The document discusses various ethical and legal issues that school librarians may face, including censorship, intellectual property, and student privacy. It outlines the American Library Association's Code of Ethics and Library Bill of Rights which guide librarians' ethical responsibilities. Several court cases and examples are provided about how ethics relate to challenges in practice, such as handling book challenges and preventing plagiarism.

1. LIB 620 Library Management
Fall 2012
Ethical & Legal Issues
in School Librarianship
“It wasn’t me!”

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What is Ethics?
• “What does ethics mean to you?”
–“Ethics has to do with what my
feelings tell me is right or wrong.”
–“Ethics has to do with my religious
beliefs.”
–“Being ethical is doing what the law
requires.”
–“Ethics consists of the standards of
behavior our society accepts.”
–“I don‟t know what the word means.”
• What is Ethics?
http://www.scu.edu/ethics/practicing/decision/whatisethics.
html

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Definition?
• Ethics is two things
– Ethics refers to well based
standards of right and wrong that
prescribe what humans ought to
do, usually in terms of
rights, obligations, benefits to
society, fairness, or specific virtues.
– Ethics refers to the study and
development of one's ethical
standards.
• What is Ethics?

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Teachers’ Ethics
• Code of Ethics of the Education
Profession
– The desire for the respect and
confidence of one‟s colleagues, of
students, of parents, and of the
members of the community provides the
incentive to attain and maintain the
highest possible degree of ethical
conduct. The Code of Ethics of the
Education Profession indicates the
aspiration of all educators and provides
standards by which to judge conduct.
• NEA Code of Ethics, adopted 1975

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Kentucky Code of Ethics
• Professional Code of Ethics for Kentucky
School Certified Personnel
– 16 KAR 1:020
Section 1. Certified personnel in the
Commonwealth:
1) Shall strive toward excellence, recognize
the importance of the pursuit of truth,
nurture democratic citizenship, and
safeguard the freedom to learn and to teach;
(2) Shall believe in the worth and dignity of
each human being and in educational
opportunities for all;
(3) Shall strive to uphold the responsibilities
of the education profession, including the
following obligations to students, to parents,
and to the education profession

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Librarians’ Ethics
• Code of Ethics of the American
Library Association
– Ethical dilemmas occur when
values are in conflict. The
American Library Association
Code of Ethics states the values
to which we are committed, and
embodies the ethical
responsibilities of the profession
in this changing information
environment.

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Main points of ALA code
• As it applies to the duties of the school
library media specialist (librarian):
I. Librarians must provide the highest level
of service through appropriate and
usefully organized collections, fair and
equitable circulation ad service
policies, and
skillful, accurate, unbiased, and courteous
responses to all requests for assistance.
II. Librarians must resist all efforts by
groups or individuals to censor library
materials.
III. Librarians must protect each user‟s right
to privacy with respect to information
sought
or received, and materials consulted,
borrowed, or acquired.

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ALA Code
IV. Librarians must adhere to the
principles of due process and
equality of opportunity in peer
relationships and personnel actions.
V. Librarians must distinguish clearly
in their actions and statements
between their personal actions and
statements between their personal
philosophies and attitudes and those
of an institution or professional body.
VI. Librarians must avoid situations in
which
personal interests might be served or
financial benefits gained at the
expense of library
users, colleagues, or the employing
institution.
• Code of Ethics

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Library Bill of Rights
• The American Library Association
affirms that all libraries are forums for
information and ideas, and that the
following basic policies should guide
their services.
I. Books and other library resources
should be provided for the
interest, information, and
enlightenment of all people of the
community the library serves.
Materials should not be excluded
because of the
origin, background, or views of
those contributing to their creation.

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Library Bill of Rights
II. Libraries should provide materials
and information presenting all
points of view on current and
historical issues. Materials should
not be proscribed or removed
because of partisan or doctrinal
disapproval.
III. Libraries should challenge
censorship in the fulfillment of their
responsibility to provide
information and enlightenment.
IV. Libraries should cooperate with all
persons and groups concerned with
resisting abridgment of free
expression and free access to ideas.

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Library Bill of Rights
V. A person‟s right to use a library
should not be denied or abridged
because of
origin, age, background, or
views.
VI. Libraries which make exhibit
spaces and meeting rooms
available to the public they serve
should make such facilities
available on an equitable
basis, regardless of the beliefs or
affiliations of individuals or
groups requesting their use.

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Ethics in practice 1
• Teaching our students
– Like traditional library skills, lessons in
ethical behavior need to be integrated
throughout the curriculum and
throughout every student's school
career. For example, when I teach how
to use search engines, I reinforce an
earlier discussion of intellectual
property by having students play an
informal game of “Find the Copyright
Violations” in the Web sites we retrieve.
• Teaching Virtue in a Virtual World:
Internet Ethics for Students
School Library Journal March 1, 1998.

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Ethics in practice 2
• Should parents be able to prohibit their
kids from reading school library books?
– Even if . . . reading restrictions were
enforceable, designating certain
books off-limits doesn‟t guarantee
that determined students won't get
their hands on them.
– Reading is arguably one of the safer
methods to [enable] students to
experience vicariously what might
prove dangerous in the real world.
• Julie Anderson, “When Parents’ Rights Are
Wrong”
School Library Journal (November 2002).

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Landmark court cases
• Rosenberg v. Board of Education of
City of New York, 92 N.Y.S.2d 344
(Sup. Ct. Kings County 1949)
• Board of Education, Island Trees
Union Free School District No. 26 v.
Pico, 457 U.S. 853, 102 S.Ct. 2799, 73
L.Ed.2d 435 (1982)
• Case v. Unified School District No.
233, 908 F. Supp. 864 (D. Kan. 1995)
– See also ALA‟s Notable First Amendment
Court Cases

15. Why Are Books Challenged?
Books are usually challenged by
people with good intentions—to
protect others, usually children,
from difficult ideas and truths.
Censorship can be subtle, almost
invisible, or it can be blatant, but
regardless of the way in which it is
presented, it is always harmful.
From PowerPoint Celebrate Your
Freedom To Read
Original Presentation created by Kelly Sonnanstine – FGCU Library
Services in 2000

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Ethics in practice 3
• Confidentiality and privacy for
kids?
– “Do parents have the right to know
the answer to „What has my child
checked out?‟ When a computerized
circulation system takes over library
records, borrowing information
becomes easily accessible by patron
name. How does this change in
availability of information affect
children? Whose “right” do we
respect when parent and child are in
conflict? How does the library
decide?”
• Janet Hildebrand, “Is Privacy Reserved for
Adults?” School Library Journal
(January, 1991).

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Ethics in practice 4
• PLAGIARISM @ Your School Library
– The librarian stands to build political
capital and influence for the library if he or
she understands the problem of plagiarism
and offers solutions to the faculty. The
library‟s Web page should have links to
correct methods of electronic citation as
well as links to student information about
identifying plagiarism in all its forms. . . .
The librarian should have lessons planned
to teach information literacy and the
hazards of infringing on copyright and
intellectual property.
• Harry Willems, Library Media Connection
(February 2002)

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• Using Google To Check For Plagiarism
The process of checking if the contents are unique
is just too simple.
1. Open http://www.google.com
2.Select and copy the text (a single sentence or any
suspicious part will do) and paste it to keyword
searching space inside quote marks.
e.g. “DESIRED COPIED TEXT”
3.Click Google Search.
4.In a moment,
a. If the content is unique, you will get a
message as: No results found for “DESIRED
COPIED TEXT”.
b. If the content is copied, you will get a list of
websites that contains the same content.

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Top Online Plagiarism Checkers
– Protect Your Content
October 27, 2008 By Ann Smarty

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A central copyright website
http://copyright.gov/

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