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1. Epidemiology
of
Malaria
By/ Malaria Group
Presented By / Mohamed Ahmed Akfeen
Written By / Mohamed Gamal

2. Research By:
• 1-Mogtaba Saif
• 2-Mohamed Essam
• 3-Mohamed Ammar
• 4Mohamed Ibrahem
• 5-Lobaba Ahmed
• 6-Mohamed Saeid
7-Mohamed Khedr
8-Lamiaa Omar
9-Qamar Hassan
10-Fajr Aleslam
11-Maab Emad
12-Mohamed abdelqader
13- Mohamed Alaa
14- Azza Othman
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3. Contents:
• 1-Epidemiology of Malaria Globally:
• A-Distribution
• B- Determinants (Causes and Risk Factors)
• C- Frequency
• D- Prevention and Control
• 2-Epidemiology of Malaria in Sudan
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4. Introduction
• An acute fever illness
• Caused by Plasmodium parasite
• Transmitted via a vector called Anopheles Mosquitoes
• One of the most common illnesses in Sudan
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6. Distribution of Malaria:
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7. • Infects any age or gender.
• Temperature is key.
• Warm regions have more transmission (all-year).
• Cold regions have less transmission (Seasonal).
• Transmission is higher in rural areas.
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Con. Distribution of Malaria:

8. • The agent is Plasmodium parasite, there`re 5 types:
• P.falciparum: mainly in Africa, causes most deaths.
• P.vivax: mainly found in asia and south America,
causes milder symptoms.
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Con. Determinants of Malaria:

9. • P.ovale: uncommon and found in West Africa
• P.malariae: quite rare and usually found in Africa
• P.knowlesi: very rare and found in parts of southeast
Asia
• P. Vivax and P. Ovale have liver stages
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Con. Determinants of Malaria:

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11. Epidemiology of Malaria
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• Developing countries
• Tropical and subtropical regions
• Rural residence
• Proximity to stagnant water
• Blood transfusion
• Pregnancy
Risk factors:

12. Frequency of Malaria :
• Transmission occurs in 85 countries in 5 WHO regions.
• Since 2015, European Region has been free of Malaria.
• In 2020, there were 241 million cases globally
• In 2020 deaths increased by 12% (624,960 deaths)
compared with 2019 (which were 558,000 deaths).
• Africa estimated 95% of cases and 96% of deaths.
• Most deaths are among 5 year old children
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13. Prevention of Malaria:
• Vector control (Insectidice-treated nets and others).
• Malaria vaccine and prophylaxis.
• Early diagnosis.
• Treatment using drugs as chloroquine, Deoxycycline
and others.
• Rehabilitation.
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14. Control of Malaria:
• Vector Control is the principle way of control.
• It means to reduce human-vector contact.
• By 2030, WHO aims to:
• Reduce case incidence and mortality by 90%
• Eliminate Malaria in 35 countries at least
• Prevent re-occurring in free countries.
• Thus reducing burden of the disease.
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15. Epidemiology
of
Malaria in sudan

16. • The previously mentioned principle apply
• The only difference is in Frequency
• 75% of Sudanese are at risk of Malaria
• Darfur, White Nile and Khartoum are most affected
• In November 2019, 250,000 cases were reported in
Darfur.
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Epidemiology of Malaria in Sudan:

17. • In 2020, Sudan had 56% of all cases and 61% of deaths
in the East Mediterranean region.
• Meaning +410,000 cases and +7,500 deaths.
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Con. Epidemiology of Malaria in Sudan:

18. References:
• https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
• https://www.ecdc.europa.eu
• https://www.Researchgate.net
• https://www.nhsinform.scot
• https://www.cdc.gov
• https://countrystudies.us
• https://www.who.int
• https://reliefweb.int
• https://standfordheathcare.org
• https://www.niaid.nih.gov
• https://malariajournal.biomedcentral.com
• https://tropmedhealth.biomedcentral.com
• https://www.mayoclinic.org
• https://my.clevelandclinic.org
• https://www.nimh.nih.gov
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