T R A N S M I T T I N G
BY RADIO A REGULAR TIME SIGNAL

46. 1 9 1 5 - D I S C OV E RY O F L O N G D I S T A N C E
TELEPHONIC COMMUNICATION

47. 1915- FIRST TRANSMISSION OF SPEECH
ACROS S OCEA N S.

48. 1916: RADIO TUNERS
Invention of radio tuners which helped onto switching to different
radio stations.

49. 1918: S UPER HETERODYN E R A D IO CIRCUIT
In electronics, a superheterodyne receiver (often shortened
to superhet), invented by US engineer Edwin Armstrong in 1918
during World War 1,uses frequency mixing or heterodyning to convert a
received signal to a fixed intermediate frequency(IF), which can be more
conveniently processed than the original radio carrier frequency. Virtually
all modern radio receivers use the superheterodyne principle.
The superheterodyne radio circuit invented by Edwin Howard Armstrong.
Today, every radio or television set uses this invention.

51. 1925: MECHANICAL TELEVISION
The mechanical television a
precursor to the modern
television, invented by John
Logie Baird.

52. 1926- FIRST DEMONSTRATION OF
TELEVISION

53. John Logie Baird gave the world's first demonstration of
television to a group assembled in his attic rooms in London.
This is John Logie with the TV set.

54. 1 9 2 9 - B B C T O B ROA D C A S T F I R S T T R I A L O N
T V S E T.

55. 1 9 6 5 - L A U N C H O F E A R L Y B I R D.

56. 1 9 8 3 - M I D I B E C O M E S T H E S TA N DA R D F O R
ELECTRONIC COMMUNICATION IN MUSIC

57. 1983: APPLE
First ever computer with a monitor and keyboard attached.
The most renowned brand Apple, By Steve Jobs.

58. 1986: WINDOWS
Windows operating system invented by Microsoft (Bill Gates).

59. 1 9 8 9 - 9 1 – C E R N , F I R S T S T E P T O WA R D S
WORLD WIDE WEB
1989- Build ENQUIRE
1990- The first proposal for the
world wide web
1991- First website at
http://info.cern.ch

60. 1 9 9 7 – R E G I S T RY O F G O O G L E . C O M

61. Larry page and Sergey Brin