“Using Oblique & 3 D Imaging for Map Production & GIS Support in Bosnia - Herzegovina ”

EUFOR / NATO UNCLASSIFIED
VIZVIZ PRINTPRINTTERATERAEUFOR HQEUFOR HQ GEOGEO
Charalampos (Babis) PARASCHOU, Lt Col (GRC Army)
EUropean FORces HQ – Sarajevo BiH
Information Analysis Division / Chief Geogrpahic Officer
chvparas@yahoo.com, f/b: Charalampos Paraschou, mob 0030 694 4141929
““Using Oblique & 3 D ImagingUsing Oblique & 3 D Imaging ffor Mapor Map
Production & GIS SupportProduction & GIS Support iin Bosnian Bosnia --
HerzegovinaHerzegovina ””
presented to:presented to:
Martin BOEHLEIN Civ. GIS Technician
EUropean FORces HQ – Sarajevo BiH

AGENDAAGENDA
1)1) EUFOR HQ – Orientation – MissionEUFOR HQ – Orientation – Mission
2)2) 3D ANAGLYPH MAPS (Red-Blue glasses)3D ANAGLYPH MAPS (Red-Blue glasses)
3)3) 3D PRINTERS – A 3D MAP of BiH3D PRINTERS – A 3D MAP of BiH
4)4) 3D DIGITAL MODELs – A 3D model of BiH in a USB3D DIGITAL MODELs – A 3D model of BiH in a USB
stickstick
5)5) Q&AQ&A

AGENDAAGENDA
1)1) EUFOR HQ – Orientation – MissionEUFOR HQ – Orientation – Mission
2) 3D ANAGLYPH MAPS (Red-Blue glasses)3D ANAGLYPH MAPS (Red-Blue glasses)
3) 3D PRINTERS – A 3D MAP of BiH3D PRINTERS – A 3D MAP of BiH
stickstick
5)5) Q&AQ&A

MissionMission
accomplished…accomplished…
1992
2010

Bosnia Herzegovina War March 1992 - November 1995Bosnia Herzegovina War March 1992 - November 1995
June 1992 - December 1995 UNPROFORJune 1992 - December 1995 UNPROFOR (United Nation Protection Force)(United Nation Protection Force)
Geospatial support required:Geospatial support required:
 low scale maps and digital datalow scale maps and digital data
 low resolution imagerieslow resolution imageries
 local maps (if available)local maps (if available)
 compound mapscompound maps
 troops supporttroops support

Dayton Peace Agreement 21 November 1995Dayton Peace Agreement 21 November 1995
December 1995 - December 1996 IFORDecember 1995 - December 1996 IFOR (Implementation Force)(Implementation Force)
 medium scale maps and digital datamedium scale maps and digital data
 medium resolution imageriesmedium resolution imageries
 troops deploymenttroops deployment
 situation overviewsituation overview
 geodetic benchmarksgeodetic benchmarks

First Democratic elections in BiH September 1996First Democratic elections in BiH September 1996
December 1996 - December 2004 SFORDecember 1996 - December 2004 SFOR (Stabilization Forces)(Stabilization Forces)
December 2004 - Current EUFORDecember 2004 - Current EUFOR (European Union Forces)(European Union Forces)
 high scale maps and digital datahigh scale maps and digital data
 high resolution imagerieshigh resolution imageries
 intel activitiesintel activities
 data acquisition (new features)data acquisition (new features)
 new mapsnew maps
The next step for EUFOR is the transformation fromThe next step for EUFOR is the transformation from
a Peacekeeping mission to a Training mission.a Peacekeeping mission to a Training mission.
(helping BiH to become a member of EU and NATO)(helping BiH to become a member of EU and NATO)

AGENDAAGENDA
1) EUFOR HQ – Orientation – MissionEUFOR HQ – Orientation – Mission
2)2) 3D ANAGLYPH MAPS (Red-Blue glasses)3D ANAGLYPH MAPS (Red-Blue glasses)
stickstick
5)5) Q&AQ&A

© ERDAS, Inc. A Hexagon Company. All Rights Reserved
What is Stereo Viewing?What is Stereo Viewing?
Imagine a “Real World” scene...Imagine a “Real World” scene...

How would a camera “see” thisHow would a camera “see” this
scene?scene?
1 perspective center1 perspective center
No depth perceptionNo depth perception
2D image2D image

How would a human “see” thisHow would a human “see” this
scene?scene?
2 perspective centers2 perspective centers
Human brain resolves two imagesHuman brain resolves two images
into a 3D imageinto a 3D image
Depth perceptionDepth perception
Left Eye Right Eye

Viewing stereo pairsViewing stereo pairs
Same concepts apply whenSame concepts apply when
viewing a pair of images orviewing a pair of images or
photographs in stereophotographs in stereo
Stereo OverlapStereo Overlap
In this case we provide the twoIn this case we provide the two
images for our two eyesimages for our two eyes
Brain “tricked” into seeing inBrain “tricked” into seeing in
stereostereo

Viewing stereo pairsViewing stereo pairs
The Terrain Editor allows us to place our eyes atThe Terrain Editor allows us to place our eyes at
the location where the images were exposedthe location where the images were exposed
Flight Line

Eye and Photo Base DistancesEye and Photo Base Distances
Eye Base:Eye Base:

Eye Base:Eye Base:
Distance between interpreter’s eyes

Distance between exposure stations
Photo Base:Photo Base:

X-ParallaxX-Parallax
““The apparent displacement of an object caused byThe apparent displacement of an object caused by
the shift in the position of observation”the shift in the position of observation”
A
B

A
B
Change in position of rooftop
termed stereoscopic parallax
1. Parallax of a point is directly related to its elevation
2. Parallax is greater for high points than low points

Variation in parallax, caused by elevation, providesVariation in parallax, caused by elevation, provides
the basis for determining elevation of points fromthe basis for determining elevation of points from
photographic measurementphotographic measurement
Change in position of rooftop
termed stereoscopic parallax
1. Parallax of a point is directly related to its elevation
2. Parallax is greater for high points than low points

Summary of 3D viewing:Summary of 3D viewing: Viewing 3D map (red-blue glasses):)
Software (Erdas Imagine in our case)
Using a DEM which accuracy is direct
related with the map scale
Computes the parallax for every map
pixel
Creates a new digital map file where
the red-blue layers moved from pix to
pix according to the parallax

THE 3D MAPS’ PrintersTHE 3D MAPS’ Printers
Traditional Uses of 3D GIS modelsTraditional Uses of 3D GIS models
 EducationEducation
 Situational AnalysisSituational Analysis
 DisplayDisplay
 CommunicationCommunication
ProcessProcess
 Hand made, CNC, MoldedHand made, CNC, Molded
 Expensive (thousands of dollars)Expensive (thousands of dollars)
 Slow (many days, even weeks)Slow (many days, even weeks)

AGENDAAGENDA
3)3) 3D PRINTERS – A 3D MAP of BiH3D PRINTERS – A 3D MAP of BiH
stickstick
5)5) Q&AQ&A

THE 3D MAPS’ PrintersTHE 3D MAPS’ Printers
Output Device for 3D SoftwareOutput Device for 3D Software

THE 3D MAPS’ Printers – future planningTHE 3D MAPS’ Printers – future planning
 Three-Dimensional Printing technology (3DP) originally developedThree-Dimensional Printing technology (3DP) originally developed
at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) in 1993.at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) in 1993.
 3DP technology creates 3D physical prototypes by solidifying layers3DP technology creates 3D physical prototypes by solidifying layers
of deposited powder using a liquid binder.of deposited powder using a liquid binder.
 By definition 3DP is an extremely versatile and rapid processBy definition 3DP is an extremely versatile and rapid process
accommodating geometry of varying complexity in hundreds ofaccommodating geometry of varying complexity in hundreds of
different applications, and supporting many types of materials.different applications, and supporting many types of materials.
3D Printing for GIS3D Printing for GIS

Our choice - Z CorporationOur choice - Z Corporation
AdvantagesAdvantages
Probably the World’s Fastest 3D PrinterProbably the World’s Fastest 3D Printer
 Unrivaled speed delivers parts in hours versus daysUnrivaled speed delivers parts in hours versus days
 Only reasonable option for large GIS modelsOnly reasonable option for large GIS models
Best Value in ClassBest Value in Class
 Most inexpensive partsMost inexpensive parts
 Most affordable systemMost affordable system
Great PartsGreat Parts
 High definition parts for great detail and accuracyHigh definition parts for great detail and accuracy
ColorColor
 Only technology that prints in full colorOnly technology that prints in full color
 Essential for printing realistic GIS modelsEssential for printing realistic GIS models
Sample CustomersSample Customers
US Army - US Army Corp of Engineers - University of Michigan etcUS Army - US Army Corp of Engineers - University of Michigan etc

3D Printing-How it Works <1/4>3D Printing-How it Works <1/4>
Spread a layer of powder
Print a slice of the part
Spread another layer of powder
Parts are printed with no supports to
remove

Z Corp. 3D printers use standard inkjet printing technology to createZ Corp. 3D printers use standard inkjet printing technology to create
parts layer-by-layer by depositing a liquid binder onto thin layers ofparts layer-by-layer by depositing a liquid binder onto thin layers of
powder.powder.
Instead of feeding paper under the print heads like a 2D printer, a 3DInstead of feeding paper under the print heads like a 2D printer, a 3D
printer moves the print heads over a bed of powder upon which itprinter moves the print heads over a bed of powder upon which it
prints the cross-sectional data sent from the software.prints the cross-sectional data sent from the software.
The Z Corp. system requires powder to be distributed accurately andThe Z Corp. system requires powder to be distributed accurately and
evenly across the build platform.evenly across the build platform.
3D Printers accomplish this task by using a feed piston and platform,3D Printers accomplish this task by using a feed piston and platform,
which rises incrementally for each layer.which rises incrementally for each layer.
A roller mechanism spreads powder fed from the feed piston ontoA roller mechanism spreads powder fed from the feed piston onto
the build platform.the build platform.
The excess powder falls down an overflow chute, into a container forThe excess powder falls down an overflow chute, into a container for
reuse in the next build.reuse in the next build.
Spread a layer of powder

Once the layer of powder is spread, the inkjet print heads print theOnce the layer of powder is spread, the inkjet print heads print the
cross-sectional area for the first, or bottom slice of the part onto thecross-sectional area for the first, or bottom slice of the part onto the
smooth layer of powder, binding the powder together.smooth layer of powder, binding the powder together.
A piston then lowers the build platform 0.1016mm (0.004”), and aA piston then lowers the build platform 0.1016mm (0.004”), and a
new layer of powder is spread on top.new layer of powder is spread on top.
The print heads apply the data for the next cross section onto theThe print heads apply the data for the next cross section onto the
new layer, which binds itself to the previous layer.new layer, which binds itself to the previous layer.
ZPrint repeats this process for all of the layers of the part.ZPrint repeats this process for all of the layers of the part.
The 3D printing process creates an exact physical model of theThe 3D printing process creates an exact physical model of the
geometry represented by 3D data.geometry represented by 3D data.
Process time depends on the height of the part or parts being built.Process time depends on the height of the part or parts being built.
Typically, these 3D printers build at a vertical rate of 25mm – 50mmTypically, these 3D printers build at a vertical rate of 25mm – 50mm
(1” – 2”) per hour.(1” – 2”) per hour.
Print cross sectionPrint cross section

When the 3D printing process completes, loose powder surroundsWhen the 3D printing process completes, loose powder surrounds
and supports the part in the build chamber.and supports the part in the build chamber.
Users can remove the part from the build chamber after theUsers can remove the part from the build chamber after the
materials have had time to set, and return unprinted, loose powdermaterials have had time to set, and return unprinted, loose powder
back to the feed platform for reuse.back to the feed platform for reuse.
Users then use forced air to blow the excess powder off the printedUsers then use forced air to blow the excess powder off the printed
part, a short process which takes less than 10 minutes.part, a short process which takes less than 10 minutes.
Z Corp. technology does not require the use of solid or attachedZ Corp. technology does not require the use of solid or attached
supports during the printing process, and all unused material issupports during the printing process, and all unused material is
reusable.reusable.
Print a layer of powderPrint a layer of powder

Our choice - Spectrum Z™510Our choice - Spectrum Z™510
High Definition
High Fidelity Full Color
Large Build Volume

High DefinitionHigh Definition
High resolution 600 X 540 DPI printing
Great detail and accuracy
4 pt font!
High Color FidelityHigh Color Fidelity
Full 24-bit color
Large Build EnvelopeLarge Build Envelope
10”x 14”x 8” (250 x 350 x 200 mm)10”x 14”x 8” (250 x 350 x 200 mm)

Sample Applications (1/5)Sample Applications (1/5)
Operations/Response Planning
Communication and Review
Cartographic Displays
Advanced 3D Visualization

Operations/Response Planning (2/5)Operations/Response Planning (2/5)
Deploy 3D Terrain and Urban models to field units andDeploy 3D Terrain and Urban models to field units and
operation centersoperation centers
Replace the ‘Sand Table’ with models printed withthe ‘Sand Table’ with models printed with
real-time geospatial intelligencereal-time geospatial intelligence
Line of sightLine of sight
Plume analysisPlume analysis
Least cost pathLeast cost path

Communication and Review (3/5)Communication and Review (3/5)
Communication models for
client/public review process
Full color models add
communication power and
customer impact
Easy to understand complex
information

Cartographic Display (4/5)Cartographic Display (4/5)
Topography and terrain from GIS data
Hydrography
City Models
Cartographer/Analyst map production
Educational/Museum Displays

Advanced 3D Visualization (5/5)Advanced 3D Visualization (5/5)
Full Color 3D output enables:Full Color 3D output enables:
Geologic researchGeologic research
Site study and evaluationSite study and evaluation
Subsurface visualizationSubsurface visualization
Watershed AnalysisWatershed Analysis
Viewshed determinationsViewshed determinations

Printing GIS data in 3DPrinting GIS data in 3D
Chose the level of detail and area you want to model
Determine the size and scale of the model
How will the model be displayed?
Export a VRML/PLY file for 3D printing from GIS
software
DEM (digital elevation model)
Color Image
Orthorectified, registered to the DEM.
Satellite, Aerial, Annotation, Chloropleth
Print 3D model of VRML file on 3D Printer using
simple Z Corp software

Summary of AdvantagesSummary of Advantages
Rapidly produce sophisticated cartography at very low cost
Hours instead of days/weeks
Tens or hundreds of dollars instead of thousands
Full-color models
Fundamentally change the way you use GIS data to
communicate
Raise exposure & visibility of GIS data
Communicate clearly with clients, co-workers or public
Perform analysis on critical elements with quick, inexpensive,
easily reproducible models

AGENDAAGENDA
stick (3slides-1hide)stick (3slides-1hide)
5)5) Q&AQ&A

AGENDAAGENDA
stickstick
5)5) Q&AQ&A (maybe)(maybe)
Thank you for your attention, I am pending your questions..??Thank you for your attention, I am pending your questions..??

“Using Oblique & 3 D Imaging for Map Production & GIS Support in Bosnia - Herzegovina ”

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