Jiri Horak of CEZ discussed the experiences of market liberalisation in Romania and Czech Republic and how the market should accordingly be opened in Bulgaria
Duane Morris is an international law firm with offices around the world including Vietnam. The presentation discusses Vietnam's energy sector and policies around solar power. Vietnam aims to increase renewable energy to 29% of total capacity by 2030. The government's current policies include ending feed-in tariffs for new solar projects and implementing a competitive bidding process instead. Direct power purchase agreements between generators and customers are also being piloted. The presentation provides recommendations for foreign investors looking to develop solar power projects in Vietnam.
Adrian Palmer gave a presentation on network codes to the Vienna Forum on European Energy Law. He discussed the status of electricity and gas network code development in the EU, noting that only one electricity code has been adopted so far. Palmer also covered key design principles of the network codes and some outstanding issues to address like renewable energy support schemes and forward trading hubs. He concluded that significant progress has been made but continued focus will be needed on code amendments to accommodate new market designs.
Dr. Oliver Koch gave a presentation on energy policy and the internal energy market in the European Union. He discussed two major trends: the increasing Europeanization of energy markets and the rise of intermittent renewable energy sources. This presents challenges for ensuring generation adequacy and avoiding market distortions. Koch argued that pursuing further integration of the EU energy market is essential for security of supply, infrastructure planning, and lowering energy prices through competition. National policies need to be coordinated to avoid problems like loop flows that fragment the single market.
Jiri Horak of CEZ discussed the experiences of market liberalisation in Romania and Czech Republic and how the market should accordingly be opened in Bulgaria
Duane Morris is an international law firm with offices around the world including Vietnam. The presentation discusses Vietnam's energy sector and policies around solar power. Vietnam aims to increase renewable energy to 29% of total capacity by 2030. The government's current policies include ending feed-in tariffs for new solar projects and implementing a competitive bidding process instead. Direct power purchase agreements between generators and customers are also being piloted. The presentation provides recommendations for foreign investors looking to develop solar power projects in Vietnam.
Adrian Palmer gave a presentation on network codes to the Vienna Forum on European Energy Law. He discussed the status of electricity and gas network code development in the EU, noting that only one electricity code has been adopted so far. Palmer also covered key design principles of the network codes and some outstanding issues to address like renewable energy support schemes and forward trading hubs. He concluded that significant progress has been made but continued focus will be needed on code amendments to accommodate new market designs.
Dr. Oliver Koch gave a presentation on energy policy and the internal energy market in the European Union. He discussed two major trends: the increasing Europeanization of energy markets and the rise of intermittent renewable energy sources. This presents challenges for ensuring generation adequacy and avoiding market distortions. Koch argued that pursuing further integration of the EU energy market is essential for security of supply, infrastructure planning, and lowering energy prices through competition. National policies need to be coordinated to avoid problems like loop flows that fragment the single market.
The document discusses electricity market design in the EU and emerging thinking around capacity remuneration mechanisms (CRMs). It notes that national CRMs risk undermining the common market, and that the EU is using state aid legislation and a "Blueprint" process to develop more harmonized approaches. Some initial ideas discussed include using adequacy assessments before implementing CRMs, allowing national choice but with common modeling, and ensuring CRMs include cross-border participation and are non-discriminatory. A straw man is proposed for future governance involving roles for the European Commission, Member States, ACER, and ENTSO-E, but many details require further discussion.
(1) Poland has transitioned from a green certificate system for renewable energy to an auction system, with the first auctions to be held in 2016.
(2) The auction system favors technologies like biomass and small hydro that can generate electricity for over 4,000 hours per year but may limit growth of intermittent sources like wind.
(3) There is a risk of an "investment gap" between the expiration of the green certificate system in late 2015 and when the first new projects from the auction system begin generating electricity in 2017/2018.
Dörte Fouquet of Becker Büttner Held presented the current arbitration cases under the Energy Charter Treaty at the Vienna Forum on European Energy Law 2016
From Ugly Duckling to Superstar: how energy efficiency (almost) got to the to...FTI Consulting FR
Energy efficiency has long been promoted at European level. The European Commission has certainly made great efforts to support it and to ensure that energy savings can contribute to the EU’s energy priorities, namely reduction of carbon emissions, lowering of energy costs and increase of energy independence. The EU has introduced energy efficiency targets, created a regulatory framework to support energy efficiency and the uptake of energy efficient products and provided significant funding. However, so far energy efficiency has not lived up to its expectations, which is disappointing considering the huge amount of resources spent to promote it.
In this Energy Flash we look why the EU’s policies have so far have not had the desired effect, what is being done to change this and which sectors are best placed to benefit from the renewed efforts.
This document discusses the deregulation and reregulation of the British retail energy market. It provides background on the privatization and liberalization of the gas and electricity markets in the 1980s and 1990s, leading to the formation of the "Big Six" dominant energy companies. It then analyzes trends of rising prices, lack of switching by many consumers, and recent political interventions to mandate cheaper tariffs and limit complex tariff options, in an attempt to make the market fairer for consumers. The document concludes by discussing the tensions between promoting competition through switching versus protecting consumers through enforced tariff changes.
Vattenfall supports the European Commission's Green Paper which aims to establish a coherent and integrated European energy policy. Vattenfall identifies three major objectives: 1) Integration of the Internal Energy Market to realize its full benefits, 2) Tackling climate change through binding long-term commitments and expanding emissions trading, and 3) Ensuring a coherent and secure European energy policy. Vattenfall emphasizes the need for transparency in energy markets, developing regional markets, and defining the roles of transmission system operators and regulators to support market integration.
1. The current enforcement system of the Energy Community lacks effectiveness due to its political nature, lack of sanctions, and inability to directly involve private parties or allow preliminary references or direct actions.
2. Alternatives for enforcing energy law, such as relying on national courts or international arbitration, are also limited due to weak institutions, lengthy proceedings, and unsuitability for small disputes.
3. Reforming the enforcement system to establish a judicial body and revise the sanctions system could help overcome political deadlocks, allow treaty interpretation, and increase compliance with energy law.
This document summarizes Harry Istepanian's presentation on Iraq's electricity tariff reform. It breaks down the overall goal of tariff reform into several categories: regulation, commercial, technical, training, community engagement, and information technology. The goals are to establish a financially sustainable tariff structure, reduce losses through improved metering and infrastructure security, increase collection rates through billing and customer service, and promote a culture of rational electricity use and payment through community outreach programs.
China Global Think Tank Summit Presentation 2013nooone
IPEEC is an intergovernmental organization established in 2009 to promote global energy efficiency. It has members from major economies accounting for over 80% of global GDP and energy use. The document discusses the growing role of energy efficiency in Asia to address challenges of urbanization, rising energy demand, and the need to reduce emissions. Key trends in the Asia-Pacific region include rapid urbanization and rising but improving energy intensity. Financial barriers like high upfront costs often impede energy efficiency projects. IPEEC works to overcome these first cost barriers and facilitate energy efficiency financing by addressing issues like information asymmetry, lack of credit histories, and inadequate supporting infrastructure.
This document summarizes a presentation on wind power financing and investing in Turkey. The key points are:
1) Turkey has a very favorable wind regime for wind power generation with high average capacity factors. However, subsidies are insufficient to make all projects financially viable.
2) Onshore wind power is growing significantly in Turkey, driven by climate change concerns, energy security, and domestic industry support. Offtake agreements and turbine choice are important factors in project success.
3) Access to financing remains challenging due to risk aversion among banks following the 2008 credit crunch. Transactions require a club of lenders and more equity. Project and sponsor quality are critical for attracting capital.
The International Partnership for Energy Efficiency Cooperation (IPEEC) was established in 2009 at the G8 summit in Italy to facilitate the rapid deployment of clean energy technologies worldwide. IPEEC members account for over 80% of global GDP and energy use. The IPEEC Secretariat is located in Paris, France.
The document discusses Vietnam's potential for wind power generation and the development of wind power projects. It notes that Vietnam's wind power potential is highest in central and southern coastal regions, with experts forecasting over 500,000 MW of potential. However, current wind power production is small due to issues like low electricity prices paid by the state electricity company. The document outlines some of the legal and regulatory challenges facing wind power projects in Vietnam, such as unclear frameworks for negotiating electricity prices and contracting independent producers. It also discusses project development, financing, land rights, power purchase agreements and other considerations for wind power projects in Vietnam.
I made this assignment for a Strategy Module (University of Westminster) this year and I thought it looked nice. It is important to point out I don't work and have never worked for PWC, it was just a requirement of the assignment to pretend you worked there.
LAWYER IN VIETNAM DR. OLIVER MASSMANN - VIETNAM – WHY YOU SHOULD INVEST IN RE...Dr. Oliver Massmann
Vietnam has great potential for renewable energy investment due to its natural resources like abundant sunlight and long coastline. The government is encouraging renewable energy development by establishing favorable policies like feed-in tariffs and power purchase agreements. Major trade agreements provide protections for foreign investors in Vietnam's energy sector through commitments on government procurement and investor-state dispute settlement mechanisms. Renewable energy such as solar, wind, waste-to-energy and hydrogen present opportunities to meet Vietnam's growing energy needs while reducing environmental impacts.
Vietnam – Infrastructure and Waste Treatment Sector – Current Issues and Solu...Dr. Oliver Massmann
Vietnam – Infrastructure and Waste Treatment Sector – Current Issues and Solutions for Investment and Outlook on the Major Trade Deals CPTPP, EUVNFTA and the EU Vietnam Investment Protection Agreement (IPA)
The document discusses electricity market design in the EU and emerging thinking around capacity remuneration mechanisms (CRMs). It notes that national CRMs risk undermining the common market, and that the EU is using state aid legislation and a "Blueprint" process to develop more harmonized approaches. Some initial ideas discussed include using adequacy assessments before implementing CRMs, allowing national choice but with common modeling, and ensuring CRMs include cross-border participation and are non-discriminatory. A straw man is proposed for future governance involving roles for the European Commission, Member States, ACER, and ENTSO-E, but many details require further discussion.
(1) Poland has transitioned from a green certificate system for renewable energy to an auction system, with the first auctions to be held in 2016.
(2) The auction system favors technologies like biomass and small hydro that can generate electricity for over 4,000 hours per year but may limit growth of intermittent sources like wind.
(3) There is a risk of an "investment gap" between the expiration of the green certificate system in late 2015 and when the first new projects from the auction system begin generating electricity in 2017/2018.
Dörte Fouquet of Becker Büttner Held presented the current arbitration cases under the Energy Charter Treaty at the Vienna Forum on European Energy Law 2016
From Ugly Duckling to Superstar: how energy efficiency (almost) got to the to...FTI Consulting FR
Energy efficiency has long been promoted at European level. The European Commission has certainly made great efforts to support it and to ensure that energy savings can contribute to the EU’s energy priorities, namely reduction of carbon emissions, lowering of energy costs and increase of energy independence. The EU has introduced energy efficiency targets, created a regulatory framework to support energy efficiency and the uptake of energy efficient products and provided significant funding. However, so far energy efficiency has not lived up to its expectations, which is disappointing considering the huge amount of resources spent to promote it.
In this Energy Flash we look why the EU’s policies have so far have not had the desired effect, what is being done to change this and which sectors are best placed to benefit from the renewed efforts.
This document discusses the deregulation and reregulation of the British retail energy market. It provides background on the privatization and liberalization of the gas and electricity markets in the 1980s and 1990s, leading to the formation of the "Big Six" dominant energy companies. It then analyzes trends of rising prices, lack of switching by many consumers, and recent political interventions to mandate cheaper tariffs and limit complex tariff options, in an attempt to make the market fairer for consumers. The document concludes by discussing the tensions between promoting competition through switching versus protecting consumers through enforced tariff changes.
Vattenfall supports the European Commission's Green Paper which aims to establish a coherent and integrated European energy policy. Vattenfall identifies three major objectives: 1) Integration of the Internal Energy Market to realize its full benefits, 2) Tackling climate change through binding long-term commitments and expanding emissions trading, and 3) Ensuring a coherent and secure European energy policy. Vattenfall emphasizes the need for transparency in energy markets, developing regional markets, and defining the roles of transmission system operators and regulators to support market integration.
1. The current enforcement system of the Energy Community lacks effectiveness due to its political nature, lack of sanctions, and inability to directly involve private parties or allow preliminary references or direct actions.
2. Alternatives for enforcing energy law, such as relying on national courts or international arbitration, are also limited due to weak institutions, lengthy proceedings, and unsuitability for small disputes.
3. Reforming the enforcement system to establish a judicial body and revise the sanctions system could help overcome political deadlocks, allow treaty interpretation, and increase compliance with energy law.
This document summarizes Harry Istepanian's presentation on Iraq's electricity tariff reform. It breaks down the overall goal of tariff reform into several categories: regulation, commercial, technical, training, community engagement, and information technology. The goals are to establish a financially sustainable tariff structure, reduce losses through improved metering and infrastructure security, increase collection rates through billing and customer service, and promote a culture of rational electricity use and payment through community outreach programs.
China Global Think Tank Summit Presentation 2013nooone
IPEEC is an intergovernmental organization established in 2009 to promote global energy efficiency. It has members from major economies accounting for over 80% of global GDP and energy use. The document discusses the growing role of energy efficiency in Asia to address challenges of urbanization, rising energy demand, and the need to reduce emissions. Key trends in the Asia-Pacific region include rapid urbanization and rising but improving energy intensity. Financial barriers like high upfront costs often impede energy efficiency projects. IPEEC works to overcome these first cost barriers and facilitate energy efficiency financing by addressing issues like information asymmetry, lack of credit histories, and inadequate supporting infrastructure.
This document summarizes a presentation on wind power financing and investing in Turkey. The key points are:
1) Turkey has a very favorable wind regime for wind power generation with high average capacity factors. However, subsidies are insufficient to make all projects financially viable.
2) Onshore wind power is growing significantly in Turkey, driven by climate change concerns, energy security, and domestic industry support. Offtake agreements and turbine choice are important factors in project success.
3) Access to financing remains challenging due to risk aversion among banks following the 2008 credit crunch. Transactions require a club of lenders and more equity. Project and sponsor quality are critical for attracting capital.
The International Partnership for Energy Efficiency Cooperation (IPEEC) was established in 2009 at the G8 summit in Italy to facilitate the rapid deployment of clean energy technologies worldwide. IPEEC members account for over 80% of global GDP and energy use. The IPEEC Secretariat is located in Paris, France.
The document discusses Vietnam's potential for wind power generation and the development of wind power projects. It notes that Vietnam's wind power potential is highest in central and southern coastal regions, with experts forecasting over 500,000 MW of potential. However, current wind power production is small due to issues like low electricity prices paid by the state electricity company. The document outlines some of the legal and regulatory challenges facing wind power projects in Vietnam, such as unclear frameworks for negotiating electricity prices and contracting independent producers. It also discusses project development, financing, land rights, power purchase agreements and other considerations for wind power projects in Vietnam.
I made this assignment for a Strategy Module (University of Westminster) this year and I thought it looked nice. It is important to point out I don't work and have never worked for PWC, it was just a requirement of the assignment to pretend you worked there.
LAWYER IN VIETNAM DR. OLIVER MASSMANN - VIETNAM – WHY YOU SHOULD INVEST IN RE...Dr. Oliver Massmann
Vietnam has great potential for renewable energy investment due to its natural resources like abundant sunlight and long coastline. The government is encouraging renewable energy development by establishing favorable policies like feed-in tariffs and power purchase agreements. Major trade agreements provide protections for foreign investors in Vietnam's energy sector through commitments on government procurement and investor-state dispute settlement mechanisms. Renewable energy such as solar, wind, waste-to-energy and hydrogen present opportunities to meet Vietnam's growing energy needs while reducing environmental impacts.
Vietnam – Infrastructure and Waste Treatment Sector – Current Issues and Solu...Dr. Oliver Massmann
Vietnam – Infrastructure and Waste Treatment Sector – Current Issues and Solutions for Investment and Outlook on the Major Trade Deals CPTPP, EUVNFTA and the EU Vietnam Investment Protection Agreement (IPA)
VIETNAM – POWER ENERGY – TRANSITION AND PDP8 – HOW THE EVFTA AND THE EVIPA AN...Dr. Oliver Massmann
VIETNAM – POWER ENERGY – TRANSITION AND PDP8 – HOW THE EVFTA AND THE EVIPA AND THE CPTPP CONTRIBUTE TO BANKABILITY OF ENERGY PROJECTS – WHAT YOU MUST KNOW:
VIETNAM—POWER, ENERGY, AND THE AFFECT OF RECENT TRADE AGREEMENTS EU VIETNAM F...Dr. Oliver Massmann
VIETNAM—POWER, ENERGY, AND THE AFFECT OF RECENT TRADE AGREEMENTS EU VIETNAM FREE TRADE AND INVESTMENT PROTECTION AGREEMENT AND THE COMPREHENSIVE AND PROGRESSIVE TRANS PACIFIC PARTNERSHIP AGREEMENT
VIETNAM – RENEWABLE ENERGIES - Identifying the Amazing Development - what you...Dr. Oliver Massmann
Vietnam has experienced rapid economic growth but faces risks from fossil fuel dependence. It has recognized renewable energy's importance and targets a 7-10% renewable share by 2030. Solar and wind development has surged since 2017 due to new feed-in tariffs and reforms. Hundreds of new solar projects totaling over 3GW have been approved. Wind potential is 27GW but only 197MW currently exist. Biomass could generate 700-780MW annually but only 76.5MW currently exist. Recent trade deals further open the renewable market to foreign investment and technology.
This document summarizes Vietnam's green growth policies and initiatives, with a focus on renewable energy development. It outlines Vietnam's national green growth strategy and action plan, as well as support mechanisms introduced for waste-to-energy and biomass power. Specific recommendations are provided to further promote renewable energy, including implementing tax incentives for solar energy, allowing energy service companies, setting a higher wind power feed-in tariff, providing standard power purchase agreements, and developing pre-packaged wind power projects.
This document discusses green growth strategies and renewable energy development in Vietnam. It provides the following key points:
1. Green Growth is a key part of Vietnam's sustainable development strategy through 2020 to promote efficient and sustainable economic growth.
2. The government has established support mechanisms and action plans to strengthen the framework for Green Growth, but high costs remain a barrier.
3. Recommendations are provided to further promote renewable energy through policies like tax incentives for solar energy, allowing decentralized energy supply, setting feasible feed-in tariffs, and providing clear power purchase agreements.
4. Energy efficiency, sustainable buildings, and public-private partnerships are also discussed as important areas for green growth that could provide environmental and
As part of its ongoing reports on the Government’s energy and climate change policy the Parliamentary Information Office of the Parliamentary Yearbook has been monitoring progress on the draft energy bill. This will form part of a major feature on environment, sustainable energy and climate change in the next edition of the Parliamentary Yeabook
Draft Decision on Supporting Regime for Solar Power Projects Dr. Oliver Massmann
Vietnam has strong potential for solar power due to its high levels of sunlight. To encourage investment in solar projects, the Vietnamese government is proposing incentives including tax exemptions, import duty waivers, and preferential land use rights. The draft decision establishes Electricity of Vietnam as the sole off-taker of solar power at feed-in tariff rates that are currently lower than neighboring countries but may be increased. These incentives aim to attract more foreign investment and help Vietnam develop its solar energy sector.
1. Vietnam has experienced rapid economic development which has led to a large increase in energy demand that has exceeded supply. Investments of $74 billion are needed between 2006-2025 to develop electricity infrastructure and meet the growing demand.
2. Private investment will be critical to meeting Vietnam's energy needs but the country faces challenges in attracting investment including low energy prices, lack of competitive bidding on projects, and unstable regulations.
3. Recommendations include establishing a competitive electricity market, gradually increasing energy prices, requiring transparent competitive bidding, clearly defining and adhering to contract terms, and allowing international arbitration. This would make Vietnam's legal framework more attractive to private investors in developing its energy sector.
New legislation in Argentina aims to increase renewable energy production to 20% of electricity consumption by 2025 through public auctions. The current energy system relies heavily on fossil fuel imports and aging infrastructure. The new Renewable Energy Law establishes renewable energy targets, mandates that large consumers meet goals, and provides tax benefits to promote investment in renewable projects. Key open issues that could impact investment include the creditworthiness of the off-taker, grid connectivity, environmental permitting, treatment of local and provincial laws, and balancing low prices with long-term investor needs.
VIETNAM - BIOMASS POWER PROJECTS - NEW LAWS AND HOW TO GET HIGHEST LEVELS OF ...Dr. Oliver Massmann
VIETNAM - BIOMASS POWER PROJECTS - NEW LAWS AND HOW TO GET HIGHEST LEVELS OF LEGAL CERTAINTY AND BANKABILITY UNDER EU-VN INVESTMENT PROTECTION AGREEMENT (“EVIPA”) AND COMPREHENSIVE AND PROGRESSIVE TRANS-PACIFIC PARTNERSHIP (“CPTPP”)
Vietnam's mining industry is largely undeveloped and inefficient due to outdated practices and a lack of foreign investment. The government aims to address issues through reforms, but current high taxes and regulations discourage investment. Major trade agreements like the TPP 11 and EUVNFTA could boost the mining sector by bringing in foreign capital and technology. However, Vietnam must first reduce duties and royalties to attract more investment and enable modern mining methods that are safer and more environmentally friendly. Infrastructure development is also needed to support mining and reduce poverty in remote areas where resources are located.
Vietnam - Wind Power - Moving towards completion - With the newly-proposed w...Dr. Oliver Massmann
Vietnam - Wind Power - Moving towards completion - With the newly-proposed wind FiT in dispute, the government should extend support to developers to ensure project realization.
Similar to Vietnam – Power Energy Action Plan – With Outlook on the Major Trade Agreements CPTPP, EUVNFTA and Investment Protection Agreement (20)
VIETNAM — Anwalt in Vietnam Dr. Oliver Massmann Corporate Sustainability Due ...Dr. Oliver Massmann
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The document summarizes Vietnam's Power Development Plan 8 (PDP8), which aims to ensure national energy security by 2050 through increasing renewable energy and developing the transmission grid system. Key points include: (1) PDP8 sets renewable energy targets of 47% by 2030 and 67.5-71.5% by 2050; (2) $134.7 billion will be invested in power generation and transmission from 2021-2030; (3) the plan encourages private investment and development of the transmission grid system.
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The Prime Minister of Vietnam approved the Plan for Implementation of the National Power Development Plan to 2030 (PDP8) on April 1, 2024. The Implementation Plan sets specific tasks and timelines for government ministries to execute PDP8 through 2025. It maintains planned capacity targets for power generation projects such as gas, coal, and hydropower. However, it does not provide guidelines to address issues like project bankability and feed-in tariffs. The Implementation Plan also lists onshore wind and solar power projects and targets, while prioritizing the development of relevant legal frameworks through 2025 to fully implement PDP8 by 2030.
VIETNAM - THE NEW LAW ON CREDIT INSTITUTIONS - WHAT YOU MUST KNOW:Dr. Oliver Massmann
The National Assembly of Vietnam passed a new Law on Credit Institutions that takes effect on July 1, 2024. The objectives of the new law are to strengthen the resilience of the banking system, increase the independence and accountability of credit institutions, and improve oversight of the banking industry. Key changes include new rules around cross-ownership in commercial banks, managing bad debts, and providing a legal framework for digital banking. These regulations are intended to further develop Vietnam's market infrastructure and move the country closer to emerging market status. However, Vietnam remains a frontier market, and guidance on the new law could focus more on ensuring availability of information and streamlined processes to set up investment accounts to help Vietnam achieve emerging market status sooner. The new law
Corporate Sustainability Due Diligence Directive (CSDDD or the EU Supply Chai...Dr. Oliver Massmann
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Anwalt in Vietnam Dr. Oliver Massmann Corporate Sustainability Due Diligence ...Dr. Oliver Massmann
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This document briefly explains the June compliance calendar 2024 with income tax returns, PF, ESI, and important due dates, forms to be filled out, periods, and who should file them?.
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The legal profession, which has historically been male-dominated, has experienced a significant increase in the number of women entering the field over the past few decades. Despite this progress, women lawyers continue to encounter various challenges as they strive for top positions.
सुप्रीम कोर्ट ने यह भी माना था कि मजिस्ट्रेट का यह कर्तव्य है कि वह सुनिश्चित करे कि अधिकारी पीएमएलए के तहत निर्धारित प्रक्रिया के साथ-साथ संवैधानिक सुरक्षा उपायों का भी उचित रूप से पालन करें।
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"Lifting the Corporate Veil" is a legal concept that refers to the judicial act of disregarding the separate legal personality of a corporation or limited liability company (LLC). Normally, a corporation is considered a legal entity separate from its shareholders or members, meaning that the personal assets of shareholders or members are protected from the liabilities of the corporation. However, there are certain situations where courts may decide to "pierce" or "lift" the corporate veil, holding shareholders or members personally liable for the debts or actions of the corporation.
Here are some common scenarios in which courts might lift the corporate veil:
Fraud or Illegality: If shareholders or members use the corporate structure to perpetrate fraud, evade legal obligations, or engage in illegal activities, courts may disregard the corporate entity and hold those individuals personally liable.
Undercapitalization: If a corporation is formed with insufficient capital to conduct its intended business and meet its foreseeable liabilities, and this lack of capitalization results in harm to creditors or other parties, courts may lift the corporate veil to hold shareholders or members liable.
Failure to Observe Corporate Formalities: Corporations and LLCs are required to observe certain formalities, such as holding regular meetings, maintaining separate financial records, and avoiding commingling of personal and corporate assets. If these formalities are not observed and the corporate structure is used as a mere façade, courts may disregard the corporate entity.
Alter Ego: If there is such a unity of interest and ownership between the corporation and its shareholders or members that the separate personalities of the corporation and the individuals no longer exist, courts may treat the corporation as the alter ego of its owners and hold them personally liable.
Group Enterprises: In some cases, where multiple corporations are closely related or form part of a single economic unit, courts may pierce the corporate veil to achieve equity, particularly if one corporation's actions harm creditors or other stakeholders and the corporate structure is being used to shield culpable parties from liability.
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against which they can evaluate those classes of AI applications that are probably the most relevant for them.
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Discover how Mississauga criminal defence lawyers defend clients facing weapon offence charges with expert legal guidance and courtroom representation.
To know more visit: https://www.saini-law.com/
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Synopsis On Annual General Meeting/Extra Ordinary General Meeting With Ordinary And Special Businesses And Ordinary And Special Resolutions with Companies (Postal Ballot) Regulations, 2018
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Vietnam – Power Energy Action Plan – With Outlook on the Major Trade Agreements CPTPP, EUVNFTA and Investment Protection Agreement
1. Vietnam – Power Energy Action Plan – With Outlook on the Major Trade
Agreements CPTPP, EUVNFTA and Investment Protection Agreement
Author: Dr. Oliver Massmann
A. Overview of the Power Master Plan 8
Vietnam contains huge potential regarding the production of clean energy. It has best conditions
for developing solar power due to being one of the countries with the most sun hours during the
year and best conditions for creating wind power due to 3000km coastline. As a result, Vietnam
in general, is able to attract many Foreign Direct Investments (FDI) for developing clean energy
projects.
Therefore, the aim of the current Power Master Plan 8 (PMP8) is to develop power sources, in
which renewable energy (wind, solar, bio) will be prioritized, in order to stepwise increase the
proportion of electricity generated from renewable energy sources. Core elements are to establish
links between international and domestic companies. Thus, the international finance and
technology should be connected to the domestic banks and the expertise of domestic companies.
In addition, a market must be developed that attracts large-scale companies and small and medium
sized enterprises (SMEs) equally.
Furthermore, there will be improvements to the solar power market and the Solar Power Purchase
Agreement (PPA) model, which could apply from 1 July 2019. If the PPA is improved to meet the
standards of international and domestic banks, the cost of financing solar power plants can be
reduced. Feed-in tariffs could provide 2 billion USD in foreign investment in solar energy by 2020.
The new PPA should focus on the key areas termination payments, curtailment and failure to take
or pay by Vietnam Electricity (EVN), dispute resolution / arbitration clauses and the application
of the feed-in-tariff for 20 years the PPA for new solar projects, which reach their commercial
operation date by 30th June 2021 with a reduced feed in tariff. These improvements should equally
apply to the standard PPAs for wind power, biomass and waste to energy.
In addition, a government market-driven electricity price system should be created, which includes
a welfare state price system and thus supports low-income citizens. To make this possible, the
price for the middle class has to be raised. Furthermore, the need for government guarantees must
be reduced. In order to counteract electricity wastefulness, incentives for private sector investment
2. in distributed clean energy generation and energy efficiency with fair and transparent electricity
tariffs are necessary.
With regard to the price of electricity, there will be essentially three types of movement. First, the
daytime hourly tariff will be redesigned for commercial and industrial consumers. This is intended
to reduce the peak load of the transmission system and transmission losses. Second, regional
differences in retail tariffs are developed. Third, a market-based electricity tariff is set, which
contains flexible regulations and thus allows adjustments and increases in efficiency.
It will be important for the government to upgrade transmission and distribution. A regulator
regime is to build, which allows and encourages construction and use of bio-mass, solar, wind and
other clean sources of power generation for private and public users - office, residential,
manufacturing, communities, and industrial - small scale and large scale, and to speed up decision
making and set predicative procedures to encourage development of off shore gas, LNG,
efficiencies, and renewables.
B. Future recommendations for VL Direct Power Purchase Agreement
The Application of PPA should be extended and even used for commercial power consumers
(offices, hotels, resorts and supermarkets), hence they can reduce their electricity costs. The project
aim should be to make a major investment in clean energy generation. Guidelines could be to reach
at least 300MW of new clean energy generation in 2018/2019 and to invest about 400 Million
USD.
The Electricity Regulatory Authority of Vietnam (ERAV) and EVN must define as soon as
possible a so-called “wheeling fee”. Wheeling is the transportation of electric energy (megawatt-
hours) from within an electrical grid to an electrical load outside the grid boundaries. At least for
the first 5 years of operation the fee should be fixed. Afterwards, an increase is possible in agreed
in conjunction with business groups and WE.
C. Outlook on Major Trade Agreements TPP 11, EUVNFTA and Investment Protection
Agreement
In January 2017, US President Donald Trump decided to withdraw from the US’ participation in
the TPP. In November 2017, the remaining TPP members met at the APEC meetings and
concluded about pushing forward the now called CPTPP (TPP 11) without the USA. The provision
of the agreement specified that it enters into effect 60 days after ratification by at least 50% of the
signatories (six of the eleven participating countries). The sixth nation to ratify the deal was
Australia on 31 October 2018, therefore the agreement will finally come into force on 30 December
3. 2018. Recently, on the 12th November 2018, Vietnam has officially become the seventh member
of the CPTPP.
The CPTPP is targeting to eliminate tariff lines and custom duties among member states on certain
goods and commodities to 100%. This will make the Vietnamese market more attractive due to
technology advances, reduction of production costs and because of the high demand on renewable
energy. Sustainable environments are a primary concern of the CPTPP agreement.
An increase of trade should not mean negative influence to the environment. In contrary, due to
the increased focus on the need for energy efficiency and reduced emissions renewable energy
could experience a crucial growth. The agreement is suitable to support Public-Private-
Partnerships (PPPs), which could lead to a positive impact in development of innovative
technologies and alternative energy sources. Lower or no trade tariffs can lead to lower import
costs for the essential components of renewable energy production. This, in turn, results in lower
investment costs and lower production costs, thus increasing the cost-effectiveness of introducing
renewable energy technology.
One another notable major trade agreement is the European Union Vietnam Free Trade Agreement
(EUVNFTA). The EUVNFTA offers great opportunity to access new markets for both the EU and
Vietnam and to bring more capital into Vietnam due easier access and reduction of almost all
tariffs of 99%, as well as obligation to provide better conditions for workers, which is a key aspect
in terms of working at power plants. In addition, the EUVNFTA will boost the most economic
sectors in Vietnam. Moreover, the EUVNFTA will provide certain tax reductions to 0% for clean
technology equipment as well as equal treatment for companies. Due to easier opportunity on
making business, trade and sustainable development will be a good consequence for an even more
dynamic economy and even better investment environment in Vietnam in general and especially
in the power/energy industry.
Both agreements promise great benefits for the energy sector in Vietnam and will help the PMP8
to connect international to domestic companies. The elimination of the tariff lines and custom
duties are advantages to major companies and SMEs alike.
To enable at least some parts of the FTA to be ratified more speedily at EU level, the EU and
Vietnam agreed to take provisions on investment, for which Member State ratification is required,
out of the main agreement and put them in a separate Investment Protection Agreement (IPA).
Currently both the FTA and IPA are expected to be formally submitted to the Council in late 2018,
possibly enabling the FTA to come into force in the second half of 2019.
Furthermore, the Investor State Dispute Settlement (ISDS) will ensure highest standards of legal
certainty and enforceability and protection for investors. We alert investors to make use of these
4. standards! We can advise how to best do that! It is going to be applied under the TPP 11 and the
EUVNFTA. Under that provision, for investment related disputes, the investors have the right to
bring claims to the host country by means of international arbitration. The arbitration proceedings
shall be made public as a matter of transparency in conflict cases. In relation to the TPP, the scope
of the ISDS was reduced by removing references to “investment agreements” and “investment
authorization” as result of the discussion about the TPP’s future on the APEC meetings on 10th
and 11th November 2017.
Further securities come with the Government Procurement Agreement (GPA), which is going to
be part of the TPP 11 and the EUVNFTA. The GPA in both agreements, mainly deals with the
requirement to treat bidders or domestic bidders with investment capital and Vietnamese bidders
equally when a government buys goods or requests for a service worth over the specified threshold.
Vietnam undertakes to timely publish information on tender, allow sufficient time for bidders to
prepare for and submit bids, maintain confidentiality of tenders. The GPA in both agreements also
requires its Parties assess bids based on fair and objective principles, evaluate and award bids only
based on criteria set out in notices and tender documentation, create an effective regime for
complaints and settling disputes, etc.
This instrument will ensure a fair competition and projects of quality and efficient developing
processes.
If you have any question on the above, please do not hesitate to contact Dr. Oliver Massmann
under omassmann@duanemorris.com. Dr. Oliver Massmann is the General Director of Duane
Morris Vietnam LLC.
Thank you very much!