The document outlines a research project led by Jennefer Hart focused on evaluating user experience (UX) and engagement in design, supervised by Professors Alistair Sutcliffe and Antonella De Angeli. The research aims to extend user experience theories, develop methodologies, and inform design guidelines through three studies examining interactive features and user engagement patterns over time. Key research questions include identifying constructs contributing to user experience, determining design protocols that lead to positive experiences, and exploring prolonged interaction patterns.

1. Evaluating User Experience
And
User Engagement for Design
Jennefer Hart
PhD Year One
Supervisors: Professor Alistair Sutcliffe & Dr Antonella De Angeli
Manchester Business School
July 2011

2. Research Contribution
 Extend (and Verify) User Experience Theories
 Explore the Nature of Interactivity
 Develop and Test New Research Methodologies
 Inform Design Practice
 Improve Product Design

3. Research Aims & Objectives
➤ To Investigate Key Constructs
Extend the Cognitive Models (e.g., Interaction, Immersion, Flow,
within Presence, Aesthetics, Emotion &
User Experience Individual Dispositions).
Develop Research ➤ To Capture User Experiences (as
Methodologies they occur).
Explore
Prolonged Patterns of ➤ To Capture UX Patterns (over a
Interaction prolonged time frame)
Inform ➤ To Inform Design Guidelines (by
Design determining what interactive
Guidelines features elicit positive UX)

4. Research Questions
RQ1: What are the key constructs that contribute
to user engagement and user experience?
RQ2: What design protocols or features lead to
positive user experiences?
RQ3: What are the patterns of interaction over
prolonged use?

5. Research Plan & Methodology
STUDY 1 STUDY 2 STUDY 3
Quasi- Controlled Longitudinal
Experiment Experiment Study
Diary X-Section
Test Adapted Applied Study Survey
Method Survey Method Method
METHODS
METHODS Retrospect
Interview
Observation Interview

6. Research Plan (1)
Study One: Quasi Experiment
 Compare 3 different levels of interactive protocols
 Aesthetics & Usability
 Interaction & Engagement (Flow & Presence)
 Individual Aesthetic Disposition
 Develop Research Methodology
 Survey Instrument
 Observation – Critical Incidents
 Interval Mood Scales (iScale*)
 Video - Facial Expression
RSQ 1: What are the key constructs that contribute to user experience?
*[Karapanos, Martens & Hassenzahl, 2009]

7. The National Gallery – Menu-based Interaction

8. The Google Art Project – Virtual Interaction

9. The Louvre – Interactive Animated Guide

10. Research Plan (2)
Study Two: Controlled Experiment
 Compare 2-3 different levels of interactive protocols
 Bespoke Technologies
 Same Content V Different Interactive Features (e.g. video, presence,
virtual, etc)
 Research Methodology (from Study One)
 Tested Survey Instrument
 Observation – Critical Incidents
 Interval Mood Scales (iScale)
 Video – Facial Expression
 Focus on Key Design Features
 Interactive Guide (Presence)
 Virtual Environment (Flow & Engagement)
RSQ 2: What design ‘features’ lead to positive user experiences?

11. Research Plan (3)
Study Three: Longitudinal Study
 Compare 2-3 different levels of interactive protocols
 Existing technologies (within same domain)
 Prolonged Time Frame
 Capturing patterns of prolonged user experiences
 Adapted Research Methodology
 Diary Based Study
 Experience Probes
 Adapted Mood Scales (iScale)
 Two Phased Survey
 Staged Interviews
 Selected Observation
RSQ 3: What are the patterns of interaction over prolonged use?

12. Research Technologies: Personal Fitness Tools
Classic Text Based Style Video Based Interaction Style
Interactive Customization Facility Active (Haptic) Interactive Style

13. Thank-you
any questions?

14. References
 Hassenzahl, M. (2003) The thing and I: understanding the relationship between user and product. In M.Blythe, C.
Overbeeke, A. F Monk, & P C. Wright (Eds.), Funology: From Usability to Enjoyment, Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic
. .
Publishers, pp. 31-42.
 Csikszentmihalyi, M. (2002) Flow: The Classic Work on How to Achieve Happiness, London: Rider.
 Hartmann, Sutcliffe, & De Angeli, (2008) Towards a Theory of User Judgement of Aesthetics and User Interface
Quality. ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction, 15(4), 15-30.
 Hassenzahl, M. (2003) The thing and I: understanding the relationship between user and product. In M.Blythe, C.
Overbeeke, A. F Monk, & P C. Wright (Eds.), Funology: From Usability to Enjoyment, Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic
. .
Publishers, pp. 31-42.
 Hassenzahl, M. (2004) The Interplay of Beauty, Goodness, and Usability in Interactive Products, Dordrecht, Human
Computer Interaction (19) 4, 319-349.
 Jordan, P W. (2002) Designing Pleasurable Products: An Introduction to the New Human Factors, CRC Press.
.
 Karapanos, E, Martens, J, B., & Hassenzahl, M. (2009) Reconstructing Experiences through Sketching, ACM TOCHI.
 Law, E. L., Roto, V., Hassenzahl, M., Vermeeren, A. P O., & Kort, J. (2009) Understanding, scoping and defining user
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experience: A survey approach, Proceedings: CHI 2009, Botson MA, pp. 710-728.
 Leong, T. W., Vetere, F. & Howard, S. (2005) The Serendipity Shuffle Proceedings of the 19th conference of the computer-
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 Nielson, J. (1993) Usability Engineering, Morgan Kaufmann, San Francisco.
 Norman, D. A. (2004) Emotional Design: Why we love (or hate) everyday things, New York: Basic Books.
 Shen, K. N., & Khalifa, M. (2008) Exploring Multidimensional Conceptualizations of Social Presence in the Context of
Online Communities, Intl. Journal of Human-Computer Interaction, 24(7), 722-748.
 Sutcliffe, (2010), Designing for User Engagement: Aesthetic and Attractive User Interfaces. Edited by Carroll, J.M,
Synthesis Lectures on Human-Centred informatics, Morgan & Claypool Publishers, Chapter 1.
 Tractinsky, N., Katz, A. S. & Ikar, D. (2000) What is beautiful is usable, Interacting with Computers, 13 (2), 127-145.
 Tractinscky and Zmiri, (2006) Exploring Attributes of Skins as Potential Antecedents of Emotion in HCI, In: Fishwick,
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 Wright, P & McCarthy, J. (2009) Experience-Centered Design: Designers, Users, and Communities in Dialogue,
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