Earthquakes are rapid vibrations of rock near the Earth's surface, resulting from the sudden release of stored energy along tectonic plate boundaries. They can cause immense destruction, as demonstrated by historical events like the 1906 San Francisco earthquake, which led to structural damage and a significant loss of life. Preparedness and understanding of earthquakes are essential for minimizing their impact, as they are a natural occurrence that cannot be prevented.

1. Essay on EarthQuakes
Earthquakes
Earthquakes, one of the most destructive natural phenomena, consist of rapid vibrations of rock near
the earth's surface. Because of their unpredictable occurrence and enormous capacity of destruction,
they have brought fear to mankind since ancient times. A single shock usually lasts no more than a
few seconds, but a series of smaller quakes may last for as long as five minutes. The quake felt on the
surface is always the result, not the cause of some underground geologic process, and in many cases
the damage done is immense. The Greek word for shaking, and (when applied to the earth)
earthquake, is seismos. Therefore, the science of earthquakes is called seismology (World Book
Dictionary...show more content...
Fires, landslides, tsunami, falling rock, damaged buildings, and damaged gas lines are just a few
results of secondary shocks. These conditions reek havoc on earthquake corrupted areas, and in
1934, Bihar–Nepal witnessed this first hand. During a landslide, "...an observer reported that
his car sank to the axles". In 1946 off the coast of the Aleutians, the base of a lighthouse
ended up 45 feet below sea level after a tsunami wave over 100 feet crashed on shore (Watkins,
Bottino, Morisawa 51, 53–54).
An earthquake is a natural occurrence; a phenomena just like rain. They have occurred for billions
of years and descriptions as old as recorded history shows their effects on people's lives. Long
before scientific explanations mankind created folklore to explain them. We have come a long way
for spinning yarns around the campfire, but there is still no way to prevent earthquakes. All in all it
doesn't hurt to learn as much as one can, but just like taxes and pokemon earthquakes are something
we have to live with.
EARTHQUAKE REFERENCE FILES Earthquake, shaking of the earth's surface caused by rapid
movement of the earth's rocky outer layer. Earthquakes occur when energy stored within the earth,
usually in the form of strain in rocks, suddenly releases. This energy is transmitted to the surface of
the
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2. Essay on The Epicenter of an Earthquake
Earthquakes can devastate a city. They are a force of nature that can destroy any structure. The
earth is made up of moving tectonic plates. Earthquakes occur along or near tectonic plate
boundaries where two plates meet. These plates are solid rock and sit on the mantle which is a
layer of molten rock. This molten rock is constantly moving in a convection current. The earth's
core is what generates the heat. The hotter rock rises away from the core and pushes up against the
crust. Here it cools and then moves away on both sides. The now cooled rock sinks back to take the
place of the hotter rock that has risen as shown in the diagram on the right. When the rock pushes
against the crust it moves sideways. This moves the tectonic plates...show more content...
As shown in the diagram on the right, the fault runs straight through San Francisco and right along
the coast. When the two plates slide along they create huge quakes that shake the ground. There have
been many earthquakes generated from this fault line but the worst one was in 1906.
At 5:12 am on the 18th of April 1906 in San Francisco the foreshock hit the slumbering city. The
force of the earthquake was so great that the tremors were felt right throughout the San Francisco
and it reached as far inland as Nevada (500km away). Along the San Andreas fault the plate slipped
up to 21 feet. 20 seconds after the initial foreshock the main earthquake hit, lasting for about 1
minute. Although it lasted for merely a minute it wrecked mass destruction. After the quake
people walked the streets confused. Some people had no idea how much damage had been done.
Some people walked to work as per usual only to find the buildings on a lean or fallen. Not only
was there structural damage to the city but there was a significant loss of life. Many people were
trapped under building and cries of help could be heard coming from the piles of rubble. Those that
survived could not be taken to the hospitals as they had sustained major damage. The injured were
taken to the dance hall.
What no one realised that the worst was yet to come. The greatest tragedy had not yet unfolded. The
earthquake had severed gas mains and
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3. Essay On Earthquake
The data from nine earthquakes happened in winter and summer time, with magnitudes ranging
from M 3.0 to M5.7, was collected at a sampling rate 200 Hz and preprocessed for the further
analysis [4]. Then, dynamic properties of the structure were obtained using modal property
identification toolbox (MPIT 2.0) developed at the University of Auckland [13]. The modes were
determined from the following system identification algorithms: –Frequency domain methods: the
peak picking (PP), the frequency domain decomposition (FDD), the enhanced frequency domain
decomposition (EFDD) –Time domain method: stochastic subspace identification (SSI) method [14]
identifying the stable poles by generating singular values around them from the singular value...show
more content...
Then, the most plausible modes was chosen by comparison of MAC values of each date for each
SI algorithm. Since fundamental mode of the bridges always excited by the translational ground
motions during earthquakes, transverse components of mode shapes only were described in this
research to estimate the input of different bridge components on the bridge dynamic response.
The frequency values obtained by each method, except of SSI for summer dataset, at each season
and their mean and coefficient of correlation are shown in Table 3.1 and Table 3.2. From this
figure, the values of fundamental transverse frequency identified by each method are highly
correlated for all methods, the mean coefficient of variation was no more than 0.02. In addition,
no relationship between the transverse frequency and the depth of frozen soil at specific dates
was observed. A high correlation between mode shapes, with MAC value 0.95 or higher, was
observed for two frequency domain methods only, FDD and EFDD. Therefore, the average values
of natural transverse frequency calculated from the values identified by each method, 7.69 Hz and
2.85 Hz, and mode shapes obtained by FDD technique (Figure 3.1) were chosen as a baseline
experimental values for the further calibration of the numerical models developed for winter and
summer respectively. The bridge transverse response is mainly symmetrical; the possible
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4. Research Paper On Quake
During the midst of December, a Siberian husky lay in a warm shed. In pain, the husky howls
like never before. Her owner storms into the shed to prepare for the birthing of baby huskies.
Howl after howl, one husky after another is born. The mother husky lay weak with four babies
next to her. Finally, the fifth is born. As the mother husky begins to clean her new babies, she is
thinking of names for them. Weeks later, the puppies are named and ready to journey outside for
the first time. Staying close to their mother, they wander around the yard. Storm, the smallest puppy
runs off. The family searches and searches, but cannot find him. A few days pass, and two of the
puppies, Quake and Terra, want to play outside. They ask their brother and sister if they want to
come, but their offer was declined. Once outside, they walk toward the dog park by the small
mountain range.
"What should we play when we get there?" Quake asked Terra.
"I think we should play tag with the other dogs at the park."
"That sounds like a great idea."
Terra and Quake arrive at the park, but there is nobody in sight. They decide to play anyways. Terra
begins by tagging Quake. As they are running around, laughing, and fumbling in the snow, they hear
a loud crashing sound. The two dogs stop, look up the mountain, and see nothing. They begin to play
again....show more content...
On their way home, they come across the polar bear that Terra killed on her way to save Quake.
The owner spotted something small crawling around on it. He stopped the truck, got out, and
walked over to the moving object. There was a skinny puppy that looked as though it had not eaten
in weeks. When the owner got closer the dog growled furiously at him. The owner tried to gain its
trust and when he finally did, the puppy ran to the owner, who then realized it was Storm. Storm,
his puppy that ran away a month ago. He took Storm back home, cleaned him up, and got him some
food and
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5. Earthquakes Essay
We have to know what earthquakes are in order for us to be prepared against them. Earthquakes are
tremors that move the earth. They can create a lot of damage. Earthquakes have happened around
the world. What causes earthquakes to happen? How do we protect ourselves against the powerful
earthquakes? Earthquakes can cause a lot of damage to homes and places so it is important to know
where it has happened. Also what causes them and how do we protect ourselves against earthquakes.
To begin with earthquakes can happen around the world. A 6.3earthquake destroyed historic
buildings in Italy. On January 12, 2010 a powerful 7.0...show more content...
It's important to know that earthquakes happen around the world so people are prepared for
earthquakes anytime anywhere they are. We also have to know what earthquakes are to be
prepared. Another example is what earthquakes are. Earthquakes are called tremors and can be
tremendously destructive. An earthquakes magnitude is a measured value of its size and is the
same no matter where. There is no such thing as earthquake weather. An earthquake is what
happens when two blocks of the earth suddenly slip past one another. The surface where they slip
is called the fault or fault plane. "An earthquake is caused by a sudden slip in the fault."said at an
article with earthquake facts at earthquake.usg.com. Its important to know what earthquakes are
caused by so we can understand them better. that way we can protect ourselves against
earthquakes. As well as learning how to protect yourself against earthquakes. An important thing
is to duck and cover. During an earthquake, if you are indoors, it is very important to stay calm and
take cover under a heavy object. If you are outdoors, stay as far away from buildings as possible. Get
away from shelves or other areas where objects may fall if in a crowded store or public area. Do not
run for the door. Crouch and cover your head and neck with your hands and arms. " Try to get into
an open area." Getting into an open area not
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6. The Northridge Earthquake
Knowledge is the skill acquired by a person to have facts or information through education or
experience. To wonder is to be curious to know something. The meaning behind Morgan's quote is
that once someone learns something new, they want to investigate or know more.
Once we are told something we did not know, our curiosity tells us to do some research or to ask
questions in order to know more about the topic. I have been in this situation multiple times. When I
was first told about the Northridge Earthquake that happened a few years ago, I was shocked and I
was dying to know more. I had to do some research on my own and my knowledge about the
earthquake expanded. Not only did I know what happened, but I also knew how it happened, why it
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7. Dbq Essay About Earthquake
What would you do in a situation of a natural disaster with no resources, alone with no hope? A lot
of people are scared from all of this commotions, fearing of no hope, losing lives even loved ones.
There was a deadly magnitude earthquake of 7.2 that struck the central philippines on a national
holiday. An estimated 43,000 people experienced severe shaking. Anotherearth quake hit with a
magnitude of 6 in the fault of 1990 caused $154 in damage.The temblor is the strongest too come in
23 years. (Background essay)
People have had many disasters happen to homes and people are getting affected by all of the
commotion.Interior secretary Mar Rotas in a statement said he had ordered the national police to
check on reports that some local officials had been "hoarding" relief goods and distributed the
selectivity supporters. People have there own stuff and they don't want too let it go of there stuff so
they will need help. Since the earthquake, the Philippine red cross, with the supports of international
federation of red cross and red crescent societies or IFRC has provided at least 10,000 families with
essential household items including blankets, water containers, personal hygiene items, mosquito
nets and tarpaulins.(Documents C,A)...show more content...
On October 15th an earthquake killed nearly 90 people. In the Philippines killed nearly 200 and
displacing tens of thousands of dollars. The quake wrecked about more than 45,000 homes. These
earthquakes have affected many people, damaging homes and even lives and causes millions of
dollars for repairs. The quake, the strongest to hit the disaster–prone country in recent years, struck
Bohol on October 15th. Felt across several neighbouring provinces, more than 2,500 aftershock have
rippled through the region since.(Documents
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