The document summarizes the results of a survey conducted in France, Germany, Italy, and Poland regarding European public opinion on the war in Ukraine and related issues. The key findings are:
1) There is overwhelming public support for Ukraine across the four countries, with 84% having a good opinion of Ukraine on average. Support for Ukraine is highest in Poland at 91%.
2) Vladimir Putin has very low approval ratings, with an average of only 9% having a good opinion of him. Approval is lowest in Poland at 3%.
3) There is also strong support for sanctions against Russia, with an average approval of 79%, including majority "strong approval" in all countries except France.
4
- A Pew Research Center survey found rising Euroskepticism across Europe, with only 51% having a favorable view of the EU on average in 10 countries surveyed. Significant minorities in many countries want power returned from Brussels to national governments.
- Support for the EU has declined sharply in the past year in France, Spain, Germany, the UK, and Italy. Younger people are generally more favorable toward the EU than older citizens.
- Views are divided along partisan lines, with supporters of Euroskeptic parties much less likely to view the EU favorably. However, criticism of the EU by a party does not always translate to its supporters viewing the EU negatively.
- Overwhelming majorities disapprove
Credence to Media, Influence of Russian Propaganda, And Media Literacy in Ukr...Mariana Zakusylo
1) A poll conducted in February 2018 in Ukraine found that Ukrainian national TV is the main source of information for most Ukrainians, followed by Ukrainian internet media and social networks. However, 5% of Ukrainians still receive information from Russian TV channels.
2) Opinions varied on issues related to the conflict in eastern Ukraine and Crimea. A majority believe that Russia and separatists initiated the war, while a minority think it was the Ukrainian government. Most also think Ukrainian-speaking citizens face persecution in Russian-controlled areas.
3) Support for banning Russian media was mixed, with more in western Ukraine backing bans than in eastern Ukraine. Over half of respondents thought bans of Russian TV channels were necessary, while over half also thought
This document summarizes the results of a survey on national information policy in Ukraine in the face of Russian aggression, with a focus on the Donetsk and Luhansk regions. Some key findings include: less than 1% of Ukrainians consider Russian television an objective news source, while 31.1% consider Ukrainian television objective; over 40% of Ukrainians feel nostalgia for the Soviet era but over 60% do not want it to return; and the government's information policy in Donetsk and Luhansk needs to be more sensitive to regional differences and build trust through focusing on facts rather than political stances.
- Viktor Orban has been the Prime Minister of Hungary for 6 years and has consolidated control over the country's assets and media, putting them in his own or his allies' pockets. He claims to support common Hungarians but failed to get enough turnout for a referendum against EU immigration policies.
- Orban is hollowing out Hungary's democratic institutions and challenging the EU, and the EU has been too lenient in response due to concerns about pushing Hungary closer to Russia or hurting the Hungarian people economically. However, this permissiveness only encourages more autocratic behavior from Orban and other leaders.
Battle of Narratives: Kremlin Disinformation in the Vitaliy Markiv Case in ItalyUkraineCrisisMediaCenter
This document provides background on the case of Vitaliy Markiv, a Ukrainian soldier arrested in Italy in 2017 for the deaths of an Italian photographer and Russian interpreter killed in Ukraine in 2014. It discusses how Russian disinformation narratives about Ukraine may have influenced the initial guilty verdict against Markiv in Italy. The document outlines its structure, methodology, and added value in examining the role of Kremlin propaganda in the Markiv case through analysis of court documents and Italian media coverage.
The Separatist War in Donbas: A Violent Break-up of Ukraine?DonbassFullAccess
This document analyzes the conflict in Donbas, Ukraine between pro-Russian separatists and the Ukrainian government. It notes that there are conflicting narratives about what caused the conflict and how it has unfolded. The study aims to determine why Ukraine experienced this violent conflict in Donbas by examining the roles and perspectives of different actors, including separatists, the Yanukovych government, Maidan opposition, Russia, the US, and the EU. It also analyzes a survey on public support for separatism in Donbas compared to other regions that was commissioned by the author. The conflict involved both a civil war and direct Russian military intervention and has international significance.
- A Pew Research Center survey found rising Euroskepticism across Europe, with only 51% having a favorable view of the EU on average in 10 countries surveyed. Significant minorities in many countries want power returned from Brussels to national governments.
- Support for the EU has declined sharply in the past year in France, Spain, Germany, the UK, and Italy. Younger people are generally more favorable toward the EU than older citizens.
- Views are divided along partisan lines, with supporters of Euroskeptic parties much less likely to view the EU favorably. However, criticism of the EU by a party does not always translate to its supporters viewing the EU negatively.
- Overwhelming majorities disapprove
Credence to Media, Influence of Russian Propaganda, And Media Literacy in Ukr...Mariana Zakusylo
1) A poll conducted in February 2018 in Ukraine found that Ukrainian national TV is the main source of information for most Ukrainians, followed by Ukrainian internet media and social networks. However, 5% of Ukrainians still receive information from Russian TV channels.
2) Opinions varied on issues related to the conflict in eastern Ukraine and Crimea. A majority believe that Russia and separatists initiated the war, while a minority think it was the Ukrainian government. Most also think Ukrainian-speaking citizens face persecution in Russian-controlled areas.
3) Support for banning Russian media was mixed, with more in western Ukraine backing bans than in eastern Ukraine. Over half of respondents thought bans of Russian TV channels were necessary, while over half also thought
This document summarizes the results of a survey on national information policy in Ukraine in the face of Russian aggression, with a focus on the Donetsk and Luhansk regions. Some key findings include: less than 1% of Ukrainians consider Russian television an objective news source, while 31.1% consider Ukrainian television objective; over 40% of Ukrainians feel nostalgia for the Soviet era but over 60% do not want it to return; and the government's information policy in Donetsk and Luhansk needs to be more sensitive to regional differences and build trust through focusing on facts rather than political stances.
- Viktor Orban has been the Prime Minister of Hungary for 6 years and has consolidated control over the country's assets and media, putting them in his own or his allies' pockets. He claims to support common Hungarians but failed to get enough turnout for a referendum against EU immigration policies.
- Orban is hollowing out Hungary's democratic institutions and challenging the EU, and the EU has been too lenient in response due to concerns about pushing Hungary closer to Russia or hurting the Hungarian people economically. However, this permissiveness only encourages more autocratic behavior from Orban and other leaders.
Battle of Narratives: Kremlin Disinformation in the Vitaliy Markiv Case in ItalyUkraineCrisisMediaCenter
This document provides background on the case of Vitaliy Markiv, a Ukrainian soldier arrested in Italy in 2017 for the deaths of an Italian photographer and Russian interpreter killed in Ukraine in 2014. It discusses how Russian disinformation narratives about Ukraine may have influenced the initial guilty verdict against Markiv in Italy. The document outlines its structure, methodology, and added value in examining the role of Kremlin propaganda in the Markiv case through analysis of court documents and Italian media coverage.
The Separatist War in Donbas: A Violent Break-up of Ukraine?DonbassFullAccess
This document analyzes the conflict in Donbas, Ukraine between pro-Russian separatists and the Ukrainian government. It notes that there are conflicting narratives about what caused the conflict and how it has unfolded. The study aims to determine why Ukraine experienced this violent conflict in Donbas by examining the roles and perspectives of different actors, including separatists, the Yanukovych government, Maidan opposition, Russia, the US, and the EU. It also analyzes a survey on public support for separatism in Donbas compared to other regions that was commissioned by the author. The conflict involved both a civil war and direct Russian military intervention and has international significance.
This document summarizes Eurasia Group's top geopolitical risks for 2020. It identifies three main risks:
1. Rigged US elections could undermine the legitimacy of the results and plunge the US into political uncertainty and instability as the outcome is contested. This could weaken US leadership globally.
2. The decoupling of technology between the US and China is fragmenting the global economy and challenging globalization.
3. Deteriorating economic and geopolitical trends, like trade conflicts and lack of global cooperation, are increasing the likelihood of a global crisis in 2020. The combination of these negative trends has not been seen in generations.
Gustavo De Arístegui: "Putin Has Lost Touch with Reality, He Considers That W...Lina Maya
Gustavo de Arístegui, an international affairs expert, was interviewed about the situation in Ukraine. He criticized Putin's aggressive actions, saying Putin has lost touch with reality and believes invading Ukraine is an act of self-defense. De Arístegui discussed how most Russians currently support the invasion due to nationalism and state-controlled media. He argued the geopolitical balance has changed with the invasion, and countries like Finland may reconsider their neutrality and join NATO for protection. The economic and strategic consequences will also be complex as other countries replace Russian exports.
It is true that studying the Kremlin's internal struggles is more an art than a science. Stratfor uses systematic approaches in much of its work, though the art of Kremlinology involves watching hundreds of seemingly unconnected events and pieces move while attempting to draw common threads into a narrative. It is an imperfect art but an important one nonetheless, and it is back in demand now that the Kremlin is facing multiple crises.
DuBow Digest Germany Edition November 2014 12dubowdigest
The document summarizes the results of the 2014 midterm elections in the United States and its impact on American Jews. It discusses how:
- Republicans won control of the Senate and House of Representatives, while American Jews continued to strongly support Democratic candidates by around 70%.
- A poll by J Street found that American Jewish voters prioritize domestic issues over Israel and support a two-state solution and Iran nuclear deal.
- The lone Jewish Republican in the House of Representatives was reelected, maintaining that party's very small share of the Jewish vote.
This document discusses gun deaths and gun control policy in the United States by analyzing statistics on causes of death, gun ownership, and homicides. It finds that while gun homicides receive much media attention, they account for less than 1% of total deaths in the US. Many other preventable causes of death like obesity, smoking and traffic accidents kill far more people each year. It also shows that demographic groups with higher gun ownership rates like older white males have lower homicide rates. The document questions whether limiting access to guns is the most effective way to reduce homicides and suggests addressing root causes like education, the economy, and mental health.
The authors have thoroughly studied newscasts and political talk-shows on three biggest Russian national TV channels for the period of 3,5 years July 1, 2014 - December 31, 2017. Based on that monitoring data the research provides unique and profound summary of key six narratives about Europe in top Russian TV.
Russia - in the world: past, present, future.Van Eric
Russia: different aspects: recent history, economic profile, lay-out of the country- government, parliament, juridical branche, institutions , people, population, health care, education, geo-politics, media, cartoons, Russia and the EU, Russia and the BRICS, the EAEU...version april 2019
DuBow Digest American edition sept. 19, 2012dubowdigest
The document discusses recent events in Germany that have upset the Jewish and Muslim communities. It summarizes reactions from German newspapers to Mitt Romney's comments about 47% of Americans being dependent on government. It also discusses the ongoing controversy in Germany around a court ruling that deemed circumcision a criminal act, and the international backlash this has caused. Other topics covered include a rabbi being attacked in Berlin and a report of increased neo-Nazi activity in eastern Germany.
Du Bow digestamerican edition july 29, 2011dubowdigest
This document summarizes several news stories from Germany:
1) Germany is facing pressure over its stance on Palestinian statehood at the UN in September. Chancellor Merkel opposes unilateral statehood but European unity is important. Germany's position will influence isolation of Israel.
2) A project is returning books taken by German Jews fleeing Nazi Germany to Germany to teach students history. The personal histories in the books help students understand the human costs of Nazi era.
3) Despite low poll numbers, Chancellor Merkel has announced she will run for re-election in 2013 and challenges opponents to find strong candidates against her.
4) The FDP, junior coalition partner of Merkel's CDU, faces declining support which
Du Bow Digest American Edition dec. 12, 2012dubowdigest
The document provides summaries of several news stories related to German-Jewish and German-Israeli relations. It discusses:
1) Angela Merkel's speech reaffirming her commitment to Israel's security and Jewish life in Germany.
2) Germany's abstention in the UN vote on Palestinian statehood, which disappointed Israel but which Germany viewed as supporting a two-state solution.
3) The annual meeting between the Israeli and German cabinets in Berlin, where Merkel and Netanyahu pledged continued friendship despite disagreements over settlements.
4) Germany's efforts to document remnants of German-Jewish culture worldwide through a public broadcaster project.
Objective: to identify the attitude of citizens of Ukraine to the socio-political and economic situation in the country, to determine the electoral preferences and level of confidence towards the civil and public institutions, as well as to form an estimate of judgments of the situation in the Donbas, e-declaration and other high-profile events
Du bow digest american edition jan. 10, 2011dubowdigest
The document discusses several political issues in Germany and Europe:
1) A new strain of anti-Semitism related to anti-Israel sentiment has emerged in Germany, despite efforts to confront the Nazi past. Polls show many Germans hold negative views of Israel.
2) The annual Adenauer Exchange program had positive experiences bringing young Germans to meet with American Jewish groups and discuss Jewish issues.
3) Belgium may split into two countries along ethnic-linguistic lines, as Flemish nationalists push for separation from the French-speaking south and the country struggles to form a new government.
Assessment of the situation in the donbas minsk agreementsUIFuture
This document summarizes the results of a socio-political survey regarding the situation in the Donbas region of Ukraine and the Minsk agreements. Key findings include:
- Only 11.4% of respondents were familiar with the content of the Minsk agreements, while 60.3% had superficial knowledge.
- Support for Ukraine adhering to the Minsk agreements decreased from 54.9% to 42.3% compared to a previous survey.
- Respondents were pessimistic about resolving the Donbas conflict, with 37.5% believing it would be frozen for a decade.
- There was no clear consensus on how to solve the problem of occupied Donbas territories.
Television is the dominant media in Russia, with three nationwide channels controlled by the government. The Russian government controls the messages and information received by citizens. It eliminated critical coverage on channels like NTV by taking them over. It rewards pro-government coverage and imprisons those who contradict the Kremlin's version of history. Most Russians distrust the objectivity of state-controlled television.
The document discusses how news and information may have been manipulated during the 2016 US presidential election and Brexit referendum in the UK. It notes that outright false reports, targeted social media campaigns, and lies from politicians were spread. Data analytics companies specialized in precision voter targeting on social media platforms. Fact checkers found many misleading or false statements from Trump and Brexit supporters regarding issues like Turkey's EU membership and UK payments to the EU. The British press also exhibited bias in favor of leaving the EU. Overall, the document examines how manipulation of news and information may have influenced the outcomes of these pivotal votes.
This document summarizes the methodology of a public opinion survey of Ukrainian residents conducted from June 9 to July 7, 2017. It describes the following key elements:
- A national sample of 2,400 respondents was collected through in-person interviews across Ukraine (excluding occupied territories).
- Additional oversamples of 1,200 respondents each were collected in the cities of Dnipro, Khmelnytskyi, Mariupol and Mykolaiv.
- The sampling methodology used a multi-stage probability sample to select respondents randomly from regions, settlements, and households while ensuring national representation.
George Floyd died on May 25, 2020 in Minneapolis, Minnesota. The cause of death was determined to be cardiopulmonary arrest complicating law enforcement subdual, restraint, and neck compression. The manner of death was ruled a homicide. Floyd was restrained by a law enforcement officer while experiencing a cardiopulmonary arrest. He had underlying health conditions including heart disease and recent drug use. The medical examiner's classification of manner of death is a statutory function for death certification and not a legal determination of culpability.
The rise of populist and extremist parties in Europe can be explained by their process of normalization and institutionalization over the past 20 years. Previously marginalized parties have modernized their leadership, rhetoric, and policies to become more acceptable. They have also gained popularity by presenting themselves as entrepreneurs bringing new issues neglected by mainstream parties. Meanwhile, traditional parties have lost momentum by failing to offer meaningful programs, policies, and ways to engage and mobilize citizens. The economic crisis further fueled populist criticism of elites and the EU. However, populism is a complex phenomenon not limited to extremist fringes, but also reflecting broader anxieties in society about globalization, national identity, and the changing role of the nation-state
Trends and Changes in the Choices of Media and Consumption of Information of ...Mariana Zakusylo
- Ukrainians have increased their consumption of information since COVID-19, with social media and relatives becoming more popular sources while TV remains dominant for older generations.
- The top five TV channels are 1+1, Ukraina, ICTV, STB, and Inter, though channels owned by Viktor Medvechuk and Petro Poroshenko are gaining trust. Perceptions of media sources differ regionally.
- Facebook is the most popular social network followed by Instagram, while Russian networks like VKontakte are used more in eastern regions. Telegram channels are popular in western and eastern Ukraine.
- Most prioritize interesting content and timely information in their media choices, while objectivity is more
This document summarizes Eurasia Group's top geopolitical risks for 2020. It identifies three main risks:
1. Rigged US elections could undermine the legitimacy of the results and plunge the US into political uncertainty and instability as the outcome is contested. This could weaken US leadership globally.
2. The decoupling of technology between the US and China is fragmenting the global economy and challenging globalization.
3. Deteriorating economic and geopolitical trends, like trade conflicts and lack of global cooperation, are increasing the likelihood of a global crisis in 2020. The combination of these negative trends has not been seen in generations.
Gustavo De Arístegui: "Putin Has Lost Touch with Reality, He Considers That W...Lina Maya
Gustavo de Arístegui, an international affairs expert, was interviewed about the situation in Ukraine. He criticized Putin's aggressive actions, saying Putin has lost touch with reality and believes invading Ukraine is an act of self-defense. De Arístegui discussed how most Russians currently support the invasion due to nationalism and state-controlled media. He argued the geopolitical balance has changed with the invasion, and countries like Finland may reconsider their neutrality and join NATO for protection. The economic and strategic consequences will also be complex as other countries replace Russian exports.
It is true that studying the Kremlin's internal struggles is more an art than a science. Stratfor uses systematic approaches in much of its work, though the art of Kremlinology involves watching hundreds of seemingly unconnected events and pieces move while attempting to draw common threads into a narrative. It is an imperfect art but an important one nonetheless, and it is back in demand now that the Kremlin is facing multiple crises.
DuBow Digest Germany Edition November 2014 12dubowdigest
The document summarizes the results of the 2014 midterm elections in the United States and its impact on American Jews. It discusses how:
- Republicans won control of the Senate and House of Representatives, while American Jews continued to strongly support Democratic candidates by around 70%.
- A poll by J Street found that American Jewish voters prioritize domestic issues over Israel and support a two-state solution and Iran nuclear deal.
- The lone Jewish Republican in the House of Representatives was reelected, maintaining that party's very small share of the Jewish vote.
This document discusses gun deaths and gun control policy in the United States by analyzing statistics on causes of death, gun ownership, and homicides. It finds that while gun homicides receive much media attention, they account for less than 1% of total deaths in the US. Many other preventable causes of death like obesity, smoking and traffic accidents kill far more people each year. It also shows that demographic groups with higher gun ownership rates like older white males have lower homicide rates. The document questions whether limiting access to guns is the most effective way to reduce homicides and suggests addressing root causes like education, the economy, and mental health.
The authors have thoroughly studied newscasts and political talk-shows on three biggest Russian national TV channels for the period of 3,5 years July 1, 2014 - December 31, 2017. Based on that monitoring data the research provides unique and profound summary of key six narratives about Europe in top Russian TV.
Russia - in the world: past, present, future.Van Eric
Russia: different aspects: recent history, economic profile, lay-out of the country- government, parliament, juridical branche, institutions , people, population, health care, education, geo-politics, media, cartoons, Russia and the EU, Russia and the BRICS, the EAEU...version april 2019
DuBow Digest American edition sept. 19, 2012dubowdigest
The document discusses recent events in Germany that have upset the Jewish and Muslim communities. It summarizes reactions from German newspapers to Mitt Romney's comments about 47% of Americans being dependent on government. It also discusses the ongoing controversy in Germany around a court ruling that deemed circumcision a criminal act, and the international backlash this has caused. Other topics covered include a rabbi being attacked in Berlin and a report of increased neo-Nazi activity in eastern Germany.
Du Bow digestamerican edition july 29, 2011dubowdigest
This document summarizes several news stories from Germany:
1) Germany is facing pressure over its stance on Palestinian statehood at the UN in September. Chancellor Merkel opposes unilateral statehood but European unity is important. Germany's position will influence isolation of Israel.
2) A project is returning books taken by German Jews fleeing Nazi Germany to Germany to teach students history. The personal histories in the books help students understand the human costs of Nazi era.
3) Despite low poll numbers, Chancellor Merkel has announced she will run for re-election in 2013 and challenges opponents to find strong candidates against her.
4) The FDP, junior coalition partner of Merkel's CDU, faces declining support which
Du Bow Digest American Edition dec. 12, 2012dubowdigest
The document provides summaries of several news stories related to German-Jewish and German-Israeli relations. It discusses:
1) Angela Merkel's speech reaffirming her commitment to Israel's security and Jewish life in Germany.
2) Germany's abstention in the UN vote on Palestinian statehood, which disappointed Israel but which Germany viewed as supporting a two-state solution.
3) The annual meeting between the Israeli and German cabinets in Berlin, where Merkel and Netanyahu pledged continued friendship despite disagreements over settlements.
4) Germany's efforts to document remnants of German-Jewish culture worldwide through a public broadcaster project.
Objective: to identify the attitude of citizens of Ukraine to the socio-political and economic situation in the country, to determine the electoral preferences and level of confidence towards the civil and public institutions, as well as to form an estimate of judgments of the situation in the Donbas, e-declaration and other high-profile events
Du bow digest american edition jan. 10, 2011dubowdigest
The document discusses several political issues in Germany and Europe:
1) A new strain of anti-Semitism related to anti-Israel sentiment has emerged in Germany, despite efforts to confront the Nazi past. Polls show many Germans hold negative views of Israel.
2) The annual Adenauer Exchange program had positive experiences bringing young Germans to meet with American Jewish groups and discuss Jewish issues.
3) Belgium may split into two countries along ethnic-linguistic lines, as Flemish nationalists push for separation from the French-speaking south and the country struggles to form a new government.
Assessment of the situation in the donbas minsk agreementsUIFuture
This document summarizes the results of a socio-political survey regarding the situation in the Donbas region of Ukraine and the Minsk agreements. Key findings include:
- Only 11.4% of respondents were familiar with the content of the Minsk agreements, while 60.3% had superficial knowledge.
- Support for Ukraine adhering to the Minsk agreements decreased from 54.9% to 42.3% compared to a previous survey.
- Respondents were pessimistic about resolving the Donbas conflict, with 37.5% believing it would be frozen for a decade.
- There was no clear consensus on how to solve the problem of occupied Donbas territories.
Television is the dominant media in Russia, with three nationwide channels controlled by the government. The Russian government controls the messages and information received by citizens. It eliminated critical coverage on channels like NTV by taking them over. It rewards pro-government coverage and imprisons those who contradict the Kremlin's version of history. Most Russians distrust the objectivity of state-controlled television.
The document discusses how news and information may have been manipulated during the 2016 US presidential election and Brexit referendum in the UK. It notes that outright false reports, targeted social media campaigns, and lies from politicians were spread. Data analytics companies specialized in precision voter targeting on social media platforms. Fact checkers found many misleading or false statements from Trump and Brexit supporters regarding issues like Turkey's EU membership and UK payments to the EU. The British press also exhibited bias in favor of leaving the EU. Overall, the document examines how manipulation of news and information may have influenced the outcomes of these pivotal votes.
This document summarizes the methodology of a public opinion survey of Ukrainian residents conducted from June 9 to July 7, 2017. It describes the following key elements:
- A national sample of 2,400 respondents was collected through in-person interviews across Ukraine (excluding occupied territories).
- Additional oversamples of 1,200 respondents each were collected in the cities of Dnipro, Khmelnytskyi, Mariupol and Mykolaiv.
- The sampling methodology used a multi-stage probability sample to select respondents randomly from regions, settlements, and households while ensuring national representation.
George Floyd died on May 25, 2020 in Minneapolis, Minnesota. The cause of death was determined to be cardiopulmonary arrest complicating law enforcement subdual, restraint, and neck compression. The manner of death was ruled a homicide. Floyd was restrained by a law enforcement officer while experiencing a cardiopulmonary arrest. He had underlying health conditions including heart disease and recent drug use. The medical examiner's classification of manner of death is a statutory function for death certification and not a legal determination of culpability.
The rise of populist and extremist parties in Europe can be explained by their process of normalization and institutionalization over the past 20 years. Previously marginalized parties have modernized their leadership, rhetoric, and policies to become more acceptable. They have also gained popularity by presenting themselves as entrepreneurs bringing new issues neglected by mainstream parties. Meanwhile, traditional parties have lost momentum by failing to offer meaningful programs, policies, and ways to engage and mobilize citizens. The economic crisis further fueled populist criticism of elites and the EU. However, populism is a complex phenomenon not limited to extremist fringes, but also reflecting broader anxieties in society about globalization, national identity, and the changing role of the nation-state
Trends and Changes in the Choices of Media and Consumption of Information of ...Mariana Zakusylo
- Ukrainians have increased their consumption of information since COVID-19, with social media and relatives becoming more popular sources while TV remains dominant for older generations.
- The top five TV channels are 1+1, Ukraina, ICTV, STB, and Inter, though channels owned by Viktor Medvechuk and Petro Poroshenko are gaining trust. Perceptions of media sources differ regionally.
- Facebook is the most popular social network followed by Instagram, while Russian networks like VKontakte are used more in eastern regions. Telegram channels are popular in western and eastern Ukraine.
- Most prioritize interesting content and timely information in their media choices, while objectivity is more
The document discusses Euroscepticism in several European countries from the perspective of young leaders. It begins with an introduction noting the rise of Euroscepticism across Europe and important elections and referendums coming in 2015. It then provides perspectives on Euroscepticism from young leaders in Britain, Denmark, France, Germany, Greece, Italy, Poland, Spain, and the Netherlands. The leaders discuss the importance and context of the Euroscepticism debate in their countries and how it relates to their country's view of the EU as a global actor.
Conflict in Media and Media in ConflictМихайло Дяків
The poll was conducted in August 2015 by FAMA sociological company and involved 2000 Ukrainian citizens. It examined Ukrainians' attitudes toward various issues, finding that 49% had negative views of authorities, 35% of decommunization reforms, and 29% of media. Those influenced by Russian propaganda were more likely to view IDPs, demobilized soldiers, and mobilization negatively as well. The research was commissioned by the Ukrainian Catholic University and Lviv Media Forum NGO to understand tensions in Ukraine and help media improve sensitive issue coverage.
The battle Against Credit Card Fraud: Cooperation between Airlines and Law En...Shalini Levens
Online transactions represent a large majority of all Airline ticket purchases. This article discloses how Airlines are dealing with cybercriminals and how cooperation with other Travel Merchants, Banks and Law Enforcement is fundamental
Comprehensive research: HOW THE WAR CHANGED ME AND THE COUNTRY. SUMMARY OF T...Ratinggroup
This document summarizes the results of a comprehensive study conducted in Ukraine from February 4-13, 2023 to understand how the views, assessments, and lives of Ukrainians have changed over the past year since Russia's full-scale invasion. Some key findings:
- Ukrainians initially reacted to the invasion with shock, confusion, and fear for loved ones, as most did not believe an invasion could actually happen.
- Faith in Ukraine's victory has risen dramatically over the year, from 56% in January 2022 to 95% in February 2023. Most believe victory will require at least six more months.
- While many Ukrainians' financial situations have deteriorated, almost 40% now feel more confident in the future
DuBow Digest Germany Edition January 2015dubowdigest
This document provides a summary of several news articles on current events related to Israel, Palestine, and the Jewish community. It discusses the terrorist attacks in Paris and rising anti-Semitism in Europe. It also summarizes polls showing a decrease in Democratic identification among American Jews and analyses the failed Palestinian resolution at the UN Security Council seeking statehood. The document argues that true responsibility needs to be placed on Palestinian leadership to make substantive concessions for peace rather than symbolic actions.
A year after je suis charlie, a divided France strugglesKyleMahoney
France remains deeply divided one year after the Charlie Hebdo and November 2015 terrorist attacks. Politicians are embroiled in bitter debates over security policies that exacerbate tensions, while the anti-immigration National Front party gains strength. The country faces social, economic, and identity divisions between its urban, rural, and suburban populations. The 2017 presidential election will likely focus on addressing questions over French national identity and improving social cohesion.
National information policy in the face of russian aggression: regional aspectDonbassFullAccess
This document summarizes the results of a survey on national information policy in Ukraine in the face of Russian aggression, with a focus on the Donetsk and Luhansk regions. Some key findings include: less than 1% of Ukrainians consider Russian television an objective news source, while 31.1% consider Ukrainian television objective; over 40% of Ukrainians feel nostalgia for the Soviet era but over 60% do not want it to return; and the government's information policy in Donbas needs to be more sensitive to regional differences and build trust through focusing on facts rather than politicization.
Du bow digest g germany edition may 30, 2014dubowdigest
This document provides a summary of recent news articles on various topics related to Jews in Europe and America. It discusses growing anti-Semitism in Europe as far-right parties gain power in the European parliament. It also summarizes an extensive global survey on anti-Semitic attitudes that found over a quarter of the world's population holds intense anti-Jewish views. Additionally, it discusses the rejection of the Jewish advocacy group J Street's application to join an influential American Jewish organization and notes growing concerns about anti-Semitism from American Jews with family ties to Europe.
This document summarizes a passage about Germany's recent recognition of the Armenian genocide and the political context surrounding it. It discusses how Germany became the 27th country to officially acknowledge the genocide, angering Turkey. While Turkey recalled its ambassador to Germany and may take further action, full deterioration of German-Turkish relations is unlikely due to economic ties. The passage also examines why the US has failed to recognize the genocide for over 100 years, despite some domestic support, due to lobbying efforts from Armenian and Turkish interest groups.
Du Bow Digest Germany Edition Sept. 24, 2013 adubowdigest
This document provides a summary of recent news coverage of Angela Merkel's reelection as Chancellor of Germany. It also discusses two articles analyzing the future of European Jewry. One argues that anti-Semitism will lead to the end of Jewish life in Europe, while the other contends that low birth rates mean Jewish populations will decline demographically over time. Additionally, the document outlines how newly discovered natural gas and oil deposits off Israel's coast and in the Golan Heights could impact the geopolitical situation in the region.
Opposition to Russian Propaganda and Media Literacy: Results of All-Ukrainian...DonbassFullAccess
The document summarizes the results of an opinion poll conducted in Ukraine in February 2018 regarding media usage, opposition to Russian propaganda, and media literacy. Some key findings:
- The vast majority of Ukrainians get their information from Ukrainian TV channels, while a small percentage use Russian media. Most Ukrainians check information from different sources.
- Respondents feel they lack information about government strategies on Crimea and eastern Ukraine. Younger Ukrainians feel more informed on these issues.
- Interpretations of the conflict in eastern Ukraine differ significantly between western and eastern Ukraine. Support for restricting Russian media is higher in western Ukraine.
The document discusses several issues facing Greek youth:
1) Unemployment is a major challenge for Greek youth, with youth unemployment rates over twice the national average. This denies many young people their basic rights.
2) Immigration to Greece increased in the 1990s due to unrest in the Balkans. However, immigration has declined recently as the situation in the Balkans has stabilized.
3) A survey of Greek students found most oppose violence but some have experienced or committed acts of violence. They believe other students' behavior and the school environment contribute most to violence in schools.
Right-Wing Populism in Europe and the United StatesJeffrey Hart
This document defines and discusses the rise of right-wing populism in Europe and the United States. It outlines key elements of right-wing populism including emphasizing sovereignty of the people, advocating for ordinary citizens, attacking elites, ostracizing outsiders, and invoking traditional regions. Several prominent European right-wing populist party leaders are profiled, and factors explained for the rise of populism like slow economic growth, anti-globalization sentiments, and the refugee crisis. The document concludes that supporters of European right-wing populist parties are largely anti-immigration and anti-EU, and that continued economic struggles could exacerbate the movement's challenges to democracy.
The Eurozone Crisis and the Democratic DeficitMiqui Mel
This document summarizes a conference on the democratic deficit and Eurozone crisis. It includes summaries of papers presented at the conference on topics related to the democratic legitimacy of EU institutions and policy responses to the crisis. One paper argues that greater political union is needed to legitimately and effectively address the crisis, while others fear this could compound economic and political problems given differences between member states. The introduction provides context on the conference and debates issues of democracy, solidarity and diversity in the EU framework.
Migration Crisis: International Cooperation and National StrategiesRussian Council
Migration has moved to the top of the global political agenda in recent times. The unprecedented influx of
refugees to Europe, on the one hand, and the high rate of South–North economic migration on the other,
have led to sharp political and public opinion divisions.
Over the last year-and-a-half, the expressions “migration crisis” and “refugee crisis” have become firmly
lodged in the political and journalist discourse. However, to what extent does the term “crisis” reflect the
real state of affairs? And to what extent does it reflect the way it is perceived? What can be done at the
national and international levels to change the situation? What is the current state of international cooperation on migration regulation? What is the outlook for this cooperation in the foreseeable future? And
what is Russia’s place in this cooperation?
The abovementioned issues were discussed during the II International conference “Migration crisis:
international cooperation and national strategies”, that was held on September 22-23, 2016 in Moscow
and organized by Russian International Affairs Council (RIAC) and The Russian Presidental Academy of
National Economy and Public Administration (RANEPA). The paper presents the key results of the discussion of the following questions: (1) an analysis of the international migration system over the past half a century; (2) an examination of the demographic, economic, political and humanitarian aspects of the
crisis; (3) a look at the phenomenon of migration in reference to security problems; (4) a review of the state
of international cooperation in migration regulation.
This document provides an overview of Euroscepticism as a phenomenon challenging European elites. It discusses Euroscepticism in different parts of Europe, both among populist and extremist right-wing parties as well as more moderate voices. The author analyzes Euroscepticism in the European Parliament and evaluates the challenges posed by the rise of Eurosceptical views. The document aims to distinguish between Euroscepticism as a general sentiment versus as a part of specific political profiles and ideologies.
Similar to European peoples behind_ukraine-en (20)
This document summarizes an IMF staff report on Ukraine's economic performance under its Stand-By Arrangement and requests for changes to the arrangement. Key points include:
- Ukraine took corrective actions to address earlier issues with the program by strengthening the central bank's independence and anti-corruption framework.
- The economy performed better than expected in 2020 but growth has stalled and inflation risks are rising.
- Reserves are projected to remain below targets, so maintaining the program's support is important for stability.
- Risks remain from off-budget spending, quasi-fiscal activities, and governance issues, so Ukraine must demonstrate strong policy commitment going forward.
- The IMF supports completing Ukraine's first
Rudy Giuliani discusses with Ukrainian officials investigations into Joe Biden and Ukrainian interference in the 2016 US election. He urges them to publicly announce investigations and says this would help "clear the air" and improve US-Ukraine relations. A Ukrainian official agrees to raise the issue of appointing a investigator when Zelensky speaks with Trump this week. Giuliani says if Zelensky does this, it would be "good for all of us" and "move things along very fast."
This document discusses the economic costs to Ukraine from Russian aggression in Crimea and eastern Ukraine. It estimates total asset losses from the territories being $98.4 billion based on pre-war GDP figures. For Crimea, Russia has imposed its laws and institutions while seizing over 400 Ukrainian companies. The economy is now fully dependent on Russian subsidies of $2 billion annually. In eastern Ukraine, fighting and Russian occupation have caused widespread destruction and population flight from over 3 million people, leaving the region largely lawless and dependent on Russian pensions for those who remain. Sanctions on Russia have severely impacted Crimea's economy and trade.
This document presents adjusted refusal rates for B-visa applications by nationality for fiscal year 2017. It includes refusal rates for 207 different nationalities ranging from 0% for countries like Andorra and Liechtenstein to over 70% for countries such as Afghanistan, Burundi, Chad, Cuba, Djibouti, Eritrea, Haiti, Iraq, Somalia, and Yemen. Nationalities with the highest refusal rates tend to be in Africa and the Middle East while European countries have some of the lowest refusal rates.
Essential Tools for Modern PR Business .pptxPragencyuk
Discover the essential tools and strategies for modern PR business success. Learn how to craft compelling news releases, leverage press release sites and news wires, stay updated with PR news, and integrate effective PR practices to enhance your brand's visibility and credibility. Elevate your PR efforts with our comprehensive guide.
केरल उच्च न्यायालय ने 11 जून, 2024 को मंडला पूजा में भाग लेने की अनुमति मांगने वाली 10 वर्षीय लड़की की रिट याचिका को खारिज कर दिया, जिसमें सर्वोच्च न्यायालय की एक बड़ी पीठ के समक्ष इस मुद्दे की लंबित प्रकृति पर जोर दिया गया। यह आदेश न्यायमूर्ति अनिल के. नरेंद्रन और न्यायमूर्ति हरिशंकर वी. मेनन की खंडपीठ द्वारा पारित किया गया
Youngest c m in India- Pema Khandu BiographyVoterMood
Pema Khandu, born on August 21, 1979, is an Indian politician and the Chief Minister of Arunachal Pradesh. He is the son of former Chief Minister of Arunachal Pradesh, Dorjee Khandu. Pema Khandu assumed office as the Chief Minister in July 2016, making him one of the youngest Chief Ministers in India at that time.
13062024_First India Newspaper Jaipur.pdfFIRST INDIA
Find Latest India News and Breaking News these days from India on Politics, Business, Entertainment, Technology, Sports, Lifestyle and Coronavirus News in India and the world over that you can't miss. For real time update Visit our social media handle. Read First India NewsPaper in your morning replace. Visit First India.
CLICK:- https://firstindia.co.in/
#First_India_NewsPaper
1. POLL
03 – 2022
ÉDITIONS
–Gilles Finchelstein
–Amandine Clavaud
–Jérémie Peltier
European peoples
behind Ukraine
The Ukrainian war seen
from France, Germany, Italy
and Poland
2. Amandine Clavaud is Manager for
Europe, Head of the Gender Equality’s
Observatory, Fondation Jean-Jaurès.
Gilles Finchelstein is General Director,
Fondation Jean-Jaurès.
Jérémie Peltier is Head of
the Studies and Research Department,
Fondation Jean-Jaurès.
3. 1
The 6 key points
in the overwhelming support
of Europeans to Ukraine
01
84% have a good opinion of Ukraine, vs. 16 %
for Russia.
02
75% have a good opinion of Volodymyr
Zelensky; 9% of Vladimir Putin.
03
79% support economic and financial
sanctions against Russia (of these 57% say
they ‘strongly approve’).
04
67% support providing military equipment to
Ukraine and 87% support taking in refugees.
05
71% support allowing Ukraine into the EU.
06
68% are in favor of creating a European
army.
4. 2
Is Russia’s war against Ukraine crystallizing unity
amongst Europeans in a period of extreme tension
on the international stage and in a tragic huanitarian
contex?
Governments are all standing behind Ukraine while
seeking to avoid escalation and doing their utmost to
find a diplomatic solution. Many Europeans are
expressing their support for Ukraine by taking part in
protests and launching numerous initiatives.
But what is the nature and extent of this support?
How do European citizens view their countries and
their leaders?
Are they ready to provide military equipment or to
take in refugees?
To have Ukraine become a member of the European
Union (EU) ?
Do they view the creation of a European army as one
of the possible responses to ensure that Europe is
protected against the current threats?
These are some of the questions that the Yalta
European Strategy (YES) and the Fondation
Jean-Jaurès seek to asnwer through a novel European
survey carried out by Ifop in four countries, France,
Germany, Italy and Poland, from March 3 to 7 2022,
one week after the beginning of the war.
The results of the survey in countries that together
total 55% of the population of the EU, calls for an
interpretation nuanced by the historical, geographi-
cal, sociological and political differences between
and within these countries.
One conclusion stands out beyond a doubt: Euro-
peans overwhelmingly support Ukraine.
Methodology
European views on the crisis in Ukraine
An Ifop survey conducted for Yalta European
Strategy (YES) and the Fondation Jean-Jaurès, by
means of an on-line self-administered question-
naire among a representative sample group based
on quotas by age, gender, and profession, after
stratifying the regions and type of urban agglome-
ration. .
The survey was conducted with the following
sample groups, representative of the 18 and over
age category:
– France : 1002 individuals ,
– Germany : 1011 individuals,
– Italy : 1001 individuals,
– Poland : 994 individuals.
Relative share of the population of the EU:
– France : 15,1 %,
– Germany : 18,6 %,
– Italy : 13,2 %,
– Poland : 8,5 %.
All figures given as an average for the four
countries are a weighted average based on the
population of each country.
Introduction
5. 3
European consensus against
Russia and in favor of Ukraine
A survey in countries as different as France,
Germany, Italy and Poland will inevitably give rise to
differing responses that reflect the political and
territorial situation of each country as well as their
unique cultural and historical features.
Yet what stands out regarding the war in Ukraine
is the exceptionally strong consensus among the
populations of these four countries in their opinion
of Ukraine, Russia and their leaders.
Starting with Ukraine, the survey shows that over
80% of the French, Germans, Italians and Poles
respondents have a good opinion of Ukraine. If we
take a closer look, it is noteworthy that the Poles,
whose country borders on Ukraine and who are
obviously the most ‘directly concerned’by the ongoing
conflict, express the most enthusiasm for Ukraine,
with 90% holding a good opinion of the country, com-
pared with 86% for the German respondents, 82%
for the French and 80% for the Italian. The Polish
case is even more impressive when we narrow it
down to just the respondents with a ‘very good
opinion’of Ukraine: they are only 18% in France, 23%
in Germany and 25% in Italy, whereas they are 49%
in Poland, that is every other person in the country.
Turning to the special case of France, it is interesting
to note the ‘war effect’ on the way the French view
Ukraine. While today 82% say that they have a good
opinion of this country, they were only 60% to express
this sentiment in December 2018, four years after
the annexation of Crimea.
The image of Russia, Ukraine,
and their presidents
– Jérémie Peltier
Ukraine’s and Russia’s image
Question: You personally, do you have a very good opinion, somewhat good opinion,
somewhat bad opinion or very bad opinion...?
TOTAL "Good opinion" (in %)
France Germany Italy Poland
Average of
all four countries
Of Ukraine 82 86 80 91 84
Of Russia 21 19 13 6 16
6. France Germany Italy Poland
Average of
all four countries
Of Volodymyr Zelensky,
65 80 67 93 75
the Ukrainian president
Of Vladimir Putin, the President
12 8 9 3 9
of the Russian Federation
European peoples behind Ukraine
There is consensus on Ukraine certainly, but also
regarding Russia. Indeed, the negative opinion is
unanimous amongst the citizens of these four
countries vis-à-vis Russia, with Poland once again
holding the strongest positions: 6% of Poles have a
positive opinion of Russia, compared with 13%
of Italians, 19% of Germans and 21% of French.
Here again, when we look only at people who say
they have a ‘very poor opinion’ of Russia, the Polish
position truly stands out: while 41% of French
respondents, 44% of Germans and 53% of Italians
say they have a very poor opinion of Russia, 75%
of Poles feel this way, thus expressing their real
rejection of the former ‘big brother’.
Vladimir Putin vs.
Volodymyr Zelensky
Much has already been said and written about the
communication battle raging between Vladimir
Putin and Volodymyr Zelensky which is being
conducted in parallel with the armed conflict.
While the former has already lost the battle by
sticking to a very outdated communication style in
his face-off with a Ukrainian president who is nim-
ble on social media and with instant communica-
tion, it is equally clear that Putin has also lost on
another front, the battle of image.
This is what emerges when we look at public
opinion in the four countries, albeit with some real
differences. While 65% of French respondents
– but with 21% having no opinion – and 67% of
Italians say they have a good opinion of Volodymyr
Zelensky, in Germany the figure reaches 80%, and
93% in Poland which once again stands out in its
overwhelming support for Ukraine and its president.
On the other hand, 12% of French people have a
good opinion of Vladimir Putin, a view shared by 9%
of Italians, 8% of Germans and only 3% of Poles.
Once again, this is even more enlightening when we
look at the numbers of respondents at the extremes,
with either a very good or a very poor opinion. While
65% of French respondents, 70% of the Italians and
73% of the Germans have a very negative opinion
of Vladimir Putin, this is the case for 86% of the
Poles. In the same vein, and even more spectacu-
larly, while 19% of the French, 24% of Italian and
30% of German respondents have a very good
opinion of Volodymyr Zelensky, 74% of the Poles
express this opinion.
Some noteworthy features
revealed
The radical left and radical right in Europe
While there is a very strong consensus regarding
support to Ukraine and rejection of Russia, it is
nevertheless worthwhile teasing out some differences
that follow political affiliation in the four countries.
In this respect one of the most striking features
concerns voters and supporters of the radical left
and the radical right in each one of the countries
surveyed, who in all cases are the least ‘critical’ of
Russia and Vladimir Putin.
4
Image of Ukraine’s and Russia’s leaders
Question: You personally, do you have a very good opinion, somewhat good opinion,
somewhat bad opinion or very bad opinion...?
TOTAL "Good opinion" (in %)
7. The image of Russia, Ukraine, and their presidents
In France, where 21% of respondents have a good
opinion of Russia, a break-down according to affilia-
tion shows that 43% of those supporting Mélenchon’s
La France insoumise, 25% of Eric Zemmour's
Reconquête party and 22% of Marine Le Pen’
Rassemblement national are in this category.
The same is true in Germany, where 19% of respon-
dents have a good opinion of Russia, an opinion
shared by 34% of people close to the radical left and
45% of those close to the radical right (AfD, NPD).
In Italy too, to a lesser extent, while 13% of the
respondents had a positive opinion of Russia, that
proportion was 19% in the case of respondents close
to the radical left and 17% of those close to the
radical right.
Even in Poland, despite the fact that the country
stands out in this survey by way of the degree to
which it detests Russia, we find the same phenome-
non on the radical right: whereas 6 % of Polish people
have a positive opinion of Russia, the proportion of
those close to the radical right was 21%.
The same specific phenomenon is found on both the
radical left and the radical right when respondents
were asked not about their opinion of Russia but
about their opinion of Vladimir Putin.
In France, where 12% of all respondents said they
had a positive opinion of the Head of the Kremlin,
the proportion was 23% among respondents inten-
ding to vote for Jean-Luc Mélenchon in the first
round of the forthcoming presential election and 17%
among Éric Zemmour’s supporters.
In Germany, where 8% of all respondents said they
had a positive opinion of Vladimir Putin, that
proportion was 27% among those close to the AfD
and the NPD.
In Italy, where 9% of all respondents said they had a
positive opinion of Vladimir Putin, the proportion
was 15% among respondents close to the radical left
and 10% of those close to the radical right (versus 4%
of respondents close to the moderate right wing, for
instance).
Finally, in Poland, whereas 3% of all respondents
said they had a positive opinion of Vladimir Putin,
the proportion was 11% among those close to the
radical right.
Eastern Germany vs. western Germany
When analyzing European opinion concerning
Ukraine and Russia, there is one remarkable aspect
in the case of Germany, i.e. the difference of opinion
between respondents in western Germany and eas-
tern Germany concerning Russia and Vladimir Putin.
While 19% of all Germans had a positive opinion
of Russia, the figure was as high as 30% of Germans
living in the eastern part of the country (Brandenburg
and Saxony) compared with 16% of those living in
the western part of the country.
Similarly, with 8% of all Germans having a positive
opinion of Vladimir Putin, the proportion was 15%
of those living in the eastern part of the country
versus 7% of their western counterparts.
The case of young people in France
Though differences of opinion are not very striking
when public opinion is analyzed for the four coun-
tries, it is nonetheless noteworthy that young people
in France are the only group to stand out among
young generations in Europe concerning their
opinions on Russia and Vladimir Putin.
In fact, while 21% of French people said they had a
positive opinion of Russia, the figure was 30% among
respondents under 35 and as high as 35% among
those in the 18-24 age group, i.e. people who were
not alive at the time of the fall of the Berlin Wall
(compared with 11% of young people aged 18 to 24
in Germany, for instance, or 14% of young Italians).
Conversely, in France, among people who were
18 years old or more at the time of the fall of the
Berlin Wall, i.e. those aged 50 to 64, only 13% said
they had a positive opinion of Russia (the lowest
approval rate of all age groups in France).
The particular case of young people in France also
applies to Vladimir Putin’s image: whereas 12% of
French respondents had a positive opinion of Vladi-
mir Putin, the proportion was 20% among those
under 35, versus a mere 6% among those in the
50-64 age group. By comparison, only 9% of young
Germans under 35 had a positive opinion of Vladimir
Putin, and only 8% of young Italians.
8. France Germany Italy Poland
Average of
all four countries
TOTAL Approve 72 80 80 91 79
– Fully approve 48 57 57 79 57
– Somewhat, approve 24 23 23 12 22
TOTAL Disapprove 16 15 15 6 14
– Somewhat disapprove 9 8 9 3 8
– Fully disapprove 7 7 6 3 6
No opinion 12 5 5 3 7
6
Russia was already under economic and financial
sanctions since the annexation of Crimea in 2014.
A new series of sanctions has been put in place
by the European Union and the United States, since
the invasion of Ukraine by the Russian army on
February 24. The public sanctions – first economic
and financial, then in the world of sports – have been
followed by sanctions imposed by private companies
doing business in Russia.
How did the European citizens surveyed respond to
these sanctions that are unprecedented both in their
scope and the speed with which they were deployed?
The major finding is that the support for the
sanctions is overwhelming. This can be seen in the
average rate of approval of the four countries
surveyed 79% and it is true for each country as well,
with 72% in favor in France, and 91% in Poland and
the highest rate of those against is 16%.
Beyond these figures it should be emphasized that
the absolute majority of those in favor say they
are ‘strongly in favor’ with 48% in France, 57% in
Germany and in Italy and 79% in Poland.
Adherence to the economic and financial sanctions taken by the Europeans against Russia (in %)
Question: You know that European countries have taken economic and financial sanctions against Russia,
following the Russian invasion of Ukraine. Do you personally approve or disapprove of the economic and financial sanctions
taken by European countries against Russia?
Support for sanctions economic
and financial against Russia
–Gilles Finchelstein
9. Support for sanctions economic and financial against Russia
Beyond this major finding, four features can be
identified in the responses that are common to the
four countries and deserve to be highlighted as they
shed some light the minor differences of perception
in otherwise overwhelming support.
First, the level of educational attainment provides
one insight into the responses - in all countries the
rate of support for sanctions increases with the level
of education. Respondents without higher education
are in the majority in favor of sanctions but with a
gap of 14 points in France and Germany, 13 points
in Poland and 9 points in Italy between those with
higher education degrees vs. those without.
Second, and perhaps more significantly, the closer
one gets to the far right is a main factor that underlies
lack of support for the sanctions in all four countries.
In France the gap between Éric Zemmour supporters
and those who vote for Emmanuel Macron is
20 points on the question of sanctions. In Germany
only 46% of AfD supporters are in favor of sanctions
as opposed to the 88% rate of support amongst CDU
voters and 93% for the SPD.
Support for sanctions and vote intentions for the
2022 presidential election in France (1st round)
Jean-Luc Mélenchon 72
Yannick Jadot 92
Emmanuel Macron 90
Valérie Pécresse 87
Marine Le Pen 64
Éric Zemmour 70
Support for sanctions and political proximity
in Germany
All left 89
Radical left 73
Moderate left (SPD, Grünen) 93
Center 87
All right 73
Moderate right (CDU/CSU) 88
Radical right (AfD, NPD) 46
10. 8
Support for Ukraine can be in quite different
forms. Two types of support were proposed to the
respondents of this survey: the provision of military
equipment for those fighting in Ukraine and taking
in refugees fleeing Ukraine. Obviously, these two
types of support are not mutually exclusive.
Here again, Europeans are facing a situation without
precedent. Without precedent because the European
Union – and even less so some of its Member States
– has never provided military equipment in any
such situation. Without precedent because we have
never experienced such large numbers of refugees
arriving at Europe’s borders, beginning with the
Polish border.
Support for the provision
of military equipment
Support is massive here again. There is a majority,
and a large majority, in favor in all four countries
surveyed. There is a wide gap between the percen-
tage who approve and the percentage who disap-
prove: 86 percentage points in Poland, 45 in France,
38 in Germany and 22 in Italy.
However, this overwhelming support needs to be
qualified in two respects:
– on the one hand, support for the provision of
military equipment is not as strong as support for
Approval of support
to Ukraine
–Gilles Finchelstein
Support for the supply of military equipment to Ukraine by the Europeans (in %)
Question: European countries have also decided to provide weapons of war
to Ukraine to help it defend itself against the Russian invasion. Do you personally approve or disapprove
of the supply of weapons of war to Ukraine by European countries?
France Germany Italy Poland
Average of
all four countries
TOTAL Approve 65 66 57 91 67
– Fully approve 35 37 28 74 40
– Somewhat, approve 30 29 29 17 27
TOTAL Disapprove 20 28 35 5 24
– Somewhat disapprove 12 14 16 3 12
– Fully disapprove 8 14 19 2 12
No opinion 15 6 8 4 9
11. economic and financial sanctions: -7 points in
France, -14 points in Germany and, especially
-23 points in Italy. This may be due to fear of being
drawn into a situation that spirals out of control or to
political cultures that are more reluctant to provide
military equipment.
– on the other hand, support for the provision of
military equipment is not as intense: only 28% of
Italians, 35% of French and 37% of Germans said
they “strongly” approved, with the Poles standing out
once again at 74%.
Furthermore, the survey revealed features common
to European countries that are somewhat different
to those revealed in the case of support for economic
sanctions.
On this issue, gender was important – and not
just the level of education. In fact, in three of the
countries surveyed, women were considerably more
reluctant to send military equipment than men, with
variances of 6 points in Germany, 10 points in Italy
and even 16 points in France.
Support for the provision of military equipment
by sex (in %)
France Germany Italy Poland
Men 73 69 62 91
Women 57 63 52 90
Moreover, political positioning had a considerable
bearing but concerns the radical left as much as the
radical right, with the French and German responses
shedding light on the findings. In France, if we
limit the scope to the five main candidates for the
presidential election, the rate of approval is a mere
58% among people intending to vote for Éric
Zemmour, 63% of those voting for Marine Le Pen
and 65% among those voting for Jean-Luc Mélen-
chon; the rate of approval is highest among people
intending to vote for Valérie Pécresse (82%) and
Emmanuel Macron (83%). In Germany, it stands at
36% on the extreme right and 46% on the radical left,
but conversely at 77% among CDU voters and 82%
of SPD supporters.
Support for taking
in refugees
The power of imagery such as feeling close to Ukrai-
nians is the reason behind scores that are spectacular
on two counts:
- Spectacular by the sheer volume of support: with
scores of 80% in France, 89% in Italy, 90% in Ger-
many and 92% in Poland, we are close to unanimous
support and Europeans are speaking with one voice;
Approval of support to Ukraine
9
Support for hosting some of the Ukrainian refugees in one’s country (in %)
Question: You know that hundreds of thousands of Ukrainians are currently fleeing their country as a result
of the invasion of Ukraine by Russian troops. Would you personally be in favour or opposed to spreading these people
among the different countries in Europe and to our country taking in some of them?
France Germany Italy Poland
Average of
all four countries
In favour 80 90 89 92 87
Not in favour 20 10 11 8 13
12. European peoples behind Ukraine
Spectacular by the size of the shift: faced with a
large-scale refugee crisis in 2015, Europe’s govern-
ments and populations were divided. While support
for taking in refugees has risen by 11 percentage
points in Germany (with approval at 66% among
AfD voters) and by 12 points in Italy, the shift is
most remarkable in France (+36 points) where
three-quarters of Éric Zemmour’s and Marine Le
Pen’s voters approve.
Adherence to the reception of part of the Ukrainian refugees in his country -
Comparison with the adherence to the reception of migrants from the Mediterranean (September 2015)
Question: Personally, would you be in favour of or opposed to these people being spread
among the different countries of Europe and to our country receiving some of them?
Evolution of "Favourable" responses (in %)
France Germany Italy
Sept. 2015 March 2022 Evol. Sept. 2015 March 2022 Evol. Sept. 2015 March 2022 Evol.
46 80 +36 79 90 +11 77 89 +12
The only (slight) nuance concerning this quasi-
unanimity is not entirely intuitive. One might have
thought that young people would be the most
supportive of taking in refugees, but it turns out to
be exactly the opposite with gaps of 4 points in Italy,
8 in Poland, 10 in Germany and 12 in France
between under 25s and over 65s.
Support for taking in refugees by age (in %)
France Germany Italy Poland
18-35 age group 73 86 89 90
+ 65 years old 85 96 93 98
Gap 12 10 4 8
13. 11
Ever since 2004, i.e. since the inclusion of the central
and eastern European countries, the question of
enlarging Europe has been on the table.
It has been raised within the European Union which
is experiencing what is sometimes referred to as
“enlargement fatigue” and which, during this same
period, has had to deal with not just Turkey’s appli-
cation for membership proving increasingly difficult
to manage as Turkey moved away from the values
of EU countries, but also with a protracted Brexit,
not forgetting the numerous crises that succeeded
one another.
The issue of enlargement has also been raised on
several occasions by Ukraine, particularly after the
Orange Revolution in 2004 and the annexation of
Crimea by Russia in 2014.
The war in Ukraine has changed the situation: on
March 7, 2022, the Ambassadors representing
the EU’s 27 Member States in Brussels invited the
Commission to present its recommendation on the
EU membership applications of Ukraine, Georgia
and Moldova.
If we compare the findings of this recently conducted
survey with those of previous European surveys on
the same issue1
, we arrive at two major conclusions:
1- Support for Ukraine’s accession has never been
stronger than it is now.
2- Support for Ukraine’s accession has risen in all
four countries surveyed: by comparison with 2007,
support increased by 6 points in France, 12 points in
Italy, 18 in Poland and 25 in Germany ; by compa-
rison with 2014 (Franco-German survey only), the
increase is even more striking with +31 points in
Germany and +33 points in France.
Support for Ukraine joining
the European Union
–Gilles Finchelstein
Support for Ukraine’s entry into the European Union (in %)
Question: Personally, are you in favour or opposed to Ukraine's entry into the European Union?
1. Notably by YES from 2005 with TNS Opinion and by IFOP for Le Figaro.
France Germany Italy Poland
Average of
all four countries
In favour 62 69 71 91 71
Not in favour 38 31 29 9 29
14. European peoples behind Ukraine
Finally, an analysis of the situations in France and
Germany gives us a better understanding of these
changes.
In Germany, while the opponents of Ukrainian
accession were in the majority in 2007 as in 2014,
now only 29% of respondents are opposed to the
idea. However, support for membership is as high
as 71% among CDU supporters and 79% among
those of the SPD. Even in eastern Germany, where
opposition to enlargement traditionally runs high,
56% are in favor. Now only a majority of AfD
supporters remain hostile (59%).
In France, the working class and young people
are now just as much in favor of Ukraine’s accession
as the other categories (they were less in favor
beforehand), with even 61% of Marine Le Pen’s
voters approving. The only category with a majority
against Ukraine’s accession is Éric Zemmour
supporters (61%).
15. 13
As the EU heads of state and government meet
in Versailles on March 10 and 11 for a European
Council meeting under the French Presidency of the
EU to discuss the Russia’s war on Ukraine, European
sovereignty, also referred to as ‘the strategic autonomy
of Europe’ or ‘the European strategic compass’
appears to be producing actions.
On February 27, following the statement by Presi-
dent Ursula Von Der Leyen, the High Representative
of the European Union for ForeignAffairs and Secu-
rity Policy, Josep Borrell Fontelles, announced that
the European Union (EU) would finance the
purchase and delivery of lethal weapons and equip-
ment worth 500 million € through the European
Peace Facility, created to provide assistance under
emergency measures. Europe’s chief diplomat was
quick to emphasize that this was a historic first for
the EU: ‘Another taboo has fallen. The taboo that the
European Union was not providing arms in a war. Yes,
we are doing it. […] This will be the first time in
history that the EU will be providing lethal equip-
ment to a third country.’1
On March 2, French President Emmanuel Macron
went further: ‘We cannot depend on others to defend
ourselves on the ground, at sea, under the oceans, in
the air, in space or in cyberspace. To this end, our
European Defense must reach a new level.’2
This
was the very purpose of the European Summit.
The Survey European views on the crisis in Ukraine
conducted by Ifop in partnership with Yalta European
Strategy and the Fondation Jean-Jaurès polled a
representative panel of public opinion in four Euro-
pean countries - France, Germany, Italy and Poland
- on the perception of European security and defense
policy and what is at stake in the building of a
‘Europe of Defense’.
Strong support for Europe’s
decision to supply Ukraine
with military equipment
and weapons
Facing an extensive war being waged on the Euro-
pean continent and the fear it is causing, the citizens
of European countries who responded to the survey
broadly approve, not surprisingly the decision of
European governments to supply weapons to Ukraine
to help the country to defend itself against the inva-
sion by Russia. 57% of Italians respondents approve,
as do 65% of the French people, 66% of Germans
and 91% of Poles. There are several reasons behind
such high approval rates, that are both geographical
and historical. The closer we get to Ukraine, the
stronger the support in favor of the EU providing
weapons; in Germany 66% are in favor while in
Poland the figure reaches 91%. The massive support
for these measures in Poland - 9 out of 10 Poles
support providing arms to Ukraine - is a direct result
of the perceived threat of war at Poland’s border,
Memorandum on European defense :
‘lifting the taboo’
–Amandine Clavaud
1. https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/STATEMENT_22_1463
2. https://www.elysee.fr/front/pdf/elysee-module-19386-fr.pdf
16. France Germany Italy Poland
Average of
all four countries
TOTAL In favour 68 66 59 87 68
– Fully in favour 27 16 26 47 26
– Somewhat, in favour 41 50 33 40 42
TOTAL Not in favour 32 34 41 13 32
– Somewhat not in favour 18 24 23 9 20
– Fully not in favour 14 10 18 4 12
European peoples behind Ukraine
given the very long border it shares with Ukraine, and
because of Poland’s past as a member of the Soviet
bloc. Support is strongest among the 18-24 age
group, at 94% in favor, and in the 65 and over age
group at 93%.
Germany comes in second place in terms of the
percentage of people polled in favor. This is of course
a reflection of Chancellor Scholz’s statement of
February 27 in which he announced that 100 billion €
would be spent to modernize the German armed
forces and that the defense budget would increase,
thereby reversing the traditional German stance of
not investing in the military. The split between East
and West on this question is however significant,
with the population of Brandenburg and Saxony
much less favorable at 55% and 42% respectively,
while the Rhineland and Lower Saxony in the
western part of the country stand at 76% and 71%.
This division reflects the country’s history, cut in
half during the Cold War with West Germany
aligned with the United States and East Germany
with the USSR.
Lastly, Italy shows the lowest level of support for
these measures with only 57% of respondents in
favor, while in France the figure is 65%, just behind
Germany. This comes as more of a surprise given
that France has one of the strongest militaries in
the EU and is a driving force behind the creation of
a European Defense; one might therefore have
assumed that public opinion would have a better
grasp of the threats and what facing them involves.
Strong support for the creation
of a European army: how
European defense policy
can lead to greater European
integration
In answer to the question ‘Are you personally strongly
in favor, somewhat in favor or not at all in favor of the
creation of a European army?’the German and French
responses are close, with 68% of French people and
66% of Germans responding yes. The Italians are
stable, 59% of respondents saying yes vs. 62% in
March 2014.
The war in Ukraine is a major catalyst for public
support in European countries for stronger European
integration in common security and defense. In March
2014, 64% of French people supported the idea
and since then that figure has progressed by 4 points.
But it is in Germany that the turn-around in public
sentiment is the most dramatic: from March 2014
14
Support for the creation of a European army (in %)
Question: You personally, would you be completely in favour, somewhat in favour, somewhat not in favour
or not at all in favour of the creation of a European army?
17. Memorandum on European defense : ‘lifting the taboo’
to March 2022 the rate of approval has gained
22 points, going from 44% to 66%. The previous
reluctance of Germany, based on its internal assess-
ment of defense matters, has undergone a radical shift
in approach, bringing it more in line with the French
position. The Franco-German couple, the true engine
of European construction, seems to be stepping
into closer alignment, and public opinion in the two
countries seems to be strengthening the determination
of the political leadership of both countries to be more
united in their support of Ukraine and firm stance
against Russia.
In this regard, support for the creation of European
defense is strongest in Poland. 87% of Poles are
in favor of this goal. 91% of young people in the
18-24 age group are in favor, reflecting a strong
pro-European sentiment amongst those who grew up
in a country that joined the EU in 2004 and never
knew it as a part of the Soviet bloc, and have an abi-
ding fear of the threat of war in Ukraine.
There is another interesting finding that relates to
the profile of those who are reluctant to embrace the
notion of a European army. Voters with right-leaning
political sympathies are the least likely to be supportive
with only 60% of voters saying they intend to vote for
Marine Le Pen and 62% of those intending to vote
for Éric Zemmour in favor of the concept, whereas
there is 97% support among those who support
Yannick Jadot. The same holds true in the other coun-
tries polled, in Germany only 42% people who vote for
AfD or NPD are in favor of creating a European army;
in Poland, 54% of voters on the far right approve.
The same is true at the other end of the political s
pectrum with the radical left in France, Germany and
Italy with lower levels support than the national
average: 56% among voters supporting La France
insoumise (vs. 68% for all of France), 56% for the
radical left in Germany (vs. 66% for all Germans), 54%
for the radical left in Italy (vs. 59% for Italy at large).
These results illustrate the ambivalent relationship
these parties and their supporters have with the EU,
Eurosceptics on the one hand and those wanting to
engage in a power struggle with European institutions
on the other.
While the idea of a European defense force is gaining
acceptance in Europeans public opinion, becoming
firmer as international events unfold, there are
nuances to the level of support based on the history of
each country, Europe’s common history, geography and
political cleavages.
A ’geopolitical’ European
Union
Deepening European security and defense policy to
guarantee European sovereignty is therefore not only
necessary but unavoidable given the geopolitical
events that are unfolding. Made a policy priority at
the 2013 European Council meeting on defense, it
was further strengthened with the permanent struc-
tured cooperation launched in 2017 and then finan-
ced through the European Defense Fund; these are
the tools at hand to advance to advance European
Defense. While the ‘European strategic compass’was
Support for the creation of a European army (in %)
Question: You personally, would you be completely in favour, somewhat in favour,
somewhat not in favour or not at all in favour of the creation of a European army?
France Germany Italy Poland
March 2022 68 66 59 87
March 2014 64 44 62
18. on the agenda of the European Council meeting on
Marc 10 and 11 held in Versailles under the French
presidency of the EU, the war in Ukraine shows how
urgent it is to translate it into policy to give ‘member
states the common ambition to respond to the
challenges the EU is facing with concrete objectives
and outcomes in the next five to ten years’.1
The lines are shifting within the EU. The Prime
Minister of Denmark Mette Frederiksen, a social-
democrat, announced Denmark would hold a
referendum to ask the Danish people to join the
European security and defense policy that the country
had opted out of as one of the conditions set by
Denmark to sign the Maastricht Treaty. Other
measures were adopted as well, including a 2% of
GDP budget allocation to defense by 2033 and
additional financing of one billion € for defense over
the next two years. This shows that the determination
displayed by Ursula von Der Leyen and the High
Representative of the EU for Foreign Affairs and
security policy, Josep Borrell Fontelles, to give Europe
a ‘geopolitical’ dimension, up until now wishful
thinking, is starting to pay off. But to make this
come true, the EU will have to claim its place and
sove reignty on the international stage, clarify its
position with its allies – both the US and NATO –
and stand united to meet to the challenges inherent
in a common European security and defense policy.
The challenge will be in finding the right balance that
will allow for a resolution of the conflict and guaran-
tee the long-term protection and security of its
citizens on European soil in the face of the multiform
nature of threats (high-intensity war, asymmetrical
and hybrid conflicts, cyberattacks, etc.).
1. Press release, La Commission dévoile des actions significatives visant à contribuer à la défense européenne, à stimuler l'innovation et à remédier
aux dépendances stratégiques, February 15, 2022
European peoples behind Ukraine
19. Table
of Contents
01 The 6 key points in the overwhelming support of Europeans to Ukraine
02 Introduction
03 The image of Russia, Ukraine, and their presidents
06 Support for sanctions economic and financial against Russia
08 Approval of support to Ukraine
11 Support for Ukraine joining the European Union
13 Memorandum on European defense : ‘lifting the taboo’
22. ÉDITIONS
www.jean-jaures.org
Last reports:
10_2021 : Le dossier Zemmour. Idéologie, image, électorat
Coordonné par Gilles Finchelstein
11_2021 : Tableau politique de « la France d’après »
Jérôme Fourquet
12_2021 : Plaidoyer pour un Parlement renforcé. 25 propositions concrètes
pour rééquilibrer les pouvoirs
Yaël Braun-Pivet
01_2022 : Régime parlementaire ou régime présidentiel ? Faire le choix des citoyennes
et des citoyens
Emmanuel Grégoire, Axelle Lemaire, Hugo Le Neveu-Dejault
01_2022 : Quel hôpital en 2030 ?
Ariel Frajerman
01_2022 : Générations : le grand fossé ?
Départements solidaires
01_2022 : L’urgence du temps long : un nouveau rapport État/entreprises
pour une prospérité durable
Pascal Demurger
02_2022 Le fer contre le carbone. Doubler la place du train pour une vraie transition climatique
Jean-Pierre Farandou
02_2022 Contrat jeunesse 2022
Salomé Berlioux (coord.)
02_2022 Les Européens et l’euro : la perception de la monnaie unique vingt ans après son adoption
Paul Cébille, Théo Verdier
02_2022 Égalité salariale. Panorama des stratégies efficaces
Katinka Brose, Christine Gräbe, Henrike von Platen
fondationjeanjaures
@j_jaures
fondation-jean-jaures
www.youtube.com/c/FondationJeanJaures