The document provides information about equestrian dressage, including its origins, rules, equipment, and some of the top representatives in the sport. It discusses how dressage originated as a method for training military horses and evolved into an artistic discipline focused on developing a horse's natural abilities through harmony with its rider. The document also outlines the basic rules for dressage competitions and equipment requirements. It briefly profiles four top dressage riders: Charlotte Dujardin, Edward Gal, Hiroshi Hoketsu, and Arnaud Boiteau.

1. EQUESTRIAN /DRESSAGE
ENGLISH II
PROFFESOR:TARNOWSKI, Grzegorz
STUDENTS:
 CHOQUE PILLCO ELIZAEBETH
 HUAMAN GOMEZ RICHARD ANTHONY
 LEON ZAMBRANO MARTIN DANIEL
 MINA SARAVIA LUREN DEL ROSARIO
 PEREZ BEDIA CARLOS ANDRES
 ROJAS DURAND JORGE LUIS

2. ENGLISH PROYECT
DRESSAGE
Originally developed as a method for training military horses, the centuries-old
discipline of dressage, which is a French term meaning “training,” was used to increase
the maneuverability and obedience of cavalry mounts with some of the very advanced
movements being taught specifically as battle techniques.
The specific purpose for dressage is to develop a horse’s natural athletic ability and
maximize its suppleness and attentiveness, all the while fostering ultimate harmony
between horse and rider.
ORIGIN
The Western World's earliest complete surviving work on many of the principles of
classical dressage is Xenophon's On Horsemanship. Xenophon emphasized training
the horse through kindness and reward.
In the 15th century, brute force training fell out of favour, while artistry in riding came to
the fore. Along with these developments came an increase in indoor riding.
The Renaissance gave rise to a new and more enlightened approach to riding, as a
part of the general cultivation of the classical arts.
By the Victorian age, indoor riding had become a sophisticated art, with both rider
and horse spending many years perfecting their form. Gueriniere, Eisenberg, Andrade
and Marialva wrote treatises on technique and theory during these periods.

3. ENGLISH PROYECT
BRIEF GUIDE TO THE MOST IMPORTANT BASIC RULES.
1. Wearing a riding hat is compulsory. Covers should be
black, navy or brown. It is the rider's responsibility to
check the safety standard of the hat.
2. White, cream or beige breeches or jodhpurs must be
worn.
3. Riders must wear a tweed jacket or a short jacket in a
conservative colour such as navy, black or bottle green
with a shirt and correctly tied stock or tie.
4. Gloves must be worn. White, cream or beige are
preferred.
5. Long leather boots or Jodhpur boots with matching gaiters in black or brown must
be worn. Gaiter material must match boot material.
6. Spurs may be worn, and in fact must be worn from advanced level upwards.
Dummy spurs may be worn.
7. Whips may be carried except in Area Festivals and Championships.
8. Saddles of English or Continental style must be worn and may be black, brown,
grey or navy. Side saddles and treeless saddles are permitted, but not Western or
Arabian saddles.
9. At intro, prelim and novice level horses must wear a snaffle bridle. For elementary
to advanced level a snaffle or double bridle may be worn. Bridles must be black,
brown, grey or navy.
10. A drop, flash or cavesson noseband must be used with a snaffle bridle. A
cavesson noseband must be used with a double bridle.
11. Bit Guards, martingales, side reins, running reins and reins with elastic inserts are
not permitted. Neither are boots or bandages except when warming up.
Breastplates and breast girths are permitted. Neck straps are permitted at intro
and prelim level, whereas balancing straps are permitted at all levels.
12. A variety of snaffle bits may be used including; loose ring snaffle, eggbutt snaffle,
racing snaffle d ring, eggbutt snaffle with cheeks, snaffle with upper cheeks,
straight bar or mullen mouth snaffle, french link snaffle, hanging cheek snaffle and
fulmer snaffle.
13. Riders must follow general rules of the school when warming up.
14. Commanders are permitted in all classes except Area Festivals, Championships
and Selection Trials.
15. Outside assistance by voice or signs that is designed to help a competitor may
result in elimination.

4. ENGLISH PROYECT
EQUIPMENT FOR EQUESTRIAN DRESSAGE
Although there is not much equipment needed for equestrian dressage, like other
equine sports, it tends to be very expensive. Of course, competitors must have a horse
to ride, which usually involves owning or leasing a horse. Riding lessons also tend to
be quite costly but are necessary, as many of the movements cannot be learned
without training.

5. ENGLISH PROYECT
EXECUTION OF REPRISES
1. Tap bell. After the bell the rider must enter A in 45 seconds. In the Kür, you must
enter the cuadrilongo 20 seconds before the start of the music, after 45 seconds to ask
after the bell. The Judge at C is responsible for tap the bell and the chronometer.
2. Wave. During the greeting the horseman must take the reins with one hand.
3. Error of walk: When a participant commits an “error of walk”, (fold the wrong hand
omits a movement, etc.) The Judge at C warns him touching the bell, if necessary, the
judge at C will indicate the point where you should resume reprise and the next
movement to be executed.
4. Error of reprise / execution: When a participant commits an "error of execution of the
reprise" (trot raised instead of sitting, greet without taking the reins in one hand, etc.) is
to penalize you as if it were a "error of walk”.
5. Unnoticed error: If the Judge does not notice an error, doubt shall be resolved in
favour of the participant. The judge must distinguish what is an error of what is a failed
technical, although this benefit to the horseman.
6. Elimination: Fall In the event of fall of horse or horseman, produced in the interior of
the cuadrilongo of competition between its entrance by A and the final greeting, the
horseman will be eliminate. Out of the cuadrilongo during the test. Will be eliminated
the horse that is out completely of the cuadrilongo, with them four legs, during a test of
dressage between the time of the entrance and finish.
7. Sanction of points. The penalize points will be deducted on the sheet of each judge
of the total points obtained by the participant.
8. Penalize: will be considered and penalized
- Enter with whip, protective or bands or not regulatory clothing around the track (in
cases of discrepancy with regulation)
-Enter the cuadrilongo before the tap Bell.

6. ENGLISH PROYECT
10. Start and end of a reprise. A reprise begins with the input by to and ends after the
greeting end, as soon as the horse is move to forward. Any incident before the
beginning or after the end of the reprise will not affect notes
11. Reprise free Kur
the horseman must enter the cuadrilongo inside 20 seconds at the beginning of the
music after music from the outside of the track of competition. If there is not space,
they will do it from within. If it asked the music from the inside if not authorized it be
calculated an error. Spend 20 seconds will result in an error posting.

7. ENGLISH PROYECT
REPRESENTATIVES OF DRESSAGE EQUESTRIAN
Charlotte Dujardin
Born 13 July 1985. She is an elite British dressage rider. The
most successful British dressage rider in the history of the
sport and the winner of all major titles and world records in
the sport, Dujardin has been described as the most dominant
dressage rider of her era. Riding Valegro, Dujardin currently
holds the complete set of the available individual elite
dressage titles; the individual Olympic freestyle, World
freestyle and Grand Prix Special, World Cup individual
dressage and European freestyle and Grand Prix Special
titles. She is the first, and to date only, rider to hold this
complete set of titles at the same time.
Edward GAL
Born 4 March 1970. Rheden - Netherlands.
He and the stallion Totilas (nicknamed "Toto"), were triple
gold medalists at the 2010 FEI World Equestrian Games,
becoming the first horse-rider partnership ever to sweep the
three available dressage gold medals at a single FEI World
Games. Going into the 2010 Games, they had amassed
multiple world-record scores in international competition,
leading one American journalist to call them "rock stars in the
horse world".
Hiroshi Hoketsu
Born 28 March 1941. He is a Japanese equestrian rider. He
competed in the 1964 Summer Olympics, finishing 40th
in show jumping. Hoketsu also qualified for the 1988 Summer
Olympics. At the 2008 Summer Olympics on August 13,
2008, he finished 9th in the Dressage Team Grand Prix and
35th in the Dressage Individual Grand Prix.[1]In 2012, at the
age of 70, Hoketsu won a berth for Japanese representation
for the 2012 Summer Olympics in individual dressage and in
competition of equestrian at the 2012 Summer Olympics –
Individual dressage he finished 40th.
Arnaud Boiteau
Born 7 November 1973 in Angers. He is a French equestrian and
Olympic champion. He won a team gold medal in eventing at
the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens.