1. Essay Mitosis and Meiosis
Cell division may happen by either mitosis or meiosis, depending on what type of cell is invovled. Mitosis is a process by which a cell divides to
form two daughter cells. They each have the same exact number and kind of chromosomes as the parent cell. Meiosis occurs in the primary sex cells
leading to the formation of viable egg and sperm cells. They reduce the number of chromosomes to half in each gamete so that when they are getting
furtilized, the species chromosome number is kept even.
Mitosis happens in the reproduction of unicellular organisms and in the addition of cells to a tissue or organ in a multicellular organism.
There are four stages of mitosis. The first stage is the prophase. In this stage the chromosomes become shorter...show more content...
The spindle fibers extending from the poles to the centromeres disappear and those fibers that lie in the plane between the rows of chromosomes
remain for a longer time. A nuclear membrane reforms around each bundle of chromosomes at the poles. At the center of animal cells, the cytoplasm
turns inward, pinching the old cell into two new cells.
Meiosis happens in the primary sex cells, which leads to the formation of viable egg and sperm cells. The purpose of meiosis is to cut the number of
chromosomes in half.
There are two stages of meiosis, meiosis I and II. Meiosis I has five stages called prophase I, metaphse I, anaphase I, telophase I, and interkinesis I.
Meiosis II has only four stages. They are prophase II, metaphase II, anaphase II, and telophase II.
The stages of meiosis I result in the reduction of the number of chromosomes.
In prophase I the chromosomes become shorter and thicker and the nucleolus disappears. The chromosomes pair with their homologues forming a
group of four chromatids. The tetrads wrap around each other and may exchange like parts. The centrioles move and the spindle fibers appear and the
nuclear membrane disappears.
The tetrads move as a group to the equator in metaphase I. The centromeres of each of the homologous pairs of chromosomes become attached to
spindle fibers extending from opposite poles.
Each pair of doubleβstranded chromosomes, in anaphaseI, is pulled away from its homologue
Get more content on HelpWriting.net
2. Difference Between Mitosis And Meiosis
They are made of nuclear DNA and proteins.
Mitosis and meiosis are related to each other through the process of cytokinesis. In addition, these processes are the same in terms of sequence in the
steps of cell division, however meiosis role the process twice. The outcome of them are similar, because they both done with daughter cells.
Cancer is caused by the mutations of genes within the somatic cells. This disease develops in the somatic cells during the process of cell division
because of mutations. A few faults in the copying process transpire when the DNA is replicated prior to cell division. Another factor that can cause
rapidly dividing cells is by chemicals and radiation that causes damaging DNA. With this knowledge, I have invented the...show more content...
I estimated that all stage of the cell cycle would have the same time. The data shows that most of the cells were located in the initial stage of mitosis,
Interphase.
By the end of the first meiosis, each separate individual cell has its set of homologous pairs of chromosomes. While at the last stage of meiosis II, all
of the haploid cells have their own sister chromatid from the homologous pairs.
DNA is the set of instructions for all organelle and its' function. Chromosomes are important, because they carry the DNA.
The first phase of meiosis is mostly about splitting the cells in half and the separation of homologous chromosomes. In contrast, the second phase of
meiosis focuses on the separation of chromatids along with the 2 diploid splitting in 2.
There were 46 chromosomes present when the first meiosis began.
The gamete cells result in the combination of two cells from both genders to build one new zygote, because of that, it is important to reduce the number
of chromosomes in gametes. On the other hand, other cells contain a unicellular reproduction and that shows that no need to reduce the amount of
chromosomes.
There is no male gamete.
There are 57 chromatids.
The paired chromosomes contain varied lengths.
The sixth doesn't has
Get more content on HelpWriting.net
3. Essay about Lab 8, Mitosis and Meiosis
Julie Lake
November 8, 2012
BIO 111, C11β Online
Villalpando, Shawn
Lab 8
Title: Mitosis and Meiosis
Exercise 1: Mitosis in Animal and Plant Cells
Questions:
A.) What is the purpose of mitosis?
The purpose of mitosis is to create or produce more cells for a living organism. Mitosis occurs when genetic substance in the nucleus divides or
separates in order to create more cells. Cytokinesis normally occurs next and the single cell develops into two separate cells. This same process
continues to occur over and over creating more cells for an organism replacing old or dead cells.
B.) What other term is commonly used in place of "mitosis"?
Another commonly used term for "mitosis" is "cell division", because the division of cells is...show more content...
Observations:
Whitefish Blastula cells:
Onion Root Tip cells:
Exercise 2: Meiosis in Animals
Questions:
A. Which organ, the ovary or the testes, contained the greater number of gametes?
The organ that contained the greater number of gamets is the testes.
B. What may be a reason for this?
The eggs in the ovary are much larger than the sperm in the testes and it takes numerous sperm trying to get to the egg before one actually does
fertilize the egg and most of the sperm die trying.
4. Observations:
Ovary:
Testis:
Exercise 3: Simulating Meiosis
Questions:
A. What does mitosis accomplish?
The process of mitosis accomplishes replacing old or dying cells in an organism by replicating the DNA and cell division.
B. When and where does mitosis occur?
Mitosis occurs in eukaryotic cells during the interphase of cell division.
C. What does meiosis accomplish? Meiosis has two consecutive cell divisions that produce a total of four genetically different daughter cells.
D. When and where does meiosis occur?
Meiosis occurs in the ovaries and testes or reproduction organs during interphase.
E. How do these two processes differ?
Mitosis creates identical cells to replace old or dying cell tissue while Meiosis occurs in the sexual reproduction organs and creates genetically different
cells.
F. How do Prophase in Mitosis and Prophase I in Meiosis differ?
In mitosis chromosomes create two sister
Get more content on HelpWriting.net
5. Meiosis Research Paper
Every cell on Earth has certain things in common; such as a plasma membrane, the presence of DNA and the ability to respond to stimuli, as well as
reproduce. Some things such as viruses can seem to be living; however, the lack the ability to reproduce by themselves and instead they tack
advantage of the amazing ability of most cells to produce macromolecules and to produce daughter cells from a parent cell. Just like every human being
is born, undergoes a period of growth and eventually dies; so does each individual cell that composes that human being. In addition, just as human
beings undergo a period of maturation that if they pass a certain level of physical maturity, they may reproduce; so do the cells that compose said
human being. In...show more content...
The end goal of meiosis includes twice as many daughter cells as mitosis; therefore, there is a second cell division involve similar stages. Interphase
is different in meiosis than in mitosis because each individual homologue is replicated instead of replicating one chromosome. Mitosis involves the
replication of somatic cells that are haploid; whereas, meiosis involves the manufacturing of gametes that are genetically haploid. In prophase I paired
homologues are attracted to one another at the synapsis and a process called crossing over takes place. Crossing over involves a genetic rearrangement
of DNA of the same segments. Otherwise prophase 1 is similar to prophase in mitosis. In metaphase I chromosomes line up in homologous pairs,
otherwise this stage is similar to metaphase in mitosis. Anaphase I, Telophase I, and cytokinesis is the same in meiosis as in mitosis except, two
haploid cells form with each chromosome still consisting of two sister chromatids. The second stage of meiosis involves all the same steps except
there is no crossing over involves because each cell is now genetically haploid. The set of sister chromatids undergoes prophase II, metaphase II,
anaphase II, telophase II, and cytokinesis. The sister chromatids finally separate resulting in four haploid daughter cells containing unduplicated
chromosomes. In prophase I crossing over took place, and this results in each chromosome being genetically different in each of the four daughter
Get more content on HelpWriting.net
6. Comparing Mitosis and Meiosis Essay
Comparing Mitosis and Meiosis with reference to i. Chromosomesii.
Biological significance
i. Chromosomes ii. Biological significance
Modern cell theory states that all cells are derived from other cells.
This means cells must have a way of copying themselves. This is cell division; two types of cell division are Meiosis and Mitosis. The comparison will
be between Meiosis 1 and Mitosis, because Meiosis 2 is much the same as Mitosis.
Dividing cells have a regular pattern of events, known as the cell cycle. This cycle may be divided into two basic parts; The Interphase and the actual
division (Meiosis / Mitosis).
Interphase is when the cell is not dividing but duplicating its DNA and organelles. Both Meiosis 1 and...show more content...
At this point the chromatids may break and recombine with different chromatids, this is called crossing over.
Metaphase
In Mitosis Metaphase stage the chromosomes go to the centre/equator of the spindle. The chromosomes get attached to spindle fibres at the centromere,
when these contract; the individual chromatids get pulled apart slightly.
In Meiosis Metaphase 1 is similar to Mitosis stage one but differs as chromosomes form a double row at the equator of the spindle instead of a single
row.
Anaphase
In Mitosis and Meiosis Anaphase; the centromere splits as a result the spindle contract further and the two chromatids of each chromosome separate and
7. migrate to opposite ends. The spindle fibres are made of tubulin molecules and they shorten through the removal process. The energy for this process is
provided by mitochondria, which surround the spindle fibres.
Telophase
In Mitosis and Meiosis Telophase the chromatids reach their respective poles and a new nuclear envelope forms around each group. The chromatids
uncoil and lengthen, becoming invisible again. The spindle fibres disappear and a nucleolus forms in each new nucleus.
Comparing Mitosis and Meiosis with reference to Chromosomes
Mitosis
Meiosis
A single division of the chromosomes and the nucleus
A single division of the chromosomes but a double division of the nucleus The number of chromosomes remains the same
The number of
Get more content on HelpWriting.net
8. Mitosis: Interphase I And Meiosis
Mitosis and meiosis are the means by which reproduction takes place. Mitosis creates an exact duplicate of cell so that old cells can be replaced,
such as in skin, hair, and bones. Meiosis allows a cell to unite one half of its genetic makeup with a cell from another partner to create an entirely new
organism.
Mitosis
Mitosis is the process by which two daughter cells are formed, each containing a complete set of chromosomes. Mitosis is the process by which an
organism creates new cells, such as skin or bone. There are two parts to a cell's life Πβ interphase and mitosis. Interphase is the normal life of the cell
when all of the growth and metabolism processes take place. Mitosis happens after interphase is complete and produces an...show more content...
Meiosis is broken into two parts called Meiosis I and Meiosis II.
Meiosis I
The stages of Meiosis I are called prophase I, metaphase I, anaphase I, and telophase I. Prophase I is like prophase in mitosis. However, in metaphase
I, instead of pulling the chromosomes away from their duplicates, the microtubules attach so as to pull the like pairs, called homologues, apart and
leave the chromosomes attached to their duplicates.
In anaphase I, the microtubules of the spindles pull the homologues apart.
In telephase I, the plasma membrane pinches the cell into two parts and the chromosomes are surrounded by nuclear material. At the end of meiosis I,
two haploid cells have been created, but they still have duplicated chromosomes, so the cell must enter meiosis II.
Meoisis II
The purpose of meiosis II is to create cells with no duplicates, for purposes of reproduction. In meiosis II, there are now two cells going through the
process. Prophase II and metaphase II occur just as in mitosis, but remember, there are two cells now.
During Anaphase II, the microtubules pull the duplicate chromosomes away from the originals.
During Telophase II, the plasma constricts and nuclei are formed.
9. Meiosis 2 is similar to mitosis, however, at the end of meiosis II, four haploid cells called gametes have been formed, each with no duplicate
chromosomes. The chromatids of each chromosome are not identical
Get more content on HelpWriting.net
10. Mitosis Vs Meiosis Research Paper
Mitosis and meiosis are both types of cell divisions that have various similarities and differences. They comparably associate with cytokinesis and
form daughter cells however, meiosis occurs in primordial diploid cells in animals, plants and fungi, whilst mitosis takes place in somatic cells in
every organism (Vidyasagar. A, 2015). Meiosis differs frommitosis as it undergoes a process known as DNA recombination, during which genetic
material interchange with chromosomes or various regions of the same chromosome. DNA recombination is a common source of genetic variation.
Mitosis is the continuous process by which the body creates new cells to repair damaged or aging membranes, fibers and tissues (Clare O'Connor,
2008). The end result of mitosis are two genetically identical diploid daughter cells, which develop from the single parent cell dividing. Conversely,
the meiosis cell divides into four haploid gametes each possessing half the number of chromosomes of the parent cell (Alberts. B, 2010).
Fertilisation occurs when the two female and male gametes fuse, causing a diploid cell...show more content...
Moreover, since rice is the main staple and is eaten in enormous amounts in developing countries, Golden Rice could eventually lead to excessive
intake of vitamin A which is also known as hypervitaminosis or vitamin A toxicity. This causes vomiting, abdominal pain, dizziness, central nervous
system disorders, increased risk of osteoporosis and incomplete formation of the cranial bone of a fetus (Greenpeace, 2014). Score(β5) More than 250
million children worldwide suffer from vitamin A deficiency in developing countries, over 500,000 people, mainly children, become blind every year
due to vitamin A deficiency and 50 percent of which die within a year of becoming blind (Bjorn. L,
Get more content on HelpWriting.net
11. Meiosis Vs Mitosis
Life forms display an assortment of examples in respect to propagation, and diverse perspectives might be brought with respect to arrangement of
these patters. For our motivations, we might consider that there are two essential sorts of multiplication, sexual and asexual. Sexual reproduction is
always associated with a type of nuclear division called meiosis which occurs at some point in the life cycle of the organism involved. Besides, aside
from a couple of atypical cases, sexual multiplication is portrayed by the union of gametes, or particular conceptive cells, in the development of another
person. Such gametic union is trailed by the combination of the diversion tic cores and the relationship of their chromosomes: this whole arrangement
of occasions is known as treatment.
Cells separate and replicate in two ways: mitosis and meiosis. Mitosis is a procedure of cell division that...show more content...
Not just is mitosis in charge of abiogenetic propagation in singleβcelled life forms, however it is likewise what empowers cell development and repair
in multicellular living beings, for example, people. In mitosis, a cell makes a precise clone of itself. This procedure is what is behind the development
of youngsters into grownβups, the recuperating of cuts and wounds, and even the regrowth of skin, appendages, and members in creatures like geckos
and reptiles. Meiosis is a more particular kind of cell division (of germ cells, specifically) that outcomes in gametes, either eggs or sperm, that contain
half of the chromosomes found in a guardian cell. Not at all like mitosis with its numerous capacities, meiosis has a slender yet critical reason: helping
sexual multiplication. The procedure empowers youngsters to be connected yet at the same time not the same as their two guardians. (Westbroek,
Get more content on HelpWriting.net
12. Compare And Contrast Mitosis And Meiosis
Meiosis and Mitosis are very similar despite a few differences and they both lead to different outcomes.
Mitosis is the nuclear division that produces two nuclei containing chromosomes identical to the parental nucleus. Mitosis is divided into five stages;
prophase, prometaphase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase.
Meiosis is a cell division that reduces chromosome numbers.
The significance of Meiosis is that by recombination and sexual reproduction the genetic diversity helps natural selection.
Get more content on HelpWriting.net
13. Mitosis and Meiosis
Cell division may happen by either mitosis or meiosis, depending on what type of cell is invovled. Mitosis is a process by which a cell divides to
form two daughter cells. They each have the same exact number and kind of chromosomes as the parent cell. Meiosis occurs in the primary sex cells
leading to the formation of viable egg and sperm cells. They reduce the number of chromosomes to half in each gamete so that when they are getting
furtilized, the species chromosome number is kept even.
Mitosis happens in the reproduction of unicellular organisms and in the addition of cells to a tissue or organ in a multicellular organism.
There are four stages of mitosis. The first stage is the prophase. In this stage the chromosomes become...show more content...
There are two major ways of reproduction, asexual and sexual.
Asexual reproduction only involves one parent. They split their cell in half. Sexual reproduction involves two parents and they each have one cell
(either an egg of sperm) which gets put together to have an infant. The egg and sperm usually have 23 chromosomes. SO when an infant is born, it has
46 chromosomes.
A con for sexual reproduction is during meiosis. An egg and sperm cell usually have 23 chromosomes each. When an egg gets fertilized by a sperm
cell it combines to 46 chromosomes. Human beings have 46 chromosomes each. When something goes wrong and a baby inside a womb gets one more
extra chromosome, they get Down syndrome.
A pro for sexual reproduction is that two parents can have the joy of having their own child. Some people grow up and end up not being able to carry
out a child because of some defect in their body.
A con for asexual reproduction is that bacteria multiply by asexual reproduction. If you have a sickness and you don 't realize it in time, the bacteria
can spread all over your body until you get extremely sick.
A pro for asexual reproduction is that flowers, trees, and other plants multiply by asexual reproduction. The environment is being destroyed and with
flower, tree, and plant seeds, people will be able to grow these things that are being destroyed. They can also rebuild habitats for animals that are also
being
Get more content on HelpWriting.net
14. Mitosis Vs Meiosis
Cell division is a process that is essential to the reproduction, survival, and improvement of many eukaryotes. Many things about cell division are still
unknown, and each day scientists begin to understand more about why something they already knew happened, happened. Such as the underlying
reactions and thermodynamics that motivate something to do what it does without intelligence (Khan Academy). There are two types of cell division
under this category, and they are mitosis and meiosis. Although they fall under the same category, they have similarities and dissimilarities. To avoid
confusion and for better understanding they will be discussed in pairs (similarβdissimilar), and there may be some overlap in points as this is the nature
of the subject matter.
To begin, the most obvious differences and similarities will be addressed. Both processes follow interphase which replicates theDNA. They both begin
with a cell that has a diploid number of chromosomes. Mitosis is a repeatable cycle, and meiosis is not. Mitosis proceeds to completion and ends with
cells that are capable of going through the cell cycle and repeating the process...show more content...
Although they do occur in the same organism, they occur in different places. Mitosis is the duplication of somatic, or body, cells. Meiosis is the
duplication of germ, or sex, cells. Because meiosis involves sex cells, the products are capable of fertilization. One difference mentioned before but
not much expanded upon is that meiosis gives cells that come from diploid cells but are haploid. Because the information they receive is spilt between
the two, each cell contains different information selected at random. Mitosis in contrast is a process that yields two cells that are an exact copy of their
parent cell (excepting an occasional mutation). Each cell that results from mitosis is identical to its parent and contains the same genetic
Get more content on HelpWriting.net
15. Mitosis and Meiosis
2/24/2013
Cell division
The human body is made up of trillions of cells...
Mitosis and Meiosis
...But started with one
Understanding Cell Division
What instructions are necessary for inheritance? How are those instructions duplicated for distribution into daughter cells? By what mechanisms are
instructions parceled out to daughter cells?
Reproduction
Parental cells produce a new generation of cells or multicelled individuals like themselves Parents must provide daughter cells with hereditary
instructions, encoded in DNA, and enough metabolic machinery to start up their own operation
The roles of mitosis
Chromosome
A DNA molecule & attached proteins Duplicated in preparation for mitosis
1...show more content...
Meiosis is the process that produces haploid gametes from diploid genomes.
Maintaining Chromosome Number In Mitosis
16. Meiosis must reduce chromosome number
6
2/24/2013
Chromosome Number
Sum total of chromosomes in a cell Germ cells are diploid (2n) Gametes are haploid (n) Meiosis halves chromosome number When two gametes fuse,
they form a new, diploid cell (zygote)
Human Karyotype
Diploid organisms have two copies of each chromosome, one of which they get from their father, the other which they get from their mother. These
equivalent chromosomes are called homologous chromosomes.
Life Cycles of Diploid Organisms
Meiosis: Two Divisions
Two consecutive nuclear divisions
β Meiosis I β Meiosis II
DNA is not duplicated between divisions Four haploid nuclei form
Meiosis has two divisions
Do not confuse "homologous" with "sister" chromosomes
Sisters Sisters Homologs
Sisters
7
2/24/2013
17. Meiosis β Stages
Prophase I
Each duplicated chromosome pairs with homologue Homologues swap segments (crossing over) Each chromosome becomes attached to spindle
Metaphase I
Homologous pairs line up in the middle of the cell The spindle is fully formed
Anaphase I
Homologous chromosomes segregate The sister chromatids remain attached
Telophase I
The homologous chromosomes arrive at opposite poles Usually followed by cytoplasmic division
Results of Meiosis I
Get more content on HelpWriting.net
18. Essay on Meiosis Vs. Mitosis
More than one celled organisms grow by way of mitosis and the cytoplasmic division of body cells. On the other hand, meiosis occurs only in germ
cells, which are put aside for the formation of gametes (sperm and egg). Reproduction by meiosis allows for species survival and it increases genetic
variability.
The process, during which the germ cells are generated is called meiosis. It represents nature's solution to the problem of chromosome doubling that
would occur, if two diploid cells, i.e. two cells with a double set of chromosomes would fuse. Accordingly does meiosis produce haploid germ cells,
with maternal and paternal germ cell fusing at fertilization and thus generating a...show more content...
Chromosome pairs line up across the equator of the spindle at metaphase I (5). In anaphase I the chromosomes separate and travel to opposite ends of
the spindle. The chromosomes migrate to the equators of two new spindles for metaphase 2 (7). Next the chromatids are pulled apart in anaphase 2 to
form four clusters of chromosomes in telophase 2. The nuclear envelopes reform around four haploid nuclei that will give rise gamete
The leptotene. This phase differs only slightly from the early stages of mitosis. Usually are the cells and nuclei of meiotic tissues bigger than that of
their neighbouring tissues and often do they seem to be longer and are longitudinally structured. At regular intervals can thickenings be found, like
beads on a string: the chromomeres. Their number, size and positioning is constant in each species.
The zygotene. During this phase begins the pairing of homologous chromosomes. It is also called synapsis and the resulting structure synaptic
complex. Directly after initiation of the process does the pairing spread like a zipper across the whole length of the chromosome.
The pachytene. During the pachytene does the pairing stabilize. The number of synaptic complexes corresponds to the number of chromosomes in a
haploid set of the respective species. The pairs are also called bivalents. The
Get more content on HelpWriting.net
19. Lab Report On Mitosis And Meiosis
MITOSIS
by Alimzhan Muxunov
Group M
16.10.2014
Lab partner: Gulzhan Belgibay
INTRODUCTION One of the vital processes, which are very important for cells' life, is called cell division. There are two types of it called mitosis
and meiosis. In this practical, we will focus on mitosis. Mitosis is a part of eukaryotic cell division cycle, when a nucleus divides into two new nuclei.
Prokaryotic cell does not have nucleus, so mitosis does not occur there. According to Kent (2000) and Campbell (2009), mitosis consisted of four
steps: Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase and Telophase. Interphase is the preparation of cell to mitosis: growth of the cell and its' organelles, replication
of DNA occur during this period. Mitosis starts with prophase, when the chromosomes are coiled and become shorter, next stage is metaphase when
chromosomes line...show more content...
Interphase is a preparation of the cell to mitosis, during interphase DNA duplicates, but chromosomes actually are not visible on this stage.
Interphase requires for minimum 90% of the whole time of cell division (Campbell 2009, p.129). The first step of mitosis is a prophase, when
chromosomes become more visible, nuclear membrane disappears, mitotic spindle forms in the cytoplasm and centrioles move to opposite sides of
the cell (Kent 2000, p. 76). The next stage after this is metaphase, during which chromosomes line up at the equator of the cell, after that process
spindle fibers attach to chromosomes from two opposite sides (Kent 2000, p. 76). The stage of separating paired chromosomes and their movement to
the opposite poles of the cell is called anaphase (Kent 2000, p. 77).The last step of mitosis is telophase, during which new membranes of two daughter
nuclei appear and chromosomes become less visible(Kent 2000, p. 76). Mitotic index, which is used when the growth of tumour in cancer patients is
studied, was
Get more content on HelpWriting.net
20. Compare and Contrast Mitosis and Meiosis Essay
Compare and Contrast Mitosis and Meiosis
Meiosis and mitosis describes the process by which cells divide, either by asexual or sexual reproduction to produce a new organism.
Meiosis is a form of cell division that produces gametes in humans these are egg cells and sperms, each with reduced or halved number of
chromosomes. The number of chromosomes is restored when two gametes fuse together to form a zygote. A cell with two copies of each
chromosome is called diploid cell and a cell with one copy of each chromosome is called a haploid cell. Meioses produces haploid daughter cells that
are genetically different from each other and from the parent cell. However, mitosis is a form of cell division that produces daughter cells...show more
content...
These bivalents line up along the equator during metaphase I, the arrangement of the bivalent is completely random and relative to the orientation of the
other bivalents, this is known as the independent assortment of chromosomes. This is followed by anaphase I where the homologous chromosomes
separate and move to the opposite poles of the cell.
At telophase I the cell divides into two, each cell contains one chromosome from each homologous pair. The second stage of meiosis is similar to
mitosis. These centrioles replicate and the chromosomes line along the equator at metaphase II and spilt at the centromeres causing the chromatids to
move to opposite sides at anaphase II. At telophase II the cell divides to form four haploid cells, these are not identical to each other because the cells
contains chromosomes from two different parent gametes therefore differ genetically.
However, during mitotic division the cells produced are genetically identical to each other because they are produced from the same parent cell. The
cell begins to replicate during interphase to produce two identical sister chromatids. At prophase the chromosomes become condense to become visible
and the membrane begins to break down. The chromosomes line up along the centre of the equator during metaphase.
The chromatids separate and are pulled to opposite poles during anaphase. In telophase these separate chromatids
Get more content on HelpWriting.net
21. The Process of Mitosis Essay
The Process of Mitosis
Mitosis is the term used to describe cell division for replication. The product at the end of mitosis is two daughter cells both genetically identical to
the original (parent) cell. This process (mitosis) is used for growth and repair within an organism (and also for asexual reproduction).
There are five main stages to mitosis, called Interphase, Prophase, Metaphase,
Anaphase and Telophase. Although the process has been divided up into these stages the process of mitosis is actually continuous.
Interphase βββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββ In this, the first stage the cell will look just like any other 'normal' cell although this is far
from the case because very much is actually happening. All cell...show more content...
[A labelled diagram of the end of the Prophase stage of a cell here would be great.] Metaphase βββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββ During
this stage the chromosomes move towards the equator of the spindle, attaching themselves horizontally by the centromere to the spindle's filaments.
The chromatids then pull slightly away from each other at the centromere towards the opposite poles of the cell.
[A labelled diagram of Metaphase here, and put a note next to it saying "Note that some spindle fibres run from pole to pole while others from
pole to equator."] Anaphaseβββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββ Now this stage is very quick.
The pairs of chromatids are separated and each chromatids is pulled is pulled towards each opposite pole by the spindle fibres by a ratchetβlike
mechanism.
This process requires energy so the ATP store is now used up.
[A labelled diagram of Anaphase. Write a note underneath saying "They split apart by the centromere breaking into two. Each centromere divides
into two so that each chromatid has its own centromere."]
Telophase βββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββ The chromatids are destined to become the new chromosomes of the daughter cells. Once
the chromatids are at the poles of the cell they unwind into chromatin again, now becoming hard to see once again. The spindle fibres now disintegrate
and new nuclear membranes form around the new groups of chromatin
23. Mitosis And Meiosis
Mitosis Meiosis
Most of the times people get injuries, complex or simple one like bruises and, within a period of time, these injuries heal. This healing process is made
possible by cell division whereby a single cell divides to form two and the process continues. The same process also helps living things grow, for
example, over 2 trillion cells divide every day in human beings. There are two types of cell division processes; mitosis and meiosis, each of which has
distinct characteristics.
Definition
Mitosis: A single cell divide into two genetically identical cells. This process is asexual in nature and the two resulting cells have equal number of
chromosomes in each of the diploid cells each with identical nuclei.
Meiosis: Meiosis is a sexual cell reproduction process whereby a single cell divides its homologous chromosomes equally to form two haploid cells
with half the chromosomes of the parent cell.
Process
Mitosis: Mitosis occur in five phases describing the changes through which the cells go through. These stages are prophase, prometaphase, metaphase,
anaphase, and telophase. In prophase, the chromosomes condense inside the nucleus while centrioles move to the opposite within the nucleus sides in
pairs. As this process...show more content...
The chromosomes then split into two sister chromatids which the centromeres hold together. This therefore mean that there are two sets of sister
chromatids (four chromatids) in the two chromosomes. Two nonβsister chromosomes cross over as the other two remain. Secondly, in metaphase I,
chromosomes line up at the center of the spindle fibers in pairs then the third phase, Anaphase I begins when equal amounts of chromosomes divide. On
the last phase, telophase I, the daughter cells completely divide, chromosomes disappear, and the nucleic membranes
Get more content on HelpWriting.net
24. Mitosis And Meiosis Similarities
Mitosis and Meiosis are two very important topics to learn about within school. It is easy to confuse the two, because they sound so similar, are
similar, but also very different. Mitosis occurs when the human body grows and it is asexual because no sexual interaction needs to take place. Meiosis
occurs during sexual reproduction and the creation of DNA. There are many similarities and differences between Mitosis and Meiosis. Daughter cells
are formed when a cell is duplicated. Mitosis contains two identical daughter cells. These are identical to the parent cells because they have the same
number of chromosomes. Meiosis has four unique daughter cells. They are unique because they are not the exact same as the parent's cell. Within
Mitosis,
Get more content on HelpWriting.net
25. Cell Biology Meiosis and Mitosis
Cell Biology (CP8121)
Experiment 2: Observing Mitosis and Meiosis on cell specimens
(Formal report)
Name: Wong Chung An
Class: DMLS/FT/1B/02
Admin number: P1138687
Summary
This experiment aims to observe mitosis and meiosis on cell specimens. It involves the modelling of the stages of meiosis and also the staining
procedures to identify mitosis in onion root tip. There are two parts to the procedure of the experiment whereby the first is staining and observing
mitosis in onion root tips and the second being observing and comparing mitosis between whitefish blastula and onion root tip. The results are that the
five stages of mitosis have been observed and sketched, together with a comparison of telophase in plant and animal cells. The...show more content...
2) This time, instead of sketching the different phases of mitosis in onion root tip, the differences in mitosis between the plant and animal cells were
recorded.
4) Results and Discussion
*For the results, refer to the datasheet archived under appendix at the end of the report.
5.1 Explanation and reasons for results
The results of the datasheet have shown that all the five main phases of mitosis can be observed. This can because of several reasons such as the
choice of use of onion root tips, flattening of the onion root tips, addition of hydrochloric acid and 0.5% Toluidine Blue solution.
Onion root tips are easy to grow in large numbers and the cells at its tips are actively dividing, thus many of its cells will be in different stages of
mitosis. The reason for using the last 1β3mm of the root tip is because it is where the region of cell division (meristem) is located. This is the region
whereby cells are dividing but not significantly increasing in size.
26. The flattening of the onion root tips allows the chromosomes of each individual cell to be observed. The hydrochloric acid added, plays a part in
fragmenting the root tissues by weakening and removing the bonds between cells so that each cell will not be attached to the other cell, obstructing the
observation. Toluidine Blue solution acts as a colorant, giving a blue colour to the chromosomes and so that it is more easily spotted
Get more content on HelpWriting.net