ABOUT PARALLEL UNIVERSE SCIENCE FICTION

1. PARALLEL UNIVERSE
PRESENTED BY: JATIN
CLASS: 12TH A
ROLL NO. : 10

2. ❑ CERTIFICATE
THIS IS TO CERTIFY THAT JATIN OF CLASS 12TH A OF
KENDRIYA VIDYALAYA NO.2 AMBALA CANTT. HAS
SUCCESSFULLY COMPLETED ENGLISH PROJECT FILE .
HE HAS TAKEN PROPER CARE AND SINCERETY IN
COMPLETION OF HIS PROJECT . ALL THE WORK
RELATED TO THE PROJECT WAS DONE BY CANDIDATE
HIMSELF. THE APPROACH TOWARDS THE PROJECT
HAS BEEN SINCERE AND SCIENTIFIC.
I CERTIFY THAT THIS PROJECT IS UP TO MY
EXPECTATIONS AND AS PRE THE GUIDELINES ISSUED
BY CBSE.

3. ❑DEFINATION OF CONCEPT
• Parallel universe or alternate universe is a hypothetical self-
contained plane of existence, co-existing with one's own. The sum of
all potential parallel universes that constitute reality is often called a
"multiverse". In simple words we can say that a universe, especially
one of an infinite set of identical universes, hypothesized in some
interpretations of quantum mechanics to exist along with our own
universe, obeying the same physical laws, but each in a different
quantum mechanical state with no possibility for the transfer of
information between universes.

4. ❑ HOW THE CONCEPT ARISES
• Our universe is immense. Earth is one of eight planets
that revolve around our sun, which is a star, and there
are billions or maybe even trillions of stars in the
Milky Way galaxy. With existing technology, we can
see well beyond our own galaxy into the observable
universe, which has a diameter of 92 billionlight
years and contains perhaps two trilliongalaxies. All
available evidence indicates the universe is much,
much bigger than what we can observe and might be
infinitely large. Parallel universe theory explores the
possibilitythat the universe contains planets and
galaxies similar to our own or even that an infinite
number of separate universes may form a grand
multiverse. While the idea of a parallel universe has
long been a popular plot line in movies, TV shows and
books, it's now supported by compellingscientific
theories that help explain observations about the
known universe. The concept of a multiverse arises
from inflation theory, string theory and quantum
mechanics.

5. ❑ SCIENTIFIC EXPLANATIONS
(THROUGH BIG BANG THEORY)
• Multiverses and parallel worlds are often argued in the
context of other major scientific concepts like the Big Bang,
string theory and quantum mechanics. mysterious process
of inflation and the Big Bang have convinced some
researchersthat multiple universes are possible, or even
very likely. According to theoreticalphysicist Alexander
Vilenkin of Tufts University in Massachusetts, inflation
didn't end everywhereat the same time. While it ended for
everything that we can detect from Earth 13.8 billion years
ago, cosmic inflation in fact continues in other places. This is
called the theory of eternal inflation. And as inflation ends
in a particular place, a new bubble universe forms, Vilenkin
wrote for Scientific American in 2011. Those bubble
universes can't contact each other because they continue to
expand indefinitely. If we were to set off for the edge of our
bubble, where it might be up against the next bubble
universe over, we will never reach it because the edge is
zipping away from us faster than the speed of light, and
faster than we could ever travel.

6. ❑ SCIENTIFIC EXPLANATIONS (QUANTUM THEORY)
• Some researchers base their ideas of parallel universes on
quantum mechanics, the mathematical description of
subatomic particles. In quantum mechanics, multiple states
of existence for tiny particles are all possible at the same
time — a "wave function" encapsulates all of those
possibilities. However, when we actually look, we only ever
observe one of the possibilities. Accordingto the
Copenhagen interpretation of quantum mechanics as
described by the Stanford Encyclopediaof Philosophy, we
observe an outcome when the wave function "collapses"
into a single reality. But the many-worlds theory proposes
instead that every time one state, or outcome, is observed,
there is another "world" in which a different quantum
outcome becomes reality. This is a branching arrangement,
in which instant by instant, our perceived universe
branches into near-infinite alternatives. Those alternate
universes are completely separate and unable to intersect,
so while there may be uncountable versions of you living a
life that's slightly or wildlydifferent from your life in this
world, you'd never know it.

7. ❑ SCIENTIFIC EXPLANATIONS (STRING THEORY)
• String theory is a suggestion put forward by physicists to connect
quantum mechanics and General Relativity, which are the best
descriptions we have of the infinitesimally small and
incomprehensibly large. The underlying idea of string theory is
that fundamental particles like quarks and electrons are actually a
single point in one-dimensional strings, vibrating at different
frequencies .This ‘string-landscape’ provides a popular setting for
the multiverse, thanks to one of the key elements upon which
string theory depends. In order to be mathematically sound, string
theory needs ‘extra dimensions’ to exist . These aren’t parallel
dimensions like we see in science fiction. Instead, string theorists
believe these extra dimensions are curled up within the three
traditional dimensions of space. They remain invisible to us, as we
evolved only to see in three dimensions. These extra dimensions
could offer a ‘way in’ to the string theory multiverse. Even if this
was the case and a connection via these dimensions of space to
other universes existed, they may still remain permanently out of
reach and view, thanks to the fact that the inflation of the
Universe means that there is a cosmic horizon beyond which we
can’t see. If there is no ‘connectivity’ between universes in a
multiverse, it makes the cosmological concept of a multiverse
almost impossible to test experimentally.

8. ❑ MENTION IN HINDU MYTHOLOGY
• In Hinduism, the concept of parallel universes is often associated with
the idea of multiple worlds or Lokas, which are depicted in various
Hindu scriptures such as the Puranas and the Vedas. The specific
mention of parallel universes in Hindu cosmology can be found in texts
such as the Bhagavata Purana and the Vishnu Purana, which describe
the existence of different realms and worlds inhabited by different
beings Every universe is covered by seven layers — earth, water, fire, air,
sky, the total energy and false ego — each ten times greater than the
previous one. There are innumerable universes besides this one, and
although they are unlimitedly large, they move about like atoms in You.
Therefore You are called unlimited. (Bhagavata Purana 6.16.37)
.Analogies to describe multiple universes also exist in the Puranic
literature: Because You are unlimited, neither the lords of heaven nor
even You Yourself can ever reach the end of Your glories. The countless
universes, each enveloped in its shell, are compelled by the wheel of time
to wander within You, like particles of dust blowing about in the sky.
The śrutis, following their method of eliminating everything separate
from the Supreme, become successful by revealing You as their final
conclusion. (Bhagavata Purana 10.87.41).The layers or elements
covering the universes are each ten times thicker than the one before,
and all the universes clustered together appear like atoms in a huge
combination. (Bhagavata Purana 3.11.41).

9. ❑SURVEY DATA(PEOPLE OPINION ON CONCEPT)
Q 1} HAVE YOU EVER HEARD OF PARALLEL UNIVERSES
BEFORE AND AWARE OF THE CONCEPT?

10. Q2} WHAT YOU THINK WHEN HEAR ABOUT PARALLEL UNIVERSE ?

11. Q3} WHAT YOU THINK, WHO LIVES IN PARALLEL UNIVERSE?

12. Q4} IF YOU GET A CHANCE TO GO INTO OTHER UNIVERSE . WOULD YOU
LIKE TO GO ?

13. ❑CONCLUSION
THE CONCLUSIONTHAT CAN BE
DRAWN FROM THE DATA , REPORT
AND FACTS IS THAT THE UNIVERSEIS
BEYOND HUMAN THINKING AND
IMAGINATION AND UNIVERSECAN
HAVE ALL THAT THINGS WHICH A
HUMAN MIND CAN’T EVEN THINK .
PARALLEL UNIVERSEIS A CONCEPT
WHICH EXIST IN UNIVERSE
SCIENTIFICALLY BUT NO ONE HAS A
PROOF. ONLY THING WE CAN DO IS
IMAGINE AND THINK ABOUT SUCH
AMAZING AND FANTASIZING
CONCEPTS.

14. THANK YOU