1. Erik Erikson's
STAGES OF PSYCHOSOCIAL
DEVELOPMENT
REPORTERS: Buhia, Princess Angeline M.
Robles, Michelle M.
2. It occurs in the first stage
of life. The development of
trust requires warm,
nurturing caregiving. The
positive outcome is a feeling
of comfort and minimal
fear. Mistrust develops
when infants are treated
too negatively or are
ignored.
Stage 1:
(Infancy)
Trust
vs
Mistrust
3. It occurs in late infancy
and the toddler years.
After gaining trust in their
caregivers, infants begin to
discover that their behavior
is their own. They assert
their independence and
realize their will. If infants
are restrained too much or
punished too harshly, they
develop a sense of shame
and doubt.
Stage 2:
(Early
Childhood)
Autonomy
vs
Shame and
4. It corresponds to early
childhood, about 3 to 5
years of age. As young
children experience a
widening social world, they
are challenged more than
they were as infants. To
cope with these challenges,
they need to engage in
active, purposeful behavior
that involves initiative.
Children develop
uncomfortable guilt feelings
Stage 3:
(Play Age)
Initiative
vs
Guilt
5. It corresponds approximately
with the elementary school
years, from 6 years of age
until puberty or early
adolescence. As they move into
the elementary school years,
children direct their energy
toward mastering knowledge
and intellectual skills. Th e
danger in the elementary
school years is that of
developing a sense of
inferiority, unproductiveness,
Stage 4:
(School
Age)
Industry
vs
6. It corresponds to the
adolescent years. Adolescents
try to find out who they are,
what they are all about, and
where they are going in life.
They are confronted with
many new roles and adult
statuses (such as vocational
and romantic). Adolescents
need to be allowed to explore
different paths to attain a
healthy identity.
Stage 5:
(Adolescence)
Identity
vs
Identity
Confusion
7. It corresponds to the early
adult years, the twenties and
thirties. The developmental
task is to form positive close
relationships with others. The
hazard of this stage is that
one will fail to form an
intimate relationship with a
romantic partner or friend
and become socially isolated.
Stage 6:
(Young
Adulthood
Stage)
Intimacy
vs
8. It corresponds to the middle
adulthood years, the forties
and fifties. Generativity means
transmitting something positive
to the next generation. This
can involve such roles as
parenting and teaching,
through which adults assist
the next generation in
developing useful lives. Erikson
described stagnation as the
feeling of having done nothing
to help the next generation.
Stage 7:
(Adulthood
Stage)
Generativity
vs
9. It corresponds to the late
adulthood years, the sixties
until death. Older adults tend
to review their lives,
reflecting on what they have
done. If the retrospective
evaluations are positive, they
develop a sense of integrity.
That is, they view their life as
positively integrated and
worth living. In contrast, older
adults become despairing if
their backward glances are
Stage 8:
(Old Age)
Integrity
vs
Despair
