The Mobile Virtual Network Operators (MVNOs) entered Spain in 2006. The initial desire was to "shake up" the market and capture share with aggressive price offers. They had initial success, with companies such as Jazztel capturing around 7% market share. Indeed, 2013 was the year of the MVNOs, when they gained almost 1.7 million mobile lines via portability. However, three years later the MVNOs had lost a lot of strength and seemed to no longer have the ability to bring prices down and capture large chunks of customers. Critical Markets analyses the growth and the decline of MVNOs in Spain and forecasts the trend for 2017.