Essay About Australia

Australia's Economy Essay
Australia's Economy
Australia became a commonwealth of the British Empire in 1901. It was able to take advantage of
its natural resources to rapidly develop its agricultural and manufacturing industries and to make a
major contribution to the British effort in World Wars I and II. Now,Australia has a prosperous
Western–style capitalist economy, with a per capita GDP at the level of the four dominant West
European economies. Rich in natural resources, Australia is a major exporter of agricultural
products, minerals, metals, and fossil fuels.
Commodities account for 57% of the value of total exports, so that a downturn in world commodity
prices can have a big impact on the economy. The government is pushing for increased exports
...show more content...
Wheat and sugarcane are the leading crops, followed by barley, oats, rice, potatoes, cotton,
sunflower seeds, and tomatoes. Fruits include grapes, primarily for wine, and oranges, apples,
pineapples, and bananas.
Rangeland and pastures occupy about 55 percent of the total land area; on this are raised the world's
largest number of sheep, producing more wool than any other country. Other livestock include cattle,
about one–twelfth for dairying, and pigs. Beef and cattle hides are important products.
Australia is almost self–sufficient in lumber production. Most of roundwood production is
broadleaved, and timber plantations account for about one–fifth of the lumber output. Most fishing
in Australia is marine, three–fifths from the Indian Ocean and two–fifths from the Pacific Ocean.
More than two–thirds of the annual catch consists of crustaceans; tuna is also important. Mining and
quarrying account for about 4 percent of the GDP and employ about 1 percent of the labour force.
Bituminous and lignite coal are the leading energy minerals, followed by petroleum and natural gas.
Australia leads the world in the production of bauxite, industrial diamond, and lead; other metallic
minerals include iron ore, manganese ore, titanium oxide, zinc, copper, nickel, tin, silver, gold,
platinum, cobalt, cadmium, antimony, zircon, bismuth, and tungsten. The principal nonmetallic
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Essay On Australia Day
Earlier this year, thousands of indigenous Australians and activist marched in major cities across
Australia, arguing that January 26 shouldn't be celebrated as its marks a day of mourning for many
people. Thousands of Aboriginal people and activist protest in Melbourne arguing the date of
Australia day must be altered.
A Sky News report revealed that several protests turned violent with an Australian flag set alight in
Sydney and Melbourne, and protesters likening the day to the bombing of Hiroshima.
On January 26, 1788 the first fleet arrived, marking the beginning of genocide of the Aboriginal
People. By 1935 all states came to acknowledge the colonisation of Australia, and January 26
became known as "Australia Day".
However, leading up to the bicentenary of European colonisation in 1988 the term "Invasion Day"
came into usage by Aboriginal people who questioned what was to celebrate about mass genocide.
Since then protests have been held every year.
With Australia Day associated to celebrating genocide and the destruction of the Aboriginal culture,
the government must consider altering the date of Australia Day out of respect for the Aboriginal
People and to further assimilation between Indigenous and Non–Indigenous Australians, which in
contrast to genocide, is something truly worth celebrating.
Before the arrival of the first fleet the Aboriginal people were free however, after the invasion the
Aboriginal people were controlled by the Europeans, as displayed in

Cultural Diversity In Australia Essay
Australia has a strong cultural diversity, I will start of by explaining Australia's culture, Australia is
one of the most ethnically diverse societies of the world today, Australia has the lowest population
density per square kilometre than any other country, The Aboriginal and Torres Strait people were
the first to inhibit the land of Australia, In Australia wearing your national dress for religious or
customary purposes is widely accepted, Australian dress code can change regarding different
jobs, events or environments, but in general public there is no law on dress codes, people dress
to suit their own style or in a way to express themselves, In Australia it is polite to shake someone's
hand when you first meet them, regardless of sex, it has also become quite common to kiss
someone hello on the cheek, but this is usually if you know them quite well and it is usually
between friends, it is also social custom to look someone in the eye if you are talking to them.
Australian culture tends to be informal in their everyday interactions, most people address other
people by their first names, unless otherwise instructed, it is also customary to say please and thank
you and excuse me and sorry in most situations.
Australians celebrate all kinds of different holidays, some recognised days hold national meanings
or to commemorate a past event, which in Australia we call a public holiday, on a public holiday
some business close, but emergency services work 365 days of the

Australia Essay
The name of Australia comes from the Latin word Australis, which means southern. Since it lies
entirely in the southern hemisphere, Australia is most commonly referred to as "down under".
Australia, being a country, is also a continent. In land area it's the sixth largest for a country and the
smallest continent.Australia is a very dry, thinly populated country. Very few coastal areas receive
enough rainfall to support a large population. The largest group of Australian people live in two
large cities, Sydney and Melbourne.
The vast interior is mainly desert or grassland and there are very few settlements. As a whole, the
country has a density of six people per square mile.The down under is famous for vast wide–open
spaces, bright...show more content...
In the southern region lie the Australian Alps.
The Murray River, Australia's only river that constantly flows from the Alps, is the longest
river.Australia's second major region, the central lowlands, is generally a flat area with infrequent
rainfall along the north and south coasts and near the eastern highlands. Farmers in the southern
region grow wheat but most of the region is to hot or to dry for crops. However the course grass or
shrubs that cover the land make it suitable for livestock. The two large towns in the region have
fewer than 30,000 people.Australia's third major region, the western plateau, covers the western two
thirds of Australia.
A vast, dry, treeless plateau extends about 400 miles along the regions southern edge; while the
central part is mostly desert. A lot of the desert area consists of swirling sands that often drift into
giant dunes. In places the desert gives way to land covered by grass and shrubs. Grazing livestock
can then use the land. The north and south has the regions heaviest rainfall. The regions two largest
cities are Adelaide and Perth.The OutbackThe bush, as the Australians call it, refers to the
countryside.
The term outback refers specifically to the interior of the country, with is mainly open countryside
including vast expanses of grazing land. About 13 percent of Australia's people live in these rural
areas. Many people live extremely isolated lives on sheep and

Essay on Australian Climate
Australian Climate
Australian Climate Zones
When looking at the climate of Australia, we can break up the continent into three basic areas of
climate. The tropical region containing the northern peninsulas of Australia, as well as the city of
Darwin, is hot and extremely wet. Average maximum temperatures range from 30– 39В°C with an
average annual rainfall of up to 400 cm. The tropical north is covered with rainforests and is
regularly hit by tropical monsoons, hence the extreme amount of precipitation. Secondly, the central
deserts and grasslands cover over seventy percent of the inland and receive the least amount of rain,
from 12 to 100 cm annually. The maximum temperature ranges from 24В°C in the southern deserts
to over 36В°C in...show more content...
The high pressure causes divergence, which decreases cloud cover. Therefore, the subtropical high
which exists over Australia causes dry and cloud–free weather, atmospheric conditions which are
conducive to deserts. The southeast corner of Australia is farthest away from the subtropical high
and is moister than the central regions because of this. The northern area of the country is hit by
tropical cyclones in the summer; while the southern part of Australia is struck by cold frontal
systems from the south. Because the central region only receives the tail end of these systems,
minimal precipitation occurs year–round. The driest location in Australia is Mulka Station on the
Birdsville Track (in the Outback), which receives less than twelve centimeters of precipitation per
year.
Although the subtropical high pressure belt is generally centered over Australia, it shifts from
season to season. The high pressure belt causes many changes in weather; from October to March the
belt is in the south, carrying moisture from the Pacific into the temperate area in the southeast.
During the winter, the belt shifts northward, increasing the amount of precipitation in the tropical
regions of the north. When the high pressure system shifts north, the

Australia
One place I have always dreamed of visiting and living is Australia. Whenever I see Australia on TV
everything looks beautiful. The people seem very friendly and warm. Culturally it seems like a good
fit for me because the people are pretty easy going and so am I.
The country is made up very similar to us in its people according to http://www.indexmundi.com/ a
few positives for me is that the infant mortality rate is lower and the life expectancy is a little higher
in Australia. One big note is the obesity rate is 26% amongst adults versus 33% in the US. 0
Financially the country is very stable. Their GDP is 999 billion and their 5 year growth rate is 2.5.
The unemployment rate is 5.6% which is not too different then the US.
The...show more content...
* Legislation in the US requires both legislative approval and the president's signature, whereas in
Australia convention ensures that legislation is automatically ratified by the Governor–General once
passed by both houses. In the US the Congress can over–ride a presidential veto.
Australia's land mass according to http://www.australia.gov.au is about 4.677 million square miles
which is 5% of the worlds land mass. Australia is the smallest of the world's continents. It is also
the lowest, the flattest and (apart from Antarctica) the driest. The highest point on the Australian
mainland is Mount Kosciuszko, New South Wales, at 7268 feet above sea level. The lowest point
is the dry bed of Lake Eyre, South Australia, which is 49 feet below sea level. Climatic zones range
from tropical rainforests, deserts and cool temperature forests to snow covered mountains.
From an education standpoint Australia is not too different in many areas. According to http:/
/www.nationmaster.com the average amount of education years for adults in Australia is 10.6 years
versus 12 for the US. However the literacy percentage is the same between the two countries both at
99%.
The most attended sports in Australia according to http://www.topendsports.com are as follows: 1.
Australian Rules Football 2. Cricket 3. Golf 4. Rugby 5. Soccer 6. Tennis 7.

Essay about Australian Aborigines
Australian Aborigines For Aborigines, Australia was a marginally better place in which to live in
1945 then in 1900. At the turn of the century, the Australian state governments neither had a uniform
nor clear Aboriginal policy. Treatment of Aborigines was consequently decided by society's
individual attitudes, not law. While many people (white) were aggressive towards Aborigines till
well past 1945, a general more sympathetic attitude towards them started to slightly ease the strong
oppression they were shackled by. As the social stance towards aborigines improved so did the
political policy, leading to a small improvement in (or the minor establishment of) Aboriginal
economy, though in practise their actual situation had changed...show more content...
"Along the frontier of settlement in the early twentieth century, relations between whites and
Aborigines continued to reveal conflict and inhumanity." The Aborigines who were forced to live on
the Government reserves or mission stations, mainly lived in squalor and poverty. There they
received the minimum necessities – medicine, shelter, a minimum of food that in most places was
inadequate to sustain a healthy life, and the customary blankets. In some places some schooling
and elementary training in practical skills was also provided. There was a very high child
mortality rate within the reserves. Whether the mission or reserve was church or government run,
the aboriginal people who were situated there were regimented and severely punished if they did
not obey the rules. Aborigines in 1900 had been stripped of their former way of life and were
treated like ignorant animals and slaves. The lack of humanitarian care in the aborigines' situation
was encouraged by the common held view in society that the aborigines were a dying race. Drawing
from the Darwin theory, white society believed that extinction of the Aborigines was a part of
evolution, 'survival of the fittest'. Such an attitude was confirmed by a decline in Aboriginal
population, with only 40 000 full–blooded aborigines estimated to be

Essay On Australia And The Environmental Crisis
This article is talking about Australia and the environmental crisis. Australia has taken a decision that
the dismissal of many of the scientists who are contributing to climate change, because they learned
everything you could need to know about the phenomenon of global warming.
Australian scientists are concerned about this decision, because Australia is the driest and also the
most affected by this phenomenon. In this state happens a lot of changes in the weather, and that
this decision will not respond to any of the effects of global warming. There are adverse effects
throughout the region, on a larger scale and around the world. Based on the decision to dismiss
scientists in Australia, it has been cut up to 110 jobs out of 140 jobs in the atmosphere department,
and according to several reports: 120 have been transferred at land and water program, and350
employees of the climate they will be transferred far from their area of specialization.
Australia's Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO), It has taken a
strategic decision to have such an initiative to monitor the impact of climate change. This...show
more content...
Also, it will make the country ill–equipped to deal with the consequences of global warming. We
have mentioned previously that Australia is the driest country on earth, Australia has experienced
significant shifts in weather patterns. The strategic step that has been developed, which is far from
the basics of climate change step. Ie, work to adapt to new methods suitable for the current
environmental situation and any new environment. I see that there is for them to do a lot of work
and effort to understand the problem. The world needs the climate models to adapt and the reduction
of this research there may be impacts throughout the region. The Australian Government is obviously
changing

Persuasive Essay About Moving To Australia
Being a 9–year–old immigrant, born and brought up in a third world country, Kenya, and moving
to Australia was a big step for me. I had no understanding of how life around me would
dramatically change. Shifting from a society with dark skinned people around me to almost no
dark skin people around me but light skin, from dirty rural areas to clean urban areas, dirty air to
fresh air and from an insecure world to an innocent world. My parents decided to move to
Australia for me and my little sister's future. Apparently being educated in Australia was a big
deal, according to the media and what my parents had told me. When we first moved to Australia,
Sydney was our first settlement state due to close family members who had been living there
originally. I was excited about the move, looking at the environment and how safe everything
looked compared to Kenya, where people always had the fear of being attacked or kidnapped. The
first week of school for a 9–year–old foreigner should never be like mine. Registering at my local
school, starting as a year 4 student in a combined class of giant year 4's and 5's was where I was first
hit with bullying. Just because of my skin colour, my Indian–English accent, the foods I used to eat
at lunch and me following my religious beliefs, gave the Aussie kids a reason to bully and
exclude me. I faced this for a year only to migrate to Perth due to more family members and past
family friends. Being 9. I was unaware of all this 'racism', didn't

Australian Aborigines Essay
Australian Aborigines
Australian Aborigines are thought to have the longest continuous cultural history in the world. Yet,
within a hundred years, the near extinction of the Aboriginal culture almost occurred. This single
event, the invasion of the Australian continent by European settlers, changed the lifestyle, the
culture, and the fate of Australian Aborigines. Their entire lives were essentially taken away and
they were forced into a white, European world where the lifestyle change could not have been any
different. Aborigines in Australia today are struggling to deal with a past in which they lost touch
with their culture and now are trying to regain some of that cultural identity.
In order to understand the effects of...show more content...
Australian Aborigines believe that to destroy or damage a sacred site threatens not only the present
inhabitants but also the spiritual inhabitants of the land. Broome described that "Each tribe
believed that its boundaries were fixed and validated by the stories about the movements of their
ancestors, and therefore there was no reason to desire or try to possess the country of another
group: it would have seemed meaningless to them since their creation stories only related to their
own piece of territory" (14). Australian Aborigines traveled around a land that was a symbolic and
religious world. There were not simply rocks, trees, and watering holes but they were objects and
places that the great ancestors had created and places where they still lived. The Aboriginal culture
stressed continuity over change.
The question of intertribal trading and communication occurring between Aboriginal groups is one
that is not agreed upon by investigators of the culture. Broome described in his book, Aboriginal
Australians, some trading between groups but did not place an emphasis on it. In fact, Broome
seemed to describe a slow response to European presence because of the lack of sufficient
communication between groups (36). However, Reynolds in The Other Side of the

Culture In Australia Essay
CULTURE
GOVERNMENT/ HISTORY
There are different views in concern to the subject of Australia's culture and the relations to the
government and history. Many claim that Australia's blend of global influences–the
cross–fertilisation of cultures by the dominant political powers of Great Britain, the United States,
and emerging neighbours in Asia.
Others argue that separate and distinct Australian cultures have existed for a long time, as an
example, Aborigines. Aboriginal cultures dating back thousands of years took many forms, with
over 100 separate languages, and with widespread social networks making it necessary for
Aboriginal people to be multilingual to communicate. A separate British–influenced Australian
culture is also said to...show more content...
Australia's Cultural Development
Australia has been influenced by migrant cultures from over 30 countries but of these the strongest
cultural influences up until the Second World War were British and Irish, with the highest
percentage of immigrants into Australia being of British or Irish origin.
Australia's earliest national and cultural identity developed from these British, Irish and other
European origins. Its culture is argued to have grown from these origins and passed through the
following 'stages' in Australian history:
Colonial beginnings (1788 to 1800s): settlement of Australia, colonial dependence
Gold rush era (1850s): increasing British and European migration, miners and other workers strikes
against colonial authorities, greater self–government within the British Empire
Rise of Australian nationalism (1880s to 1890s): colonial citizens and governments call for trade
protectionism, 'white' isolation from Asia and for federation of colonies
Federation (1901): colonies combine to form Commonwealth of Australia, White Australia Policy
adopted
World War One (1914 to 1918): birth of the ANZAC legend, Gallipoli and other European campaigns
Depression era (1930s): world economic and political instability, increased trade protection, fears of
Japanese expansion
World War Two (1939 to 1945): threat of Japanese invasion, European

Good evening Ladies and Gentlemen, adjudicator, opposition and my fellow debaters. The topic for
our debate is that 'Australia should become a republic'. We, Gladstone Park Team 2 agree with the
definition put forth by the affirmative team. However, we, the negative team, believe that statement
is false. Before I officially begin my arguments, I would like to clear up some misconceptions made
by the positive side. –REBUTTLES– Today as first speaker, I will be speaking about how much
money becoming a republic would cost and how Australia is fine just the way it is. Our second
speaker, will inform you all on the urgency to stay a democracy as it is an Australian tradition. Last
but not least, our third speaker, will rebut and sum up our team's

Trip To Australia Essay
The thick burnt scent of roasted coffee tickled the tip of my nose, just seconds before the old faithful
alarm blurted a distorted top–forty through its tiny top speaker. As I wiped away the grit from last
night's sleep, the stark white sunlight blinded me momentarily as I slung my arm along the top
of the alarm, searching for an off button. While stretching my hands and feet to the four posts of
my bed, my eyes opened after several watery blinks. Swinging my legs over the side of the bed, I
crawled out of the comforter, edging awkwardly like a butterfly from a cocoon. The dusty pebbles
on the chilled wood floor sent ripples spiralling from my ankles to the nape of my neck, when my
feet hit the floor. Grabbing my emerald robe, recently...show more content...
It was the holiday of a life time, the most relaxing and peaceful place to visit; in my opinion!
***
It was October 16th, 2008. Mid–spring in Australia where the flowers were in bloom, the weather
was warm, and the sand and surf of Australia's beaches beckoned to me. Sure the place has got
deadly spiders, snakes and sharks, and it's hot, real hot, but that was just the beginning. From the
prehistoric gorges of Kakadu National Park, to the white sails of the Sydney Opera House,
Australia is a country as big as your imagination. It was the first day of our holiday and everything
had been planned out.
Slowly but surely, the sun rose and was high in the sky by midday. We were all up, dressed and fed
and were ready to go for the eventful day ahead.
First on our list of the day was a sunbathing session and to go surfing in the sea. I'm not exactly the
best at surfing; to be honest I fell off almost every time. My mum sat and watched us from the sea
shore, while Laney, Nour, me and Jenny swam and surfed in the crystal blue ocean. The water
was frothy as it churned below my surfboard. As rushing waves rolled onto the , shrieks derived
from the people who were too close to the shoreline. and After an hour of swimming and
sunbathing, and being burnt to a crisp, it was time to go home for food. As we all walked back to the
hotel, I watched the people

Essay on Australia's Trade
Australia has several ties with other countries. These ties are established in several ways, one of
which is through trade. The nature of trade includes exporting and importing goods and services
which form trade links with partner countries. Trade comes with its advantages and disadvantages.
Australia also takes part in multilateral agreements, such as APEC, to be able to strengthen trade
links.
International trade is the exchange of goods and services between nations. Goods meaning tangible
objects like clothes, food and such, while services are non–tangible items like tourism and education.
Australia imports and exports a variety of goods and services. Australia's leading exports in 2009
were Coal, Iron & or and education, while...show more content...
Australia's Position in the global exporting market is only 22nd, which is far from its leading top
trade partners that fit in the Top 5. Also, Australia's global ranking in the global importing market is
18th, which is under India whose economic status is much lower than Australia. A second
disadvantage that Trading brings to Australia is the competition between local small businesses and
Trans National Corporations (TNC). Local businesses are closing down and being taken over
because of the increase in the entrance of TNCs in Australia. Large Fast food chain Corporations like
McDonalds, put local fish and chips shops under pressure. Another disadvantage with Australia being
part of International trading is that most of the products that Australia export are agricultural goods
that has high tariffs, making it costly for Australia to be able to export.
Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) is the pre–eminent economic rally in Australia's region.
APEC's goal is to drive an extensive trade and investment liberalisation and facilitation agenda. It is
focused on structural reform as a means of raising competitiveness and the efficiency of trade and
investment flows. It has helped Australia with building and strengthening ties with other countries
such as Brunei, Singapore, Philippines and other countries in the region. In 2009, 70% of Australia's
trade is with APEC countries.

Poverty in Australia Essay
Poverty in Australia Before discussing the extent of poverty in Australia, it is first crucial to
mention the difference between absolute poverty and relative poverty. Absolute Poverty is a
situation where deprivation is extreme because people do not have access to the basic necessities
such as food, clothing, and shelter. In contrast Relative Poverty is a situation in which the incidence
of poverty is measured relative to things such as average weekly earnings or income per head.
Therefore poverty, as talked about in Australia is the state where income is insufficient to meet the
minimum needs of the household or individual.
The Poverty Line is the level of income below which the income of the household or individual is
Whilst these percentages had changed significantly it was also found that the types of people who
were living under the poverty line were still the same. In this report it was found that 75 percent of
those living below the poverty line were not in the workforce, and that the aged made up 41 per cent
of all Australians that were living in poverty. (Williams, Lawrey 2000) Therefore it is clear that
although the poverty line had risen significantly from 1975 to 1987, there has not been an
improvement in the percentage of Australians living under the poverty line, but instead this
percentage has increased.
Between 1975 and 1996, per person, GDP grew by almost 90%, taxes more than doubled,
government transfers went up more than 160%, and average household income net of taxes grew by
almost 50%. Income grew significantly. The proportion of national income directed via government
grew far more significantly. Although there has been some problems with the economy during this
period such as unemployment which has grown from 4 per cent to 8.5 percent, also the average
duration of unemployment grew from 6 weeks to 52 weeks.
Unemployment is seen as one of the possible reasons for the increase in poverty rates, despite the
increase in welfare payments. Whilst it is likely that this startling increase in unemployment levels is
partly responsible for the increase in poverty, it still

Immigration to Australia Essay
Immigration to Australia
Introduction
Australia is often described as one of the 'classical countries of immigration'.
The concept of being a 'nation of immigrants' is at the center of Australian identity.
Australia is a unique country, and it has a long history of population growth due to immigration.
Australia is a young country and has not fully developed. It is commonly called "The Land of
Opportunity." This paper will discuss the history of immigration, the history of the immigration
policy, the economic, social and cultural, and the population impacts of immigration to Australia.
The History–Immigration to Australia
The history of immigration to Australia started before 1770. The first human inhabitants of Australia
The British government wanted the convicts as far away from Britain as possible. The designated
place would come to be Australia, then known as New South Wales. "On the 13th May 1787 a fleet
of eleven ships left Britain with two years provision and a cargo of 759 unwilling convicts, their
guards, and ships crew numbering–1530 people in all. They were to colonize the new land."
(http://www.ozramp.net) Transported criminals were the basis of the first migration from Europe.
Starting in 1788, some 160,000 people were shipped to the Australian colonies. These convicts, along
with the officials of the penal system, were joined by free immigrants from the early 1790's." (http:/
/www.immi.gov)
Not too many people wanted to migrate to Australia in the early days. Life was very hard during this
time. Australia needed farmers, carpenters, builders, etc., but most people did not want to leave the
comforts of home for the hardships of this new land.
Therefore, in the early 1800's as poverty and unemployment increased in Britain, the government
tried to encourage people to come to Australia. The British government encouraged people by
agreeing to pay for their passage. It was called "assisted passage", which is why these settlers were
called "Free Settlers."
Early migration peaked between 1851 and 1860. During this time arrival levels were around 50,000
people a year. There were several causes for the significant

Explain Why I Need To Study In Australia Essay
FAQs: Studying in Australia
Living and studying is Australia is a dream come true for many students. People of all different
ages from all over the world love the idea of studying in Australia at a top university.
Today we wanted to share some of the most frequently asked questions with regard to studying in
Australia.
Why study in Australia?
Studying in Australia is one of the best decisions you could make as a student. Australia has the top
universities in the world, which offers a challenging, rewarding and enriching learning experience.
Australia is one of the top countries in the world to go to for international students. Australia also
offers high standards of living in conjunction with high standards of education. It a winning
combination for students.
Do I need a visa to...show more content...
Yes there are definitely very strict English requirements which you will need to meet should you
wish to study in Australia. The chances are high that you will need to do certain tests in order to
proof your level of ability and competency in the English language.
Always check the English language requirements for your student visa. This is apart from the
English language requirements for the specific studying institution that you wish to apply at. Be
aware that you may need to take two English language tests.
How do I apply to study in Australia?
In order to successfully study in Australia you will need to apply for admission to a studying
institution of your choosing. You will also need to obtain a student visa from the Australian
Government. You will need to meet both of these requirements accordingly.
How much does it cost to study in Australia?
The amount it will cost you to study in Australia will depend on the particular studying institution
which you choose to study at, in addition to the particular course which you choose to study.
Your living costs will also vary depending on your individual location, course and

Legacy Of The Whitlam Government
The legacy of this government was that it instigated major changes in the social and cultural fabric
of Australia but it also challenged the philosophy of what an Australian is and what Australia
represented. The late 1960s and early 1970s were times of great change. Perspectives and
acceptances about imperialism, women's liberation, racism, ideology, religion, war, morality, social
responsibility and the natural environment were changing for a great many people throughout the
world. Some issues were long term political debates that had been presented previously but not
received enough support for legislative change.
The first Bill introduced to the Senate on March 1, 1972, the Death Penalty Abolition Bill was by
not a new issue (1). The...show more content...
The children of the post war baby boom were reaching or nearing adulthood, Australia had a large
youth population and in typically ALP seats like Whitlam's own seat of Werriwa the youth
population was very high (6). The withdrawal of troops from Viet Nam and the end of conscription
were also issues that affected the youth of Australia.
Another legacy of the Whitlam Government is found in the support and improvements offered to
women. Soon after the Whitlam government came to power issues relating to rights and status of
women were either supported or addressed by the Government. This included the rights and requests
for equal pay for equal work, for maternity leave, amendments to the Public Services Act, grants for
family planning centres, more affordable availability of the contraceptive pill and a supporting
mothers pension for women who were the sole parent (7).
The anti–racist philosophy forwarded by the Whitlam Government marked a major change in the
ALP and the White Australian ideology. The Racial Discrimination Bill 1975 represented a major
achievement of the Whitlam Government that effected immigration, indigenous affairs and rights,
international politics and the beginning of the multiculturalism policy.
Two other of the major policy changes instigated by the Whitlam Government were the introduction
of free tertiary education and the introduction of free medical services under Medicare.
The Whitlam Government also brought changes in the

The History of Australia Essay
To some degree the unfamiliar country of Australia was a 'Fatal Shore', a land of suffering and
hardship for the British, however after its early years, the colony began to flourish and Australia was
established as being a land of opportunity. Events in Britain, such as The Industrial Revolution,
encouraged people to consider migrating to Australia for a better life as many of the working class
were profoundly affected. Furthermore, the increase in crime due to unemployment lead to
overcrowded prisons and no destination to transport the convicts, especially after the American War
of Independence in the eighteenth century. And so, the British embarked on a new settlement
project, leading to long struggles for some and great opportunity for...show more content...
Enticed by news of inexpensive land and the abundance of work, free settlers were lured into the
country and boatloads of migrants swarmed into Australia, thus proving that Australia was no longer
a destitute place but was a land of great potential.
The British people were not met without resistance from the native Aboriginal people. Conflict, as
expected, arose between the two parties, resulting in many deaths. Captain James Campbell, an
officer who came with the First Fleet, wrote in a letter in 1788 that "I stumbled upon the bodies of
two of our Convicts...I never saw a more shocking sight – the sculls of both were fractured, one quite
open with no less than seven Spears through the body", referring to the response of the native people
to the arrival of the British. For the native Aboriginals most of all, their country became one of
suffering and brutality as the British brought with them diseases and unprecedented military power.
John Hunter wrote in April 1789 that "Small Pox had made its appearance a few Months ago
amongst these poor unfortunate Creatures...Men, Women, & Children laying dead". This provides
evidence pointing to the conclusion that the arrival of the British directly resulted in Australia
becoming a 'Fatal Shore' for the native people.
Convicts could find themselves living in rough

Essay On Australian Federation
The movement from a British colony to the independent and proud nation of Australia took place at
the turn of the 20th century. This was not a quick change and it was not a result of one singular
factor or event. Many factors and events contributed to the Federation of Australia in 1901.
Federation was influenced by the people of the nation, and their decision and thoughts on uniting of
the colonies. Before Federation, the colonies of Australia were not one country. They had different
railways, different defence forces and even identities. Federation meant that the colonies of Australia
– Queensland, New South Wales, Victoria, Tasmania, South Australia and Western Australia
– would
unite into one country. They would have the same currency, government and identity. Federation was
a major turning point in Australian history,...show more content...
Prior to 1859, Queensland was a part of New South Wales. The split of the two colonies allowed for
further changes between the colonies, which inconvenienced a lot of people. These inconveniences
included different governments, unlike railway lines and different postal systems. The Gold Rush in
the mid 1800's bought immigrants from parts of the world to add to the population, and a rise in
wealth to the Australian economy – especially the economy of Victoria. The eventual exploration of
inland Australia made it easier to cross the country and allowed for more settlement towns. People
then started to have the idea about Federation. There were two referendums – one in 1898 and one in
1899 – for the public to decide whether the colonies should federate. As seen in Source 4.65, page
211, Oxford Big Ideas Australian Curriculum History 9, the public wanted Australia to become its
own nation, to have an identity and to 'make Australia great'. The majority of the population of the
colonies voted for the Federation of Australia to occur, which then followed in

Essay About Australia

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