The document is EPSU's response to the EU Green Paper on energy strategy. Key points include:
1) EPSU welcomes discussion on EU energy policy but is concerned about the emphasis on market liberalization which has had adverse effects on employment and prices.
2) The Green Paper lacks a social dimension and fails to address how energy policy can maximize employment or workers' rights.
3) EPSU disagrees that further internal market liberalization will ensure secure and sustainable energy supplies and questions whether security can be achieved through competitive markets.
4) EPSU argues for opt-outs allowing governments to address market failures, and for democratic oversight of any new EU energy regulator.
This document provides CEEP's position on the European Commission's Green Paper "A European Strategy for Sustainable, Competitive and Secure Energy". CEEP welcomes the Green Paper as the beginning of developing a more integrated European energy policy. CEEP expects the Commission's proposed "Strategic EU energy reviews" to further develop an integrated approach. CEEP believes the existing European energy legislation should be fully implemented before considering new regulations. CEEP also highlights the need to maintain a diverse set of energy market participants and balance effective, affordable and sustainable energy sources.
The DIHK welcomes the Green Paper's debate on energy policy challenges facing the EU. However, the EU's response should avoid increased state intervention in energy markets and new forms of bureaucracy. The principle of a market-driven and competition-based energy mix should be upheld. While strengthening the EU Commission's role in external energy policy could help exploit the EU's position as a large energy market, internally the focus should be on improving cooperation and regulating coordination between member states. New EU institutions are unnecessary for sharing experiences on regulatory systems and infrastructure protection standards. The EU must also work to include other major emitters in meaningful greenhouse gas reductions to make climate protection policies effective.
- UNICE supports the European Commission's initiative to strengthen EU energy policy cooperation through a green paper. It sets out three fundamental objectives for European energy policy: ensuring energy supply security and diversity; establishing competitive energy markets; and addressing environmental impacts through sustainable development.
- UNICE calls for an integrated approach that makes these three objectives mutually reinforcing. It also calls for more transparency in national energy decisions that affect the common energy market and for a pan-European perspective on energy, competitiveness, and environmental issues.
- UNICE urges the European Council to give impetus to strengthening EU cooperation on these three objectives. It provides detailed recommendations in four areas: strengthening gas and electricity competition; developing an active external energy policy; addressing
The document summarizes the key points from a response by Cefic (European Chemical Industry Council) to the EU's Green Paper on energy policy. The summary includes:
1) Cefic believes the EU needs to create truly competitive gas and electricity markets through measures like effective unbundling of suppliers, empowered regulators, increased transmission capacity, and transparency.
2) Security of supply depends on open markets that attract investment. Transparency of supply and demand data is also important.
3) The energy mix should be determined by the market, not policies that exclude options like nuclear. Renewables should focus on cost-effective technologies.
Electricity market reforms in Ukraine. Challenges and opportunitiesUIFuture
The electricity market reforms in Ukraine provide for establishing separate formal and informal market sectors with competition-based pricing, separating distribution companies from suppliers, and introducing incentive-based tariffs for transmission and distribution system operators. The reforms are scheduled to commence on July 1, 2019. Failure to implement the reforms could result in losses of $3.66 billion in annual capital investments, $7.4 billion in annual GDP, and $1.16 billion in annual state budget revenues for Ukraine each year the reforms are delayed.
After South Africa experienced an energy crisis in 2008, long-term planning began to develop energy efficiency measures and introduce energy demand management initiatives. Eskom, which generates 95% of South Africa's energy, launched programs like Integrated Demand Management to improve efficiency and reduce costs by lowering demand through load management, peak clipping, and energy efficiency audits. While opportunities exist in South Africa's growing energy demand management market, Finnish companies would need to establish local representation to operate successfully and address challenges like Eskom's current monopoly and potential lack of supporting energy technologies and infrastructure.
Vattenfall supports the European Commission's Green Paper which aims to establish a coherent and integrated European energy policy. Vattenfall identifies three major objectives: 1) Integration of the Internal Energy Market to realize its full benefits, 2) Tackling climate change through binding long-term commitments and expanding emissions trading, and 3) Ensuring a coherent and secure European energy policy. Vattenfall emphasizes the need for transparency in energy markets, developing regional markets, and defining the roles of transmission system operators and regulators to support market integration.
This document provides CEEP's position on the European Commission's Green Paper "A European Strategy for Sustainable, Competitive and Secure Energy". CEEP welcomes the Green Paper as the beginning of developing a more integrated European energy policy. CEEP expects the Commission's proposed "Strategic EU energy reviews" to further develop an integrated approach. CEEP believes the existing European energy legislation should be fully implemented before considering new regulations. CEEP also highlights the need to maintain a diverse set of energy market participants and balance effective, affordable and sustainable energy sources.
The DIHK welcomes the Green Paper's debate on energy policy challenges facing the EU. However, the EU's response should avoid increased state intervention in energy markets and new forms of bureaucracy. The principle of a market-driven and competition-based energy mix should be upheld. While strengthening the EU Commission's role in external energy policy could help exploit the EU's position as a large energy market, internally the focus should be on improving cooperation and regulating coordination between member states. New EU institutions are unnecessary for sharing experiences on regulatory systems and infrastructure protection standards. The EU must also work to include other major emitters in meaningful greenhouse gas reductions to make climate protection policies effective.
- UNICE supports the European Commission's initiative to strengthen EU energy policy cooperation through a green paper. It sets out three fundamental objectives for European energy policy: ensuring energy supply security and diversity; establishing competitive energy markets; and addressing environmental impacts through sustainable development.
- UNICE calls for an integrated approach that makes these three objectives mutually reinforcing. It also calls for more transparency in national energy decisions that affect the common energy market and for a pan-European perspective on energy, competitiveness, and environmental issues.
- UNICE urges the European Council to give impetus to strengthening EU cooperation on these three objectives. It provides detailed recommendations in four areas: strengthening gas and electricity competition; developing an active external energy policy; addressing
The document summarizes the key points from a response by Cefic (European Chemical Industry Council) to the EU's Green Paper on energy policy. The summary includes:
1) Cefic believes the EU needs to create truly competitive gas and electricity markets through measures like effective unbundling of suppliers, empowered regulators, increased transmission capacity, and transparency.
2) Security of supply depends on open markets that attract investment. Transparency of supply and demand data is also important.
3) The energy mix should be determined by the market, not policies that exclude options like nuclear. Renewables should focus on cost-effective technologies.
Electricity market reforms in Ukraine. Challenges and opportunitiesUIFuture
The electricity market reforms in Ukraine provide for establishing separate formal and informal market sectors with competition-based pricing, separating distribution companies from suppliers, and introducing incentive-based tariffs for transmission and distribution system operators. The reforms are scheduled to commence on July 1, 2019. Failure to implement the reforms could result in losses of $3.66 billion in annual capital investments, $7.4 billion in annual GDP, and $1.16 billion in annual state budget revenues for Ukraine each year the reforms are delayed.
After South Africa experienced an energy crisis in 2008, long-term planning began to develop energy efficiency measures and introduce energy demand management initiatives. Eskom, which generates 95% of South Africa's energy, launched programs like Integrated Demand Management to improve efficiency and reduce costs by lowering demand through load management, peak clipping, and energy efficiency audits. While opportunities exist in South Africa's growing energy demand management market, Finnish companies would need to establish local representation to operate successfully and address challenges like Eskom's current monopoly and potential lack of supporting energy technologies and infrastructure.
Vattenfall supports the European Commission's Green Paper which aims to establish a coherent and integrated European energy policy. Vattenfall identifies three major objectives: 1) Integration of the Internal Energy Market to realize its full benefits, 2) Tackling climate change through binding long-term commitments and expanding emissions trading, and 3) Ensuring a coherent and secure European energy policy. Vattenfall emphasizes the need for transparency in energy markets, developing regional markets, and defining the roles of transmission system operators and regulators to support market integration.
The International Partnership for Energy Efficiency Cooperation (IPEEC) was established in 2009 at the G8 summit in Italy to facilitate the rapid deployment of clean energy technologies worldwide. IPEEC members account for over 80% of global GDP and energy use. The IPEEC Secretariat is located in Paris, France.
China Global Think Tank Summit Presentation 2013nooone
IPEEC is an intergovernmental organization established in 2009 to promote global energy efficiency. It has members from major economies accounting for over 80% of global GDP and energy use. The document discusses the growing role of energy efficiency in Asia to address challenges of urbanization, rising energy demand, and the need to reduce emissions. Key trends in the Asia-Pacific region include rapid urbanization and rising but improving energy intensity. Financial barriers like high upfront costs often impede energy efficiency projects. IPEEC works to overcome these first cost barriers and facilitate energy efficiency financing by addressing issues like information asymmetry, lack of credit histories, and inadequate supporting infrastructure.
This document summarizes a presentation on wind power financing and investing in Turkey. The key points are:
1) Turkey has a very favorable wind regime for wind power generation with high average capacity factors. However, subsidies are insufficient to make all projects financially viable.
2) Onshore wind power is growing significantly in Turkey, driven by climate change concerns, energy security, and domestic industry support. Offtake agreements and turbine choice are important factors in project success.
3) Access to financing remains challenging due to risk aversion among banks following the 2008 credit crunch. Transactions require a club of lenders and more equity. Project and sponsor quality are critical for attracting capital.
This interim report summarizes subsidies and costs of EU energy in 2012. It finds that total public interventions in EU energy markets were €122 billion in 2012, with renewable energy sources receiving the highest support of €41 billion. The estimated external costs of environmental impacts from energy production and use were €200 billion. Wholesale costs of energy across the EU were approximately €500 billion for context. The report provides breakdowns of subsidies by technology and EU country.
(electronic version)Effects of an Energy Policy in the Industrial Sector The ...Selma Dogic
The document discusses the effects of Australia's Clean Energy Act of 2011 on the industrial sector. It implemented a carbon pricing mechanism from 2011-2014 that placed a price on carbon emissions. This was expected to incentivize industries to reduce emissions and lead to a more efficient outcome by accounting for the negative externality of carbon pollution. However, the policy's ability to significantly reduce Australia's absolute emissions was unclear, and it faced repeal in 2014. The policy aimed to balance reducing emissions while mitigating economic impacts through industry assistance programs.
Wind Power Regulatory Framework Survey 2016Stavros Thomas
In the first semester of 2016 a survey was conducted to holistically evaluate the effectiveness of the existing wind power regulatory framework and the related supporting mechanisms performance. The investigation included respondents from around the world spanning a broad range of stakeholders, wind power professionals, insurance providers and policy makers.
The survey conducted to assess the strengths and weaknesses of the existing regulatory framework for the wind energy (particularly offshore) and provide an indicative picture of the pragmatic needs and improvements in the path to a more sustainable energy system and democratic control over renewable energy.
Evolving institutions and new opportunities. IST 2013Cian O'Donovan
The role of evolving institutions and new opportunities in diffusing socio-technical systems: The Irish wind industry 1990 – 2010.
Presentation of research in progress at IST 2013 in Zurich
Marketing Intelligence for Volkswagen Touareg Hybrid in the UKDifan Zhang
This document analyzes the market for hybrid and electric vehicles in the United Kingdom using several frameworks. It first provides an overview of the UK car manufacturing market and people's perceptions of Volkswagen in the country. It then summarizes Porter's five forces model and the competitive climate model for analyzing an industry's structure and competitive environment. The majority of the document involves a PESTEL analysis of the political, economic, social, technological, environmental, and legal factors affecting the hybrid/electric vehicle market in the UK. Key points analyzed include the government's purchase incentives for these vehicles, investments in battery technology, emissions regulations, and demographic trends. Finally, it examines growth drivers and performs five forces analyses of new entrants, supplier power
(1) Poland has transitioned from a green certificate system for renewable energy to an auction system, with the first auctions to be held in 2016.
(2) The auction system favors technologies like biomass and small hydro that can generate electricity for over 4,000 hours per year but may limit growth of intermittent sources like wind.
(3) There is a risk of an "investment gap" between the expiration of the green certificate system in late 2015 and when the first new projects from the auction system begin generating electricity in 2017/2018.
1. The current enforcement system of the Energy Community lacks effectiveness due to its political nature, lack of sanctions, and inability to directly involve private parties or allow preliminary references or direct actions.
2. Alternatives for enforcing energy law, such as relying on national courts or international arbitration, are also limited due to weak institutions, lengthy proceedings, and unsuitability for small disputes.
3. Reforming the enforcement system to establish a judicial body and revise the sanctions system could help overcome political deadlocks, allow treaty interpretation, and increase compliance with energy law.
Semed arab eepr workshop policy development session introRCREEE
This document provides an agenda and background information for an energy efficiency policy development working session in the SEMED/Arab region. It summarizes current energy use trends, including growing demand for transport and worsening energy intensity. Barriers to energy efficiency are discussed, such as subsidies and lack of awareness. A range of policy options are presented to address barriers, including standards, labeling, financing programs, and institutional frameworks. Participants will discuss opportunities and policies for industry, buildings, transport and cross-sectoral areas in breakout groups. The document provides sector-specific insights and lists of efficiency measures to guide discussions.
Energy is a priority for the European Union. Advanced materials, which are key for developing low-carbon energy technologies, currently comprise about 5% of materials used in technologies like wind turbines, solar panels, and batteries. The Europe-based advanced materials industry is estimated at €30 billion annually and over 100,000 direct jobs. With policies that drive innovation, manufacturing, and market development of low-carbon energy technologies, this industry could grow to €40 billion annually and 65,000 direct jobs by 2025. However, Europe risks losing leadership in advanced materials and the manufacturing of clean energy technologies to global competition if it does not seize the opportunity and establish an innovation pillar to bridge the gap between research and market adoption.
The document summarizes key aspects of EU energy policy and renewable energy development trends:
1) The EU has a number of interconnected energy policies aimed at increasing competitiveness, renewable energy use, energy efficiency, and reducing emissions.
2) The EU's 20-20-20 targets of 20% reductions in emissions, 20% renewable energy use, and 20% energy efficiency improvements by 2020 are driving a transition to low-carbon energy solutions.
3) The EU Renewables Directive sets national renewable energy targets and requirements to promote the development of renewable energy.
Environmental issues of high voltage transmission lines in urban and rural areasPower System Operation
The issue of how new high voltage overhead lines
(OHLs) are routed, and how closely they come to
existing homes or built development, are concerns
not only for communities and citizens but also for
electricity utilities themselves. A similar issue is how
new OHL proposals are treated in or near to precious
landscapes and natural areas. A related issue is how
new homes or other built developments are planned
or sited near to existing OHLs.
This document summarizes a paper about renewable energy law and policy in Thailand. It discusses Thailand's initiatives to increase renewable energy, including a feed-in tariff program. However, the renewable energy approval and administrative process has become more complex over time as it involves multiple government agencies. This has made the process longer, more bureaucratic, and less transparent. The document calls for reforms to streamline the process while still maintaining environmental standards, in order to more efficiently encourage renewable energy development.
- The document summarizes EUROCHAMBRES' position on the EU's 2006 Green Paper on energy policy.
- It supports completing the EU's internal energy market and increasing interconnection capacities between countries to improve competitiveness and security of energy supplies.
- It stresses the importance of including small and medium-sized enterprises in the policy process and providing incentives and support to improve their energy efficiency.
The document summarizes the conclusions of the 7th European Economic Congress held in April 2015 in Katowice, Poland. The congress focused on how Europe can boost investments, innovations, and energy to strengthen economic growth. Key points discussed included the need to reduce regulatory barriers and attract more private investment to fuel growth; increase innovation through tax incentives and research support; seek opportunities in new markets like Africa and Asia; and integrate energy and environmental policies to increase security while achieving climate goals. The European Fund for Strategic Investments aims to leverage €315 billion for strategic projects through 2021. However, participants expressed skepticism about current project proposals and stressed the need for higher quality projects and reforms to improve the regulatory environment for long-term investments and growth
The International Partnership for Energy Efficiency Cooperation (IPEEC) was established in 2009 at the G8 summit in Italy to facilitate the rapid deployment of clean energy technologies worldwide. IPEEC members account for over 80% of global GDP and energy use. The IPEEC Secretariat is located in Paris, France.
China Global Think Tank Summit Presentation 2013nooone
IPEEC is an intergovernmental organization established in 2009 to promote global energy efficiency. It has members from major economies accounting for over 80% of global GDP and energy use. The document discusses the growing role of energy efficiency in Asia to address challenges of urbanization, rising energy demand, and the need to reduce emissions. Key trends in the Asia-Pacific region include rapid urbanization and rising but improving energy intensity. Financial barriers like high upfront costs often impede energy efficiency projects. IPEEC works to overcome these first cost barriers and facilitate energy efficiency financing by addressing issues like information asymmetry, lack of credit histories, and inadequate supporting infrastructure.
This document summarizes a presentation on wind power financing and investing in Turkey. The key points are:
1) Turkey has a very favorable wind regime for wind power generation with high average capacity factors. However, subsidies are insufficient to make all projects financially viable.
2) Onshore wind power is growing significantly in Turkey, driven by climate change concerns, energy security, and domestic industry support. Offtake agreements and turbine choice are important factors in project success.
3) Access to financing remains challenging due to risk aversion among banks following the 2008 credit crunch. Transactions require a club of lenders and more equity. Project and sponsor quality are critical for attracting capital.
This interim report summarizes subsidies and costs of EU energy in 2012. It finds that total public interventions in EU energy markets were €122 billion in 2012, with renewable energy sources receiving the highest support of €41 billion. The estimated external costs of environmental impacts from energy production and use were €200 billion. Wholesale costs of energy across the EU were approximately €500 billion for context. The report provides breakdowns of subsidies by technology and EU country.
(electronic version)Effects of an Energy Policy in the Industrial Sector The ...Selma Dogic
The document discusses the effects of Australia's Clean Energy Act of 2011 on the industrial sector. It implemented a carbon pricing mechanism from 2011-2014 that placed a price on carbon emissions. This was expected to incentivize industries to reduce emissions and lead to a more efficient outcome by accounting for the negative externality of carbon pollution. However, the policy's ability to significantly reduce Australia's absolute emissions was unclear, and it faced repeal in 2014. The policy aimed to balance reducing emissions while mitigating economic impacts through industry assistance programs.
Wind Power Regulatory Framework Survey 2016Stavros Thomas
In the first semester of 2016 a survey was conducted to holistically evaluate the effectiveness of the existing wind power regulatory framework and the related supporting mechanisms performance. The investigation included respondents from around the world spanning a broad range of stakeholders, wind power professionals, insurance providers and policy makers.
The survey conducted to assess the strengths and weaknesses of the existing regulatory framework for the wind energy (particularly offshore) and provide an indicative picture of the pragmatic needs and improvements in the path to a more sustainable energy system and democratic control over renewable energy.
Evolving institutions and new opportunities. IST 2013Cian O'Donovan
The role of evolving institutions and new opportunities in diffusing socio-technical systems: The Irish wind industry 1990 – 2010.
Presentation of research in progress at IST 2013 in Zurich
Marketing Intelligence for Volkswagen Touareg Hybrid in the UKDifan Zhang
This document analyzes the market for hybrid and electric vehicles in the United Kingdom using several frameworks. It first provides an overview of the UK car manufacturing market and people's perceptions of Volkswagen in the country. It then summarizes Porter's five forces model and the competitive climate model for analyzing an industry's structure and competitive environment. The majority of the document involves a PESTEL analysis of the political, economic, social, technological, environmental, and legal factors affecting the hybrid/electric vehicle market in the UK. Key points analyzed include the government's purchase incentives for these vehicles, investments in battery technology, emissions regulations, and demographic trends. Finally, it examines growth drivers and performs five forces analyses of new entrants, supplier power
(1) Poland has transitioned from a green certificate system for renewable energy to an auction system, with the first auctions to be held in 2016.
(2) The auction system favors technologies like biomass and small hydro that can generate electricity for over 4,000 hours per year but may limit growth of intermittent sources like wind.
(3) There is a risk of an "investment gap" between the expiration of the green certificate system in late 2015 and when the first new projects from the auction system begin generating electricity in 2017/2018.
1. The current enforcement system of the Energy Community lacks effectiveness due to its political nature, lack of sanctions, and inability to directly involve private parties or allow preliminary references or direct actions.
2. Alternatives for enforcing energy law, such as relying on national courts or international arbitration, are also limited due to weak institutions, lengthy proceedings, and unsuitability for small disputes.
3. Reforming the enforcement system to establish a judicial body and revise the sanctions system could help overcome political deadlocks, allow treaty interpretation, and increase compliance with energy law.
Semed arab eepr workshop policy development session introRCREEE
This document provides an agenda and background information for an energy efficiency policy development working session in the SEMED/Arab region. It summarizes current energy use trends, including growing demand for transport and worsening energy intensity. Barriers to energy efficiency are discussed, such as subsidies and lack of awareness. A range of policy options are presented to address barriers, including standards, labeling, financing programs, and institutional frameworks. Participants will discuss opportunities and policies for industry, buildings, transport and cross-sectoral areas in breakout groups. The document provides sector-specific insights and lists of efficiency measures to guide discussions.
Energy is a priority for the European Union. Advanced materials, which are key for developing low-carbon energy technologies, currently comprise about 5% of materials used in technologies like wind turbines, solar panels, and batteries. The Europe-based advanced materials industry is estimated at €30 billion annually and over 100,000 direct jobs. With policies that drive innovation, manufacturing, and market development of low-carbon energy technologies, this industry could grow to €40 billion annually and 65,000 direct jobs by 2025. However, Europe risks losing leadership in advanced materials and the manufacturing of clean energy technologies to global competition if it does not seize the opportunity and establish an innovation pillar to bridge the gap between research and market adoption.
The document summarizes key aspects of EU energy policy and renewable energy development trends:
1) The EU has a number of interconnected energy policies aimed at increasing competitiveness, renewable energy use, energy efficiency, and reducing emissions.
2) The EU's 20-20-20 targets of 20% reductions in emissions, 20% renewable energy use, and 20% energy efficiency improvements by 2020 are driving a transition to low-carbon energy solutions.
3) The EU Renewables Directive sets national renewable energy targets and requirements to promote the development of renewable energy.
Environmental issues of high voltage transmission lines in urban and rural areasPower System Operation
The issue of how new high voltage overhead lines
(OHLs) are routed, and how closely they come to
existing homes or built development, are concerns
not only for communities and citizens but also for
electricity utilities themselves. A similar issue is how
new OHL proposals are treated in or near to precious
landscapes and natural areas. A related issue is how
new homes or other built developments are planned
or sited near to existing OHLs.
This document summarizes a paper about renewable energy law and policy in Thailand. It discusses Thailand's initiatives to increase renewable energy, including a feed-in tariff program. However, the renewable energy approval and administrative process has become more complex over time as it involves multiple government agencies. This has made the process longer, more bureaucratic, and less transparent. The document calls for reforms to streamline the process while still maintaining environmental standards, in order to more efficiently encourage renewable energy development.
- The document summarizes EUROCHAMBRES' position on the EU's 2006 Green Paper on energy policy.
- It supports completing the EU's internal energy market and increasing interconnection capacities between countries to improve competitiveness and security of energy supplies.
- It stresses the importance of including small and medium-sized enterprises in the policy process and providing incentives and support to improve their energy efficiency.
The document summarizes the conclusions of the 7th European Economic Congress held in April 2015 in Katowice, Poland. The congress focused on how Europe can boost investments, innovations, and energy to strengthen economic growth. Key points discussed included the need to reduce regulatory barriers and attract more private investment to fuel growth; increase innovation through tax incentives and research support; seek opportunities in new markets like Africa and Asia; and integrate energy and environmental policies to increase security while achieving climate goals. The European Fund for Strategic Investments aims to leverage €315 billion for strategic projects through 2021. However, participants expressed skepticism about current project proposals and stressed the need for higher quality projects and reforms to improve the regulatory environment for long-term investments and growth
The document is a statement from E.ON AG responding to the European Commission's Green Paper on a European Strategy for Sustainable, Competitive and Secure Energy. E.ON welcomes many of the Green Paper's goals but expresses concerns that some proposals contradict the principle of open and competitive energy markets. Specifically, E.ON is worried that targets for renewable energy and energy mixes could distort investments. E.ON calls for removing barriers to integrated energy markets in Europe and for allowing market forces rather than political mandates to drive investment and innovation.
The document is a response from IFIEC Europe to the European Commission's Green Paper on energy policy. It makes several key points:
1) IFIEC Europe represents major industrial energy consumers in 15 EU countries and energy costs significantly impact their competitiveness.
2) The energy market still faces issues like a lack of effective competition, insufficient infrastructure, and barriers that drive up costs for industrial consumers.
3) IFIEC Europe supports the Commission's goals of an integrated EU energy market but more must be done to address dominance by national players, increase cross-border infrastructure, and define clear rules for transmission system operators.
The document is a position paper from the American Chamber of Commerce to the European Union responding to the EU's Green Paper on energy policy. It summarizes the organization's views on key areas of the Green Paper, including: support for completing the EU's internal energy market; ensuring secure, competitive energy supplies for industry; promoting energy efficiency; tackling climate change through international cooperation; and diversifying the EU's energy mix through a stable regulatory framework. The position paper provides detailed comments on policies regarding gas, electricity, energy security, and a sustainable energy mix.
The document is a response from EURELECTRIC, an association representing the electricity industry in Europe, to the European Commission's Green Paper on a strategy for sustainable, competitive and secure energy. EURELECTRIC welcomes many aspects of the Green Paper, including its support for balancing energy policy objectives and cost-effective policy options. However, the response also notes that the Green Paper could provide more clarity on resolving conflicts between policies and a long-term vision with stable regulation is needed to encourage investment in Europe's energy sector.
From Ugly Duckling to Superstar: how energy efficiency (almost) got to the to...FTI Consulting FR
Energy efficiency has long been promoted at European level. The European Commission has certainly made great efforts to support it and to ensure that energy savings can contribute to the EU’s energy priorities, namely reduction of carbon emissions, lowering of energy costs and increase of energy independence. The EU has introduced energy efficiency targets, created a regulatory framework to support energy efficiency and the uptake of energy efficient products and provided significant funding. However, so far energy efficiency has not lived up to its expectations, which is disappointing considering the huge amount of resources spent to promote it.
In this Energy Flash we look why the EU’s policies have so far have not had the desired effect, what is being done to change this and which sectors are best placed to benefit from the renewed efforts.
This document summarizes Gas Infrastructure Europe's (GIE) response to the European Commission's Green Paper on energy policy. GIE supports the Commission's goals of completing the internal gas market and ensuring security of supply. However, it identifies investment as the key priority, as insufficient investment will prevent a fully functioning single market. GIE conducted a survey that found regulatory/access regimes to be the most important yet least satisfying factor for infrastructure investment viability. To address this, GIE proposes an action plan to improve the investment climate in consultation with stakeholders.
This document provides the opinion of the Finnish Energy Industries on the European Commission's Green Paper on a European strategy for sustainable, competitive and secure energy. Some key points made in the document include:
- The Finnish Energy Industries welcomes the Commission's initiative to launch a broad debate on European energy policy and strategy.
- Developing a coherent European energy policy is important but should not replace national energy policies. Countries should still decide their own energy mixes.
- Completing the internal energy market is important but the focus should also be on meeting growing energy demand and replacing aging infrastructure while ensuring an optimal diversified energy mix.
- All energy sources, including nuclear, should have equal access to ensure secure and affordable
This document summarizes the response from the Association of Electricity Producers (AEP) to the EU's Green Paper on energy policy. Some key points:
- AEP welcomes efforts for a more consistent EU energy policy but believes the focus should also include competitiveness and sustainability, not just security of supply.
- Full implementation of the existing energy market liberalization package is crucial, including ensuring non-discriminatory network access and removing barriers to cross-border trade.
- AEP does not see the need for a European energy regulator at this stage. Instead, greater cooperation between national regulators is needed.
- New interconnectors or gas storage should be built on a commercial basis, not
The document discusses the UK chemical industry's views on the European Commission's Green Paper on energy strategy. It supports the key goals in the paper, including: (1) completing the EU's internal gas and electricity markets to increase competition; (2) ensuring security of energy supply and solidarity between member states; and (3) developing a strategic energy technology plan to promote low-carbon technologies. However, it also expresses concerns about rising energy costs and the need to balance climate policy with maintaining industrial competitiveness.
The document is COGEN Europe's response to the European Commission's Green Paper on energy policy. It supports the Green Paper's goal of establishing a sustainable and secure energy future for Europe. COGEN Europe argues that Europe should prioritize energy efficiency, cogeneration, and renewables. Specifically, it proposes that all new power investments be located on existing heat loads to facilitate cogeneration. COGEN Europe believes this integrated approach focusing on efficiency and decentralization will provide Europe with the cheapest and most sustainable energy system.
1) APG shares the Green Paper's view that Europe faces risks in energy supply and coordinated policy is needed. As a transmission system operator, APG focuses on issues related to grids and markets.
2) Proper transposition of EU laws is crucial, particularly guidelines for cross-border electricity trade, to support the internal market. Incorrect implementation could hinder the market.
3) APG discusses topics relevant to grids and markets, including the need for harmonization in areas like capacity allocation but opposing further EU regulation of technical grid codes. Data availability and exchange between TSOs requires resolving national data laws.
4) While interconnectors are key to markets, an EU interconnection plan alone cannot
The Cost of NonEurope in the Sharing Economy: Economic, Social and Legal Challenges and Opportunities
European Parliament Research Service
This 'Cost of Non-Europe' study examines the current economic, social and legal state of play
regarding the sharing economy in the European Union, and identifies the cost of the lack of
further European action in this field.
The assessment of existing EU and national legislation confirms that there are still significant
implementation gaps and areas of poor economic performance. The subsequent examination of
areas where it was believed that an economic potential exists highlighted that substantial
barriers remain, hindering the achievement of the goals set out in the existing legislation.
Moreover, some issues are not or are insufficiently addressed (e.g. status of workers employed
by sharing economy service providers). Consequently, more European action would be
necessary to achieve the full economic potential of the sharing economy. In doing so, policymakers
should seek to ensure an adequate balance between creative freedom for business and
the necessary regulatory protection.
This research estimates the potential economic gain linked with a better use of capacities
(otherwise under-used) as a result of the sharing economy is €572 billion in annual
consumption across the EU-28. This figure should nevertheless be considered with caution;
substantial barriers prevent the full benefits from being realised, and could reduce the value of
potential increased use to up to €18 billion in the shorter-term and up to €134 billion in the
medium and longer term, depending on the scale of regulatory obstacles.
EESC Position paper on the 2030 framework for climate and energy policiesNuno Quental
The document summarizes key opinions from the European Economic and Social Committee on the European Union's 2030 climate and energy policy framework. It calls for setting binding national renewable energy targets to help achieve the EU-wide targets of reducing greenhouse gas emissions by 40% and producing 27% of energy from renewable sources by 2030. It also recommends defining sector-specific energy efficiency targets and establishing a European Energy Community and governance system to coordinate energy policies across member states through a transparent stakeholder dialogue process. This would help deliver the targets of the 2030 framework at lowest cost while ensuring civil society involvement and support for the large-scale energy transition needed.
This document contains the response from COTREL and CAPIEL HV (high voltage section) to the European Commission's public consultation on a European strategy for sustainable, competitive and secure energy.
COTREL and CAPIEL HV represent transformer and electrical switchgear manufacturers in Europe. They believe that a genuine EU internal energy market, unbundling of network operations, and minimum EU standards for infrastructure investment are needed to ensure competitiveness and security of energy supply. They also argue that funding research into new technologies can help achieve reasonable energy prices and maintain employment levels in Europe. Diversifying energy sources and keeping Europe at the forefront of energy technologies can help balance climate, competitiveness and security objectives.
1) The document discusses the European Commission's Green Paper on Energy Policy. It argues that completing the internal EU electricity and gas markets should remain the top priority for EU energy policy.
2) It states that national policies that promote national security, competitiveness, or environmental goals could undermine the EU single markets if they are incompatible. Truly competitive EU electricity and gas markets would lower prices and improve security of supply.
3) The document advocates for reforms to encourage more competition in the energy market, such as strengthening rules around unbundling transmission from other energy activities, and allowing secondary markets for transmission capacity rights. This would help ensure adequate investment in energy infrastructure and generation capacity.
Paper_InterestGroupsEnergyLobbies_04:2015Edoardo Costa
The document discusses the climate and energy debate at the EU level and the interest groups involved. It provides an overview of 38 interest groups identified from the EU transparency register that are active on renewable energy issues, including 17 associations, 10 companies/groups, and 7 NGOs. It then analyzes the positions and strategies of EWEA, the European Wind Energy Association, and EURELECTRIC, a conventional energy association. While EWEA lobbies for renewable energy targets, EURELECTRIC likely opposes them given its representation of fossil fuel interests. The strategies of these two groups are examined in light of literature on how business associations advocate for their specific interests.
2016-05-03_European Energy Saving Guide 2016_finalRalf Pasker
- The document discusses the need for Europe to take more responsibility and action to increase energy efficiency in buildings through renovation programs. It notes that 40% of energy in Europe is used by buildings, and a large portion is imported from unstable regions.
- Research shows the significant potential economic benefits of a focused renovation drive for the European economy, especially in southern Europe which still suffers from the euro crisis. The "InnovationCity" project in Germany achieved a 4% annual renovation rate within years.
- Individual building owners undertaking energy renovations alone will not be enough; governments must view increasing energy efficiency as a societal challenge rather than the responsibility of individuals. The economic benefits of renovation programs accrue both
This document provides the European Fertilizer Industry's response to the European Commission's Green Paper on energy. It advocates for establishing a truly competitive European single energy market through a fully integrated, transparent gas market. It stresses the need for fair market conditions, an international level playing field, and actions to address constraints on external gas supplies. Specific priorities discussed include facilitating new infrastructure and supply sources, diversifying gas sources, establishing a competitive internal market, and defending energy-intensive industries from unfair pricing practices.
The document is ExxonMobil's response to the European Commission's Green Paper on energy strategy. It summarizes ExxonMobil's global energy outlook for the next 25 years and provides comments on 6 priority areas in the Commission's paper. The summary highlights that energy demand will continue growing in Europe, oil and gas will remain primary energy sources, and meeting future needs will require large investments and a diversity of energy sources and suppliers. ExxonMobil supports open, competitive energy markets, stable regulation to attract investment, and the key role of gas in Europe's energy future.
The document is the UK's supplementary response to the EU's Green Paper on energy policy. It discusses several key points:
1) It reaffirms the UK's commitment to competitive energy markets to deliver secure, affordable energy and reduce carbon emissions. An effective EU Emissions Trading Scheme is important for incentivizing energy efficiency and low-carbon investments.
2) It calls for ambitious EU action on energy efficiency, including more stringent product standards. It also supports continued negotiations on vehicle emission targets.
3) It emphasizes the need to strengthen the EU's leadership on sustainable energy, including finalizing the Renewables Roadmap and improving the EU ETS for post-2012. It also supports including aviation and potentially
The European and External Relations Committee of the Scottish Parliament conducted an inquiry into energy efficiency measures in response to the European Commission's Green Paper on energy policy. The Committee identified several key themes through evidence gathered. It found that integrating energy efficiency into new building design is most effective, and new Scottish standards appear close to Finnish levels. Retrofitting existing buildings is more challenging, particularly for tenement structures. Barriers to greater efficiency include costs and a lack of incentives for developers or tenants to invest. The Committee considers the EU has an important role in setting energy efficiency standards.
This document provides the UK government's response to the EU's Green Paper on energy policy. It welcomes the framework provided by the Green Paper to discuss European energy policy. The UK recognizes the need for a new, cooperative approach to energy at the EU level to address challenges like climate change and increasing energy imports. However, it also believes that the energy mix should not be determined centrally at the EU level. The UK supports further liberalization of the EU's energy markets and increased cooperation on issues like renewable energy and energy efficiency. It agrees an annual strategic energy review could help the EU develop its long-term energy policy.
This document outlines the Scottish National Party's response to the European Commission's Green Paper on a European strategy for sustainable, competitive and secure energy. It discusses Scotland's significant energy resources and potential, particularly for renewable energy. It expresses the SNP's vision for Scotland's energy future, including becoming a leader in renewable and clean energy technologies. The document also provides the SNP's views on key themes in the Commission's Green Paper, including competitiveness, security of supply, energy mix diversification, and sustainable development.
This document summarizes a report by the House of Lords European Union Committee on the European Commission's Green Paper, "A European Strategy for Sustainable, Competitive and Secure Energy." The report considers whether the Commission has correctly identified the key objectives of energy policy in the EU and the priority areas for action. It evaluates what policies are best enacted at the EU level versus member state level. It recommends that the Commission provide more justification for moving towards a single EU energy policy and recognize that markets are best placed to deliver objectives efficiently. The report stresses the need for policy sensitivity to national/regional differences and a stable, long-term framework to encourage innovation.
The document discusses renewable energy development in the Highlands and Islands region of Scotland. It notes that the region has significant renewable energy resources, including wind, wave, tidal and biomass. Highlands and Islands Enterprise (HIE) supports developing these resources to create jobs and economic opportunities for the region. HIE has invested in manufacturing, testing facilities and community-owned renewable projects. The document responds to questions in the EU Green Paper, emphasizing the importance of developing renewable energy and completing the internal energy market while protecting remote communities.
1. The British Psychological Society provided comments on the EU Green Paper on sustainable energy. It notes that behavioral changes by consumers and producers are essential to achieving carbon reduction goals, in addition to technological developments. Psychological research can help policymakers understand how to influence energy behaviors.
2. The document expresses concern that the Green Paper places little attention on controlling and reducing energy demand. A strategy for sustainable energy consumption across Europe is needed to balance the current focus on supply.
3. For a sustainable energy policy, equal priority should be given to carbon emissions as to economic costs when evaluating policy options. This would encourage consideration of alternative energy sources beyond current emphases on economic growth and energy prices.
This document proposes creating a Middle East Energy Community (MEEC) based on the European model of economic integration. The MEEC would initially focus on jointly managing oil and gas production/transportation to improve regional stability, resolve disputes over resource ownership, and encourage investment/trade. It would establish a new regional entity and legal framework to oversee the energy sector while respecting states' sovereignty. The goals are to reduce dependence on oil revenues, encourage political reform, and enable peaceful development in the region. The MEEC could eventually integrate other industries and partner with the EU, US, and other interested parties to further promote regional stability and prosperity.
This document is a submission by Royal Dutch Shell to the EU's Green Paper on energy policy. It summarizes Shell's operations in Europe and views itself as a long-term partner in both upstream and downstream operations. The submission provides comments on six priority areas defined in the Green Paper: 1) Shell supports free and competitive energy markets that encourage investment; 2) Shell supports the establishment of an integrated European gas market but believes the existing Gas Directive is sufficient; and 3) Shell believes energy security is best achieved through a diversity of supply sources and maintains the current EU/IEA framework on oil stocks is effective.
- ScottishPower is an international energy company operating in the UK, Ireland, US and Canada. They welcome the EU's Green Paper on energy policy.
- They support the EU's emphasis on open energy markets, cost-effective policies, and impact assessments of major proposals. They agree debate is needed on the role of EU institutions in meeting energy and climate goals.
- Their response provides detailed comments on the EU's six priority areas for energy policy, including support for liberalized energy markets, concerns about new proposed institutions, and the importance of the Emissions Trading Scheme in addressing climate change.
This document contains submissions from several Scottish organizations in response to the European Commission's 2006 Green Paper on a strategy for sustainable, competitive and secure energy. The Scottish Natural Heritage submission emphasizes that EU policy should allow flexibility for individual member states to decide on issues like nuclear energy based on their own circumstances. It also argues the strategy should place more emphasis on renewable sources for heating buildings and on distributed generation. The submission further states the strategy should encourage reducing energy demand and non-essential air travel in addition to pursuing energy efficiency.
National Grid provides a response to the European Commission's Green Paper on energy strategy. They support completing the internal energy market through rigorous enforcement of existing legislation. Non-discriminatory access to energy networks is vital. Significant investment is needed to replace aging infrastructure and adapt to changes in energy sources and flows. Flexible funding mechanisms like long-term contracts and exemptions are important to support needed investments. Compatibility and cooperation between national energy systems is more important than full harmonization.
The Energy Networks Association (ENA) supports establishing a coherent EU energy policy with a strategic approach and market framework. However, the ENA questions some Green Paper proposals including a European Centre for Energy Networks and Regulator, a European Grid Code, and a Priority Interconnection Plan. The ENA believes the key priority is completing integrated EU gas and electricity markets by fully implementing 2003 directives. While cooperation between regulators and network operators needs improving, new EU bureaucracy should be avoided. Investment is also needed to replace aging infrastructure across Europe.
The document summarizes Centrica's position on the European Commission's Green Paper on energy policy. Some key points:
- Centrica supports the Commission's objectives of energy security, competitiveness, and sustainability, and believes open energy markets are needed to achieve these goals.
- The EU should ensure an effective internal energy market and set a common climate policy framework, while member states retain control over fuel mix and energy infrastructure investment.
- Full implementation of gas and electricity directives is a priority to complete the internal energy market. More transparency is also needed in gas and electricity network information in Europe.
BG Group, an international natural gas company, supports the creation of a single European gas market to improve energy security. However, each member state should retain autonomy over its energy mix. BG Group believes that liberalizing the gas market through measures like ownership unbundling of pipelines from suppliers, effective third-party access to pipelines and storage facilities, and consistent regulation across member states would help create an open European gas market. While identifying important infrastructure projects, the European Commission should recognize that private investors will ultimately decide which projects proceed based on viability.
The document is a response from the Sussex Energy Group to the EU's Green Paper on energy strategy. It discusses some of the tensions between pursuing sustainability, competitiveness, and security of supply as goals of energy policy. Specifically, it notes that sustainability and competitiveness may conflict if competitiveness is defined solely as low energy prices. It also argues that some government interventions to improve security of supply could conflict with competition objectives. However, sustainability and security may be mutually supportive if developing EU renewable resources reduces import dependence. Overall the response aims to provide a more nuanced perspective on balancing and potentially reconciling the different policy objectives.
The document discusses EU-Ukraine energy relations and makes several recommendations. It notes that EU-Ukraine energy cooperation is important for achieving the goals of the EU Green Paper on energy security and efficiency. It recommends that the EU develop a common external energy policy to strengthen its position with partners like Russia. It also recommends diversifying energy sources and routes, with Ukraine playing a role in new pipelines from the Caspian Sea. The document argues that integrating Ukraine into the European energy market would benefit both sides through increased security, emergency response capabilities, and trade opportunities.
1. EU Green Paper: A European Strategy for Sustainable,
Competitive and Secure Energy
COM (2006) 105 final 8 March 2006
EPSU POSITION
Draft
Introduction
The European Commission published a Green Paper, A European Strategy for Sustainable,
Competitive and Secure Energy (8 March 2006)
The European Federation of Public Service Unions (EPSU) welcomes the opportunity to
comment on the Green paper. The consultation has limited value when the Council
already expresses itself and endorses key provisions. 1
Our members understand the importance of security of energy supply and sustainability and
the need for clean, carbon-free energy technologies for the whole of the EU economy.
Our members are less convinced by the enthusiasm for a competitive, liberalised EU energy
market, experience of which so far shows an adverse effect on employment, as well as on
prices and security. EPSU promotes the development of a Europe for Citizens, based on
solidarity, equality and sustainable social, economic and environmental development.
We support a European Strategy for Security of Energy that encompasses all these
elements.
EPSU welcomes the discussion on a European Energy Policy. Member States should
consider what additional competencies the EU might need for it to play a role in forums such
as G8, IEA (International Energy Agency), OPEC etc. Such a discussion should also define
what the competencies of the EU are and what those of the Member States. These are
related to deciding on the fuel mix, the organisation of the energy provision and services, and
network access issues. A key issue is whether effective democratic control can be
exercised allowing citizens to influence decisions.
The complete lack of a social dimension is disappointing. The Green paper does not
reflect on how energy policy can assist in maximising employment creation. It does not
consider which rights trade unions and workers’ representatives need to press for energy
efficiency at the work place.There is ignorance of quality and skill issues. The Strategic
Energy Review should include a social dimension.
EPSU is disappointed that the Green Paper fails to recognise the provision of
electricity and gas as key public services.
The results of the debate should be widely publicised and where there is deep
opposition to proposals in the Green Paper the Commission must be prepared to
review its position. One such area that need critical review is the Internal Market for
Electricity and Gas. It is not be the corner stone of a coherent policy that puts solidarity,
1
Experience with the previous consultation was not positive. Many contributions were not taken into
account. http://www.epsu.org/IMG/doc/EUgreen.doc for EPSU’s position on the 2000 Green paper.
2. EPSU Standing Committee on Public Utilities
27 September 2006
AGENDA ITEM 7.6
EU Green Paper: A European Strategy for Sustainable,
Competitive and Secure Energy
COM (2006) 105 final 8 March 2006
EPSU POSITION - Draft
2
democratic control, equality and sustainable social, economic and environmental
development first.
Internal market
EPSU does not agree with the hypothesis of the Green Paper that the internal market
for electricity and gas will deliver affordable, secure and sustainable energy supplies and
help the EU to meet its obligations under the Kyoto Treaty. In fact the EU and the rest of the
world need to go much further than the Kyoto targets if climate chaos is to be averted. It is a
paper grounded more in hope than reality, heavily dependent on a degree of coordination
and cooperation across the EU which conflicts with the very nature of a competitive market.
EPSU questions the basic assumption that security and sustainability can only be
achieved within what is referred to as a truly competitive market which, incidentally, the
Green Paper fails to define. The Commission has missed an opportunity to address the
internal market for electricity and gas critically.
The European Commission remains silent regarding the predictable2
result of liberalisation -
further concentration. Mergers and acquisitions are not dealt with. Answers we suggest to
the power of the large corporations are:
• Work place democracy and improved information and consultation rights
• External democracy, transparency and openness
• Regulation and public control to prevent excesses. Involvement of stakeholders.
EPSU has elsewhere documented that the liberalised market for electricity and gas is not
delivering the expected benefits. It is now widely recognised for being a failure. We will not
repeat all the problems here and refer to a series of papers Professor Steve Thomas
(PSIRU, University of Greenwich) has written. 3
The record of the internal market is not
good, particularly where investment decisions are made.
The lack of investment in networks but especially in generation is reported from across
Europe. And is logical. Again we will not repeat the argumentation here and we refer to
studies available at www.epsu.org/a/1465 More important to note here is that there is a lack
in investment in skilled staff which has been documented by the European social partners
in the European electricity industry and which is recognised also by the UK government and
in the energy statement of the recent G8 (St. Petersburg, July 2006)
The European Commission underlines the need for investment in networks and in
generation. But the Commission fails to recognise that price signals will not be
forthcoming in time and hence no timely new capacity. There is a serious problem for
security of supply. There is also a serious credibility problem as citizens were
promised lower prices and are now told higher prices are needed.
2
For EPSU’s predictions see New Era or Dark Age, February 1999 http://www.epsu.org/a/1844 And
see also the EPSU contribution to the Progress report internal market 2000 http://www.epsu.org/a/118
3
Papers on the evaluation of the internal market, employment developments and prices are available
on: www.epsu.org/a/1465
3. EPSU Standing Committee on Public Utilities
27 September 2006
AGENDA ITEM 7.6
EU Green Paper: A European Strategy for Sustainable,
Competitive and Secure Energy
COM (2006) 105 final 8 March 2006
EPSU POSITION - Draft
3
No new measures – no ownership unbundling – no one size fits all approach
EPSU has argued (in its position on the internal market, November 2005) that before
any new measures are taken, the current Directives should be implemented. We see
no need for further going measures, which presumably should be ownership
unbundling. Ownership unbundling will impact directly on the structure of the energy
sector and which is the outcome of historic developments. A one-size fits all approach
should not apply. We expect that ownership unbundling including in distribution will
negatively impact on especially municipal companies and lead to further
concentration. Regulators have shown themselves to be capable of ensuring no abuse
is made.
Opt-out and tests
EPSU argues for opt-outs that allow governments to take measures to address a failing
internal market. Any new measures should go through a number of tests before being
implemented. These tests are in the annex.
EPSU questions the internal market for gas and electricity as it has a negative impact
on security of supply and sustainable development. The internal market will not
stimulate investment or at the wrong time and in the wrong technologies.
Internal market is not an export product
EPSU believes it is unrealistic to expect 25 countries to simultaneously see that their best
interests lie in a strategy, which will weaken their control over domestic energy policy and a
key public service. EPSU believes there is sufficient evidence to show that the market is
unable to cope with instability and volatility.. EPSU rejects the proposal of the
Commission and the Council that the internal market should become an export
product and extended into the EU neighborhood countries. You do not export a failing
product.
European Regulator only with defined tasks and under democratic control
The European Commission proposes the establishment of a European Energy Regulator.
EPSU recognises the need for more coordination in an internal market with cross border
trade in electricity and gas. EPSU does currently not support such a regulator as its
tasks are not set out and democratic control is not even foreseen. If this regulator
comes about the European Parliament should control and define its mandate. Its day
to day work should be overseen by a Board which includes representatives of social
partners, social and environmental groups and municipalities.
A key task of the regulator should be to monitor quality. A first and direct step is to make
the existing electricity and gas regulators more transparent. Advisory boards including the
social partners and other social groups should be established at national and
European level. The mandate of the regulators should include monitoring the shift to a
low carbon economy, employment and quality of staff and welfare of citizens
4. EPSU Standing Committee on Public Utilities
27 September 2006
AGENDA ITEM 7.6
EU Green Paper: A European Strategy for Sustainable,
Competitive and Secure Energy
COM (2006) 105 final 8 March 2006
EPSU POSITION - Draft
4
Trans-European networks – each country to have sufficient generation capacity
The European Commission also proposes a plan for more Trans-European networks.
EPSU is sceptical of increasing cross border capacities for the sole and ideological purpose
of building a market. These networks have costs for the environment and for users, and the
risks are high that the costs are socialised while the benefits accrue to few. EPSU supports
that each country has sufficient generation capacity including the appropriate reserve
margin.
EPSU does support cooperation between the Member States when there are supply
problems or in the case of infra-structure damage such as with floods or storms.
Regulators have a task to define the norms for the availability of responses (including
materials and workers) in case of “ acts of God” or natural disasters.
European Energy Supply Observatory – a role in monitoring public service
obligations ?
The Commission proposes a European Energy Supply Observatory. EPSU is positive
about such an Energy Observatory or Agency. Its key mandate should be contributing
to security of supply and sustainable development. The Observatory could play a role
in monitoring the public service obligations and fuel poverty, especially in the
absence of an European Observatory on Services of General interest. If such an
Energy Observatory came about, and one of its tasks is long-term monitoring, it has to
include as a task the employment development in the sectors predicting what jobs are
needed and where problems of skill shortage will arise. The Board of the Observatory
and possible Advisory Councils should have representatives of the European social
partners on them.
European Centre for Energy Networks – improving reliability
EPSU is positive towards a European Centre for Energy Networks which focuses on
improving reliability as will the network code proposed by the Commission. We have
argued for improved reliability standards especially in the light of the internal market.
If Member States should become more dependent on each other, reliability standards
have to be redefined and improved.
The European Parliament should play a key role in defining the tasks and monitoring
these of all these different new institutions.
Climate Friendly Diversification of the energy mix
One way to promote climate-friendly diversification of energy supplies is, as the Green Paper
suggests, to aim for a minimum level of the overall EU energy mix originating from secure
and lower carbon energy sources. EPSU believes that this should be a firm statutory
target.
The Green Paper sets out the problem of increased demand, short supply and higher fuel
and raw material prices. However, it appears to have no clear strategy to deal with the
impact of this on households and industry, other than to place its faith in the market to deliver
stability and sustainability.
5. EPSU Standing Committee on Public Utilities
27 September 2006
AGENDA ITEM 7.6
EU Green Paper: A European Strategy for Sustainable,
Competitive and Secure Energy
COM (2006) 105 final 8 March 2006
EPSU POSITION - Draft
5
Massive public investment –innovation and new technologies
EPSU urges the Commission to support a key role for public investment in carbon-
free, energy efficient technologies. EPSU believes that substantial public investment
is needed to develop on a commercial scale those technologies currently less cost-
effective, such as wind, wave, and tidal power. Priority is to be given to investment in
energy efficiency.
The EU should lead the way in the development of these technologies on a global
scale, supported by a new EU-wide social partnership on energy policy and climate
change, involving employers and trade unions. This must take precedence over the
creation of an EU-wide single market. The internal market has actually an negative
impact on the resources companies make available for R&D
Strategic Energy Review:
• Include a social dimension;
• Fuel mix is a Member State Issue.
EPSU supports the Green Paper's claim that a Strategic EU Energy Review would offer
a clear European framework for national decisions on the energy mix. Decisions on
who will decide on which fuel to use will remain at national level. Direct democratic control
is needed. EPSU opposes structures which will disempower local communities.
We are not in a position to discard the use of fossil fuels in electricity generation. Coal is a
major fuel source and the technology exists to improve its efficient use and to reduce the
carbon emissions of coal-burning power stations.
EPSU agrees that coal and lignite are part of the EU fuel mix and that its further
development will dependent on ensuring emissions from coal fired power stations
decrease drastically and respecting the most advanced technologies available. New
technologies will need subsidies and a determined public policy. We can not make the
development of coal-fired power dependent on the development of technologies that
do not yet exist.
The Green Paper does not mention combined heat power generation, Cogeneration is
important to make the use of coal more efficient and hence less impacting on the
environment and climate change. The Commission should stress CHP 4
.
A review should include a transparent and objective debate on the future role of
nuclear power. For many countries in the EU nuclear power will be an important part
of their energy mix. EPSU has reservations about nuclear power related to concerns
over nuclear waste and safety. EPSU argues for better protection of workers, strict rules
for security and waste treatment and rigorous monitoring mechanisms. We have also drawn
attention to the fact that phasing-out can cause skill problems. We need qualified nuclear
engineers also when dealing with nuclear waste and decommissioning. 5
4
http://www.epsu.org/a/82 EPSU position on Combined Heat Power
5
http://www.epsu.org/a/383 EPSU position on the EU’s nuclear safety package
6. EPSU Standing Committee on Public Utilities
27 September 2006
AGENDA ITEM 7.6
EU Green Paper: A European Strategy for Sustainable,
Competitive and Secure Energy
COM (2006) 105 final 8 March 2006
EPSU POSITION - Draft
6
The review must be able to demonstrate how liberalised markets meet the different
requirements. EPSU's view that investment in energy efficiency, carbon capture and
storage and renewables should be prioritised The European Commission should also
include a social dimension into the Strategic Energy Review. The Strategic Energy
Review should also address how different developments impact on:
• Employment in the energy sectors as well as larger economy
o The European Commission should promote those policies that maximise jobs and
contribute to sustainable development for example renewables, CHP but also
urban renewal
• Qualification and Skill developments
• Equality
• Poverty levels and social inclusion.
The Strategic Energy Review is to acknowledge that there is an equality perspective to its
proposals and state clearly the implications for different groups, such as the elderly, the
poor, and women. If prices increase more households will face fuel poverty situations,
being unable to pay their bills and heat their homes. Elderly women are particularly
vulnerable. The Commission should therefore prepare a thorough overview of the
implications , followed by a Communication setting out the transitional measures
required to protect vulnerable citizens.
The Strategic Energy Review should assist us in making informed choices that maximise
employment creation and which bring Europe on a path towards sustainable development.
Solidarity – preventing energy supply crises
EPSU believes that additional physical capacity is needed to help prevent energy
supply crises developing, and not as a necessary condition for the creation of a
competitive market. It is for this reason that we would like to see greater
interconnection in the European electricity grid, as well as in the gas network. We do
not support inter-connection for the sole purpose of building a competitive market as
argued above.
EPSU would like to see further expansion of local power generation. EPSU believes that
dependency of the EU on supplies is a more expensive and ultimately wasteful policy than
the adoption of measures that reduce demand. All this will require substantial investment,
with a strong regulatory framework to ensure that fair rules operate and that public goals are
realised.
EPSU believes that an adequate supply of skilled workers is essential for the EU to
meet its energy supply obligations. The Commission should therefore address the
growing shortage of skills in member states.
If an EU regulator would materialise based on democratic control and involvement of social
partners and other stakeholders, a key role should be to ensur that companies invest in staff
training and development and in energy research and development.. It is crucial that the EU
has a clear strategy to develop the employment, training and economic opportunities of the
7. EPSU Standing Committee on Public Utilities
27 September 2006
AGENDA ITEM 7.6
EU Green Paper: A European Strategy for Sustainable,
Competitive and Secure Energy
COM (2006) 105 final 8 March 2006
EPSU POSITION - Draft
7
shift to a low carbon economy. The regulator monitors progress towards a low carbon EU
economy. The welfare of the EU’s citizens should be a major concern of the regulator, but
s/he also needs to ensure that the EU recognises the importance of human and trade union
rights in its relations with external states.
Sustainable development
EPSU believes that climate change is the greatest threat facing the planet. Urgent measures
are needed to avert chaos. We are concerned that the Green Paper appears to give equal
weight, or balance, to the objectives of environmental protection, competitiveness and
security of supply .EPSU believes therefore that the EU should prioritise the measures
needed to directly address climate change, rather than exhort the development of a
competitive energy market. As argued before, the internal market will not provide the stable
investment climate needed for long-term solutions and new technologies.
EPSU believes that reducing energy demand is the key instrument in tackling climate
change. Therefore the EU needs to adopt absolute demand reduction targets and to set
targets for specific sectors of the economy including the domestic sector, electricity
generation and transport. The European Commission should examine the impact of such
targets on the different industries and what this will imply for employment..
EPSU welcomes the proposed Action Plan for Energy Efficiency. The target of reducing
energy (=fuel) use with 20% by 2020 is appropriate, but the possibility of more ambitious
targets and what the (employment and social) implications will be for different industries and
services should be explored. The Action Plan should consider its gender dimension
The Commission needs to take action to ensure that the Emissions Trading Scheme
operates effectively. The solution is to incentivise companies to achieve savings, not to
encourage further pollution. Extending the scheme to other sectors should be rapidly
undertaken (transport and domestic…) Other green house gasses should be considered.
Emission Trading Schemes should be accompanied with employment plans. 6
EPSU believes that consideration should be given to the creation of an EU Clean
Energy Investment Fund. Countries that lack sufficient capital and are consequently
making slow progress in adopting these technologies could be eligible for financial support
through the fund. EPSU welcomes the announcement of the European Commission to
support the development of CO2 sequestration and – storage technologies.
EPSU believes however that the most effective way to prevent the worst effects of
climate change is to produce a fundamental change in our lifestyle. A good start could
be made by using more fuel efficient and lower CO2 emitting vehicles. We need to place all
of this within a broader context of redesigned, liveable, sustainable cities and towns, with
better employment, leisure and shopping opportunities. This will improve the quality of life for
all.
6
http://www.epsu.org/a/90 EPSU position on the Emission Trading Scheme and the Employment
Proposals.
8. EPSU Standing Committee on Public Utilities
27 September 2006
AGENDA ITEM 7.6
EU Green Paper: A European Strategy for Sustainable,
Competitive and Secure Energy
COM (2006) 105 final 8 March 2006
EPSU POSITION - Draft
8
External Policy
An aspect of the EU’s dependence on external supplies is overlooked, and that is how
society and especially vulnerable sectors and groups will be effcted.
Most reserves of oil and gas are located outside of the European Union, with many in
politically unstable and potentially hostile states. We could be in for a long period of high
prices; good for producer nations, but bad for consumers, especially those on low incomes.
Low-income domestic users will be badly affected. Beneficial tariffs and other forms of social
assistance, including for insulation of homes should be planned. These considerations need
to be part of the Strategic Energy Review.
The EU should not support supply contracts with dictatorial regimes, or defend EU
companies who enter into them.
EPSU agrees that the EU Member States should seek to diversify their sources of (fossil)
fuels so as to make the EU less dependent on import and local crises. Building more oil and
gas pipe-lines helps as well as do LNG terminals.7
Common External energy policy made more difficult by internal market
EPSU agrees that the EU should have a common external energy policy to enable it to speak
with a common voice. In fact, the creation of a competitive, single market could actually work
against the interests of the EU seeking to speak with one voice on external energy relations.
It would simply highlight the conflicting interests and objectives of competing energy
companies operating within the enlarged EU.
With developing countries like China and India, as well as those on the African continent,
looking to improve their living standards, competition for finite fuel reserves will intensify. It is
important therefore that relations between the EU and other regions of the world develop in a
positive direction. Dialogue and partnership between the EU and other regions is essential..
There is also a place in these dialogues for trade unions and civil society. So far the
European Commission has involved business but not the trade unions.
EPSU has criticised the SEE Energy Treaty for its lack of democratic control and lack of a
social dimension. To facilitate the dialogues a global sustainable energy pact should be
agreed, with all countries signing up to the adoption of clean and renewable energy
technologies and the promotion of energy efficiency.
EPSU believes strongly that adoption of a global sustainable energy pact should be a
key element in the EU's external policy on energy. At the heart of this should be the
promotion of democracy and human and trade union rights as laid down by the ILO. Good
governance in EU supply countries that respects democracy at the workplace and the role of
social dialogue is also essential for good industrial harmony and to ensure transparency and
counter the threat of corruption.
7
And again note that we have to make choices – investing in LNG terminals to some extend conflicts
with investment in nuclear power or with investment in renewables
9. EPSU Standing Committee on Public Utilities
27 September 2006
AGENDA ITEM 7.6
EU Green Paper: A European Strategy for Sustainable,
Competitive and Secure Energy
COM (2006) 105 final 8 March 2006
EPSU POSITION - Draft
9
EPSU believes that the promotion of clean and renewable technologies worldwide is an
essential element in development aid to regions such as Sub-Saharan Africa, where access
to energy and clean water is severely restricted or wholly absent. Therefore we cannot
accept the Green Paper's proposal that “Reinforced market-based provisions on energy and
trade-related issues would be incorporated in the EU's existing and future agreements with
third countries” EPSU believes that agreements with third countries should be based on open
dialogue and negotiation. The EU should not attach strict conditions to negotiations, thereby
weakening the bargaining position of developing countries.
Conclusion
EPSU supports many of the proposals in the Green Paper to strengthen security of supply
and sustainability. We see the adoption of clean, climate-friendly energy technologies as a
primary goal for the EU and believe that the EU has a duty to promote these beyond its own
borders. EPSU does not support the internal market for electricity and gas as the best and
only way forward. EPSU regrets that the European Commission has not considered how it
can ensure that a European energy policy remains under firm democratic contol. EPSU is
disappointed that the Green Paper fails to acknowledge the social dimension of energy
policy. EPSU urges the Commission to recognise a key role for the social partners and the
adoption of basic social standards in all international agreements.
The promotion of employment and protection of the environment should be key objectives for
the EU. There is scope to expand employment with the adoption of new technologies and
this should be brought out more clearly in the follow up to the Green Paper. This is important,
not only for the EU, but also for developing countries. EPSU believes that quality jobs, good
social standards, and a key role for social partners, should be at the heart of the follow up to
the Green Paper.
CB/PUT 27 Sept/76 green paper/it 76 EN drft position in Green paper